Genetic testing for disease susceptibility: social, ethical and legal issues for family physicians.
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The most common head injury in sports is concussion. Athletes who sustain a prolonged loss of consciousness should be transported immediately to a hospital for further evaluation. Assessment of less severe injuries should include a thorough neurologic examination. The duration of symptoms and the presence or absence of post-traumatic amnesia and loss of consciousness should be noted. To avoid premature return to play, a good understanding of the possible hazards is important. Potential hazards of premature return to play include the possibility of death from second-impact syndrome, permanent neurologic impairment from cumulative trauma, and the postconcussion syndrome.
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An increasing number of women exercise throughout pregnancy. New evidence illustrates that moderate intensity exercise in healthy pregnant women, with certain considerations, does not increase adverse pregnancy risks. Exercise during pregnancy may actually decrease pregnancy-associated discomforts and improve maternal fitness and well-being. By following the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommendations, clinicians can confidently prescribe exercise to women during preconception, pregnancy, and the postpartum period.
The primary function of alpha1-antitrypsin is to protect the alveoli in the lung from harmful destruction from proteolytic enzymes, which prevent optimal elastic recoil of the lungs and destroy the lungs. Insufficient serum levels of alpha1-antitrypsin eventually lead to early onset of emphysema in the third, fourth, or fifth decade of life. Treatment of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency by intravenous administration of an enzyme inhibitor known as alpha1-proteinase inhibitor, a human-derived blood product, can be administered to help replace the enzymes required to maintain lung function. Early detection, nursing intervention, and clinical management slow the progression of this hereditary disease.
There are about 500 new cases of congenital heart disease per year in Norway. Modern diagnostic skills, surgical techniques and follow-up programs have contributed to higher survival rates among patients. Based on international experience, 85-90 per cent of these children will survive into adulthood. Half will suffer from conditions which should be followed up by cardiologists. This article is based upon recommendations on long-term follow-up of patients with congenital heart disease.
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The Commission Pharmaceutical Help of the Health Care Insurance Board uses the Pharmacotherapeutical compass to inform the medical profession annually about medical drugs. In the 2000/2001 edition the most important alterations are changes in the introductions of: antidepressants, medicines for peptic disorders, medicines for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, haematopoietic growth factors, anticonvulsants, medicines for Parkinson, medicines for congestive heart failure, antiretroviral medicines, medicines for osteoporosis, short acting insuline-analogues and oral antihyperglycaemics. The introductions about Horton's neuralgia and erectile dysfunction are new. For some (new) medicines recommendations are made, for the antidepressants and medicines for peptic disorders some recommendations have been changed.