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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Amebic liver abscess.

Amebiasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica. This protozoan organism is the third leading parasitic cause of death in the developing world and is an important health risk to travelers in endemic areas. Amebiasis most commonly results in asymptomatic colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, but some patients may develop intestinal invasive disease or extraintestinal disease-amebic liver abscess being the most common extraintestinal manifestation. This article reviews epidemiologic features, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic tests, imaging studies, treatment of amebic liver abscess, and prevention measures.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Ultrasound and amoebic liver abscess.

Eight of 12 patients referred to an ultrasound clinic were eventually found to have a liver abscess. All 8 abscesses were confirmed positively by ultrasonic examination. Using ultrasound, an amoebic abscess can be accurately located within the liver and the optimal site for needling suggested to the clinician. Ultrasound is an accurate, non-invasive, diagnostic aid in this condition.

Drainage↗
PubMed2006

[Liver abscess and infective endocarditis cases caused by Ruminococcus productus].

The genus Ruminococcus which are anaerobe Gram positive cocci, previously classified as Peptostreptococcus, may colonize the upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, vagina and skin of humans and animals. In this report a case of liver abscess and a case of infective endocarditis caused by Ruminoccocus productus, which is very rarely encountered in the clinical practice were presented. The first case was a 32 years old male who was admitted to the hospital in 2002, with the complaints of fever lasting for 20 days and pain while breathing. The abdominal ultrasonography revealed the presence of a liver abscess, and the drainage material from the abscess yielded Ruminococcus productus, identified in BACTEC 9200 (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, Md) anaerobe system. As the isolate was found to be sensitive to penicilin, the empirical gentamicin and ampicillin/sulbactam therapy was continued. The second case was a 25 years old male who was admitted to the hospital in 2005, with the signs of fever lasting for 3-4 months, chills, bone and joint pains. As multiple vegetations were detected in echocardiography, blood cultures were collected and empirical therapy with ceftriaxone and gentamicin was initiated with the preliminary diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Bacteria which were isolated from blood cultures by BACTEC 9200 system have been identified as R. productus. As this strain was also sensitive to penicillin, the empirical therapy was changed to penicilin and gentamicin. These two cases indicated that R. productus should be considered in complicated infections even if it is a rarely isolated species from the clinical samples.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Amoebic liver abscess. Review of 220 cases.

Two hundred and twenty cases of amoebic liver abscess were seen between 1981-1986. The majority were young or middle aged males belonging to the lower socio-economic group and 85% gave a history of drinking toddy (fermented palm juice). The highest incidence of the disease occurred during the peak toddy season (April to July). Toddy drinkers become susceptible perhaps because of the large dose of Entamoeba histolytica and bacteria ingested with the drink, associated malnutrition, poor hygiene, hepatic dysfunction and possible suppression of amoebistatic substance. Useful investigations consisted of skiagram and ultrasonography, the later being sometimes used to guide the aspiration needle to abscesses situated at unconventional sites. Over 88 per cent responded well to conservative treatment with aspiration(s). Laparotomy was required in slightly over 10% of cases and in these the mortality was 12% as compared to 2% with conservative treatment. Although a large amount of liver tissue appears to be destroyed, the residual liver damage is clinically, biochemically, macroscopically and microscopically minimal.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Amebic liver abscess: a report of 100 cases.

Amebic abscess of the liver occurs in about 10% of cases of amebic colitis. The clinical features and laboratory data in 100 patients over a period of three years are presented. Interesting clinical observations were afebrile presentation in 14% and jaundice in 9% of cases. Most of the liver function tests were of no diagnostic value. However, elevated alkaline phosphatase in 69% of cases, in the presence of normal SGOT and SGPT levels, is significant. Hepatic scan, indirect hemagglutination test and splenoportogram are useful collateral aids in its diagnosis. Peritoneal rupture occurred in two cases only. In general, the response to specific anti-amebic therapy combined with aspiration of the abscess was highly satisfactory. Open drainage of the abscess is advocated if a secondary infection supervenes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Effectiveness of IFN-gamma for liver abscesses in chronic granulomatous disease.

In chronic granulomatous disease, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) significantly reduces the incidence and severity of recurrent infections, but its effectiveness administered ex novo during acute infection has been reported in only one case. In this report, we describe two adult brothers with chronic granulomatous disease treated successfully with IFN-gamma for acute liver abscesses. Two brothers with severe recurrent infections of unknown origin were hospitalized for septic fever, malnutrition, and ultrasonographic evidence of liver abscess. Autosomal recessive chronic granulomatous disease was diagnosed based on lack of superoxide anion production by phagocytes and absence of p47-phox protein. An antibiotic regimen specifically directed against Staphylococcus aureus was ineffective, whereas treatment with 50 microg/m2 IFN-gamma s.c. thrice weekly induced complete healing with scarring within 3 months. No septic recurrence was observed during a 4-year follow-up period. In chronic granulomatous disease, IFN-gamma is effective not only in preventing but also in healing life-threatening acute infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Liver abscesses successfully treated by intraportal administration of amphotericin B in a case of acute myeloblastic leukemia (M2)].

