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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Obstacles to regular dental care related to extrinsic and intrinsic motivation.

The aim of this study was to test factors preventing regular dental care as put forward by persons who are extrinsically or intrinsically motivated in relation to dental care. The series consisted of 390 randomly selected young and middle-aged patients, 207 women and 183 men, visiting two occupational health centers in Oulu, Finland. Logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of being extrinsically motivated was greater among those who mentioned the purposelessness of brushing their teeth, lack of time, lack of interest, expense, laziness and failure to appreciate the seriousness of dental care as factors hindering regular dental care very much or somewhat. Thus extrinsically motivated persons seemed to propose superficial reasons and reasons related to non-appreciation of dental care more often than intrinsically motivated persons.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Adult liver transplant candidate attitudes toward graft sharing are not obstacles to split liver transplantation.

Split liver transplantation (SLT) benefits society by increasing the total number of transplants that can be performed, but it is yet unknown if a decreased post-transplant survival (in comparison to whole liver transplantation) would make participation in SLT less appealing to adult liver transplant candidates. A 20-item questionnaire was administered to 50 adult candidates to assess attitudes toward SLT and organ sharing. The overall attitudes of 60% of participants were classified as utilitarian (maximizing benefit to greatest number of candidates), while 26% were classified as self-preserving (maximizing individual benefit) and 14% were undecided. Ninety percent of participants would be willing to share even if expected survival was less than that of whole liver transplantation, and 69% felt that pediatric candidates should have priority over adult candidates. In conclusion, attitudes toward graft sharing and the possibility of compromised survival benefit are not barriers to SLT for most adult liver transplant candidates.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Resolving nonmedical obstacles to successful school reentry for children with cancer.

An annual seminar for school personnel of elementary school-aged pediatric center patient is described. Facilitating understanding of the educational and social needs of such patients, providing updated information about childhood malignancy and addressing the concerns of teachers, nurses and others is warranted because of the many patients who will be cured and who must be prepared to enter adulthood.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Physiological obstacles after xenotransplantation.

The incompatibility of allografts is restricted to immunologic factors such as the MHC class I and class II antigens. Anatomic, physiological, and biochemical characteristics are identical. This is completely different in xenografts. The upright position of man is unique in nature. Gravity therefore exerts a different impact on the anatomic situation of organs such as lung, heart, liver, and kidney. More pronounced are differences on the humoral and enzymatic basis. Complex interactions existing in allografts are totally disturbed in xenogeneic situations. Up- and downregulation controlled by releasing factors on the one hand and inhibitors on the other must be species-specific. These actions of mainly proteases are both fast and in most cases depend on species-specific receptors. Examples are growth hormones which could stimulate the xenografts to unrestricted growth, as in pig hearts in the human patient. Enzymes not metabolized by the liver would constantly stimulate mechanisms to a level that is not compatible with life, and other reactions could be more expressed in the donor species than in man and thus disturb these interactions. Products like albumin are carriers for other molecules and need to be compatible for binding sites. Pig and human albumin have an amino acid identity of less than 65% erythropoetin (EPO) of less than 82%, and complement of less than 70%. All factors are obviously without specific function in the future recipient, the human patient. In contrast, pig complement would, as a foreign molecule, induce the alternative complement pathway in the human recipient, leading to unknown side effects. It is not sufficiently investigated whether under such physiological and anatomic differences a long-term survival of xenograft or recipient is possible--a chain is as strong as its weakest link.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Transfer of genes to humans: early lessons and obstacles to success.

Enough information has been gained from clinical trials to allow the conclusion that human gene transfer is feasible, can evoke biologic responses that are relevant to human disease, and can provide important insights into human biology. Adverse events have been uncommon and have been related to the gene delivery strategies, not to the genetic material being transferred. Human gene transfer still faces significant hurdles before it becomes an established therapeutic strategy. However, its accomplishments to date are impressive, and the logic of the potential usefulness of this clinical paradigm continues to be compelling.

Adenoviridae↗