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PubMed1994

Clinical research in allied health.

Allied health professionals in nutrition and medical dietetics, occupational therapy, physical therapy, and speech-language pathology and audiology play both unique and key cross-cutting roles in the furtherance of clinical research. Clinical research in nutrition and medical dietetics uniquely focuses on food nutrient intake and the metabolic utilization of nutrients. Clinical research in occupational therapy has a special focus on the relationship of impairment to disability, the adaptation to disability and the maximization of function. Physical therapy clinical research uniquely targets movement dysfunction and its evaluation and treatment within the context of quality and effective care. Clinical research in speech-language pathology and audiology is singular in its focus on deafness and hearing disorders, voice, speech, language and related disorders, and intersections among these and other neurological and physical conditions. Thus, all of these disciplines are making unique contributions to clinical research. Clinical research in these allied health professions is much more than the above specific foci. Inasmuch as these disciplines are rooted in practice, their contributions to research are inherently clinical. Many, if not most, of these contributions represent further validations of clinical practice or its underlying knowledge base. This means that, at a macro level, clinical research in allied health is very much "applied" research. Within allied health clinical research, this emphasis is redoubled at the "person," or individual level, where considerable attention is given to concepts of function and effectiveness. Clinical research in allied health has played a key cross-cutting role through its emphasis on collaboration. Possibly due to their professional maturation within multidisciplinary academic units, allied health professionals have demonstrated a level of comfort with multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary collaborations unique within many academic health science centers. While the above contributions are considerable, much more could be accomplished if identified barriers to career progression could be addressed. Principal barriers to the development of clinical research careers in allied health lie in the areas of training, mentoring, and funding. The lack of financial support for clinical research training is the major impediment. Progress in these areas, although valuable in itself, could also lead to more dedicated release time in clinical and academic settings, improved predoctoral and postdoctoral research training mechanisms, and better alignment of institutional and system reward structures with the clinical research mission. Within the existing constraints, allied health professionals have performed remarkably well in tapping into funding streams created for other disciplines and in establishing research traditions within relatively young health professions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Allied Health Occupations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nutrition of the terminally ill patient: dietetic guidelines].

Food is a factor of great importance in personal relationship during the terminal phase. There are numerous causes of appetite and taste disturbances that must be known by the family and physician. Some ideas are provided about the different ways to improve nutrition and appetite as a part of a plurisymptomatic management to maintain the patient's comfort until his last days of life.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1996

Order writing for parenteral nutrition by registered dietitians.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to describe the involvement of registered dietitians in parenteral nutrition (PN) orders, to identify characteristics of those who write orders; and to rank education, training, and support elements that dietitians believe facilitate PN order-writing skills. DESIGN: Mail survey method. SUBJECTS: Usable returned questionnaires (n = 266) represented randomly sampled membership of the Dietitians in Nutrition Support (a dietetic practice group of The American Dietetic Association) and registered dietitian membership of the American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed using basic frequency displays on all questionnaire items, Pearson correlations between the quantitative variables, and one-way analysis of variance with each of the categorical variables and the quantitative variables. Detail exploration among variables was done by chi(2) analyses and two-tailed t tests. RESULTS: "Recommend" was the most frequent response to a query about participation in PN orders. An average of 37% of respondents sometimes or always wrote orders for nutrients. Specialists were more likely to write orders than clinicians and managers. No relationship was found between those who wrote orders and educational level, and writers had been registered for a shorter length of time. Agreement on the training and support needed for order-writing skills was nearly unanimous. APPLICATIONS: The PN skills of respondents who were specialists distinguished them from managers and clinicians. Specialists did not fit criteria for advanced practice, and specialty practice in metabolic nutrition care may be too broad to define their practice. Educators must recognize the importance of including PN training in didactic and clinical training programs. Registered dietitians with PN skills will be well positioned to play an active role in the evolving health care system.

Analysis of Variance↗