A 46-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of relapse of acute myeloblastic leukemia (M2). Remission was successfully reinduced after reinduction chemotherapy consisting of daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, etoposide and vincristine, but was complicated by neutropenia. After the therapy, the patient had persistent fever of about 38 degrees C despite broad-spectrum antibiotics therapy and the patient developed pain in the right quadrant of the abdomen. The white blood cell count rose to 23000/mm3. Liver function tests showed abnormal findings mainly consisting of an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level. Ultrasonography showed multiple hypoechoic lesions in the liver and CT scans also revealed multiple low density areas. Therefore he was suspected of having a complication of liver abscesses. Amphotericin B was administered 75 mg/day intravenously every other day. A percutaneous liver biopsy was performed, but was not diagnostic. Blood cultures were negative for pathogens. Amphotericin B was administered up to a cumulative dosage of 2.3 g, but the patient remained febrile. Then he had an exploratory laparotomy and an open liver biopsy. The liver biopsy samples showed fungal elements proved by PAS staining. A catheter was inserted into the portal vein. Administration of Amphotericin B was started 20 mg daily through the catheter. The temperature fell to normal after institution of this therapy. The abnormal findings in CT scans almost disappeared and the inflammatory findings became negative after he had received intraportal administration of Amphotericin B over three months. Through the analysis of this case study, we confirmed that the intraportal administration of Amphotericin B was effective to the intractable liver abscesses due to fungi.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1994

Amebic liver abscess with intra-biliary rupture.

The case of a large amebic liver abscess with an atypical presentation is reported. High output bile drainage persisted after ultrasound guided percutaneous catheter drainage because of a preexisting communication of the abscess with the right hepatic ductal system. The abscess was managed successfully by surgical evacuation and internal drainage into a defunctioned jejunal loop.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Causal bacteria of pyogenic liver abscess.

This is a review of bacteriologic data on 175 patients with pyogenic liver abscesses seen over a period of 8 years at Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Positive cultures were obtained from liver aspirates in 151 of the 163 patients in which cultures were taken. One hundred and twenty patient specimens grew one isolate and 31 specimens grew two or more isolates. A total of 149 aerobic gram-negative rods, 25 aerobic cocci and 29 anaerobes were isolated. Ninety of the 159 patients from whom blood was taken had positive cultures. In 11 patients, two or more isolates were grown concurrently from the blood. A total of 87 aerobic gram-negative rods, 7 aerobic cocci and 10 anaerobes were isolated. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common microorganism, accounting for 50.8% of the cases. Other major pathogens were Escherichia coli (27.4%), anaerobes (15.4%), and viridans streptococci (6.2%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Alpha-fetoprotein in amebic liver abscess.

Herein we report a 56-yr-old man with amebic liver abscess associated with a high level of alpha-fetoprotein that subsequently reduced to an undetectable level after successful treatment with metronidazole. To our knowledge, there has been no previous report of such an association in the literature.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1985

Effect of monensin and tylosin on average daily gain, feed efficiency and liver abscess incidence in feedlot cattle.

Fourteen trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding monensin at 33 ppm alone, tylosin at 11 ppm alone and the two feed additives in combination on the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, feed:gain ratio and the incidence of liver abscesses in feedlot cattle. Monensin reduced feed intake and improved feed efficiency (P less than .05), and had no effect on average daily gain. Tylosin improved average daily gain (P less than .05) and had no effect on daily feed intake. The effect of tylosin on feed efficiency approached significance. The interaction of monensin and tylosin was nonsignificant for daily gain, daily feed intake and feed:gain ratio. Monensin had no effect on liver abscess incidence, while tylosin reduced abscess incidence from 27 to 9%.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2002

[Liver abscess--a rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal drainage--case report].

The authors present liver abscess as the rare complication of a ventriculoperitoneal drainage. Diagnostics includes combination of USG and CT examination. The treatment requires the evacuation of an abscess cavity temporary followed by the externalization of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and antibiotic therapy. This complication is important to think about in the differential diagnostics of acute fever, abdominal pain and general signs of sepsis in a patient with ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Pyogenic liver abscess caused by Streptococcus milleri.

Three clinically typical cases of multiple pyogenic liver abscesses are presented. In all three cases Streptococus milleri was isolated from the pus and in two cases it was isolated from blood cultures also. The patients were successfully treated by surgical drainage and antibiotics.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Overexpression of cysteine proteinase 2 in Entamoeba histolytica or Entamoeba dispar increases amoeba-induced monolayer destruction in vitro but does not augment amoebic liver abscess formation in gerbils.

To study the role of cysteine proteinases in the pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica, we have attempted to overexpress the three main cysteine proteinases (EhCP1, EhCP2, EhCP5) of this parasite in trophozoites of E. histolytica as well as in non-pathogenic Entamoeba dispar by episomal transfection. Although each of the corresponding coding sequences were cloned in identical expression plasmids, we were unable to overexpress EhCP1 and EhCP5, respectively, but could substantially induce expression of EhCP2 in both amoeba species by sevenfold, leading to a threefold increase in total cysteine proteinase activity. Overexpression of EhCP2 did not influence expression of other cysteine proteinases and could be attributed to an increase of a single 35 kDa activity band in substrate gel electrophoresis. In contrast to previous findings, which indicated that amoeba cysteine proteinases are involved in erythrophagocytosis and liver abscess formation, cells overexpressing EhCP2 showed no difference in erythrophagocytosis or liver abscess formation compared with respective controls. However, overexpression of EhCP2 in both amoeba species resulted in a marked increase of in vitro monolayer destruction.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple actinomycotic liver abscesses: MRI appearances with etiology suggested by abdominal radiography. Case report.

The magnetic resonance imaging appearances of multiple actinomycotic liver abscesses are described. The abscesses appeared hypointense to liver parenchyma on T1-weighted sequences and hyperintense on T2-weighted sequences with some surrounding edema. Following intravenous gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid, the masses showed a thick enhancing rim but no central enhancement. Although no etiology was discovered in the initial clinical history, antecedent dental surgery was evident on abdominal radiography that depicted dental amalgam in the ascending colon.

Abscess↗