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PubMed2004

Association between CD62 ligand on naïve and memory T cells and history of cow's milk hypersensitivity in atopic patients.

BACKGROUND: Both IgE and non-IgE cell-mediated reactions can contribute to the immunopathogenesis of food hypersensitivity. OBJECTIVE: To study L-selectin expression in naïve (CD45RA+) and memory (CD45RO+) T cells in atopic patients with a history of cow's milk allergy and CD69 expression. METHODS: We evaluated 12 children with a history of cow's milk allergy. All 12 children underwent clinical history, examination, in vivo skin prick testing to inhalants and milk allergen, and in vitro radioallergosorbent testing for milk and total serum IgE levels. L-selectin levels on naive and memory T cells from patients and controls were analyzed by flow cytometry with fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies after 4 hours or 7 days of incubation with medium alone, 1 microg/mL of pokeweed mitogen, or 50 microg/mL of casein. RESULTS: The percentage of CD45RA+ 62L+ cells with casein was 56% +/- 11% vs 38% +/- 7.7% in healthy controls (P < .009). The percentage of CD45RO- 62L+ cells was 22% +/- 7.1% vs 39% +/- 7.6% in healthy controls (P < .001), whereas the expression of CD62L+ in CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ cells decreased 149% +/- 33% vs 540% +/- 36% for healthy controls (P < .001) and 89% -+/- 16% vs 402% +/- 103% for healthy controls (P < .001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study demonstrate the presence of CD62 ligand on naive and memory T cells, which might serve as a predictive marker for atopic dermatitis withother overlapping atopic disorders, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Current eczema in children is related to Der f 1 exposure but not to Der p 1 exposure.

BACKGROUND: Mite allergen exposure is an important risk factor for specific IgE production and is associated with asthma, hay fever and eczema. Whether these associations are independent of mite species has not been investigated so far. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influence of exposure to the major house dust mite (HDM) allergens Der p 1 and Der f 1 on sensitization, respiratory symptoms, and especially on eczema and related skin symptoms in 6-7-year-old children. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study in Augsburg (Bavaria, Germany) 1669 school beginners (mean age 6.5 years) were investigated in 1996. The concentrations of Der p 1 and Der f 1 were measured in dust samples from mattresses of 1081 children by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The prevalence of atopy-related health outcomes was assessed by questionnaire, dermatological examination, skin prick testing and determination of specific serum IgE concentrations by radioallergosorbent test. Information about covariates was taken from questionnaires and interview data. Logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding. RESULTS: The mean concentrations of Der p 1 and Der f 1 were 0.68 and 0.79 microg g(-1) dust, respectively. The relationship between the two species-specific allergens in individual homes was poor (Pearson correlation 0.2). Influencing variables were bedroom-sharing (Der p 1) and social status of the parents (Der f 1). Respiratory diseases were positively associated with both allergen concentrations [odds ratio (OR) between 1.1 and 2.6]. These associations were significant for sneezing attacks (Der p 1 and Der f 1). Reported prevalence of current (in the last 12 months) itchy skin rash was significantly associated with exposure to Der f 1 only (OR 2.4, P < 0.003); also a diagnosis of atopic eczema on the day of investigation was positively associated with Der f 1 only (OR 1.8, P = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS: Studies on the effects of HDM exposure on eczema and allergies should consider specific effects of different mite species. This might have implications on assessment of allergen exposure and consecutive prevention or therapeutic measures.

Allergens↗

PubMed1975

A radioimmunoassay for chemically modified grass pollen allergen.

Because of the physicochemical properties of tyrosine adsorbed chemically modified grass pollen allergens neither the human skin test in atopic volunteers nor the inhibition of the radioallergosorbent test are suitable assay procedures. Radioimmunoassays involving a labelled IgG fraction of rabbit antisera to the modified materials can be developed. The dilution inherent in the solubilisation procedure for the tyrosine does not, in most cases, take the antigen concentration below the level of sensitivity of the assay. Assay of different batches of Pollinex with an inhibition assay shows that discernment of different dose levels is possible. The results are compared with a method of assaying total protein.

Allergens↗

PubMed1985

Three cases of hemodialysis-associated hypersensitivity reactions.

According to the United States Food and Drug Administration, untoward reactions to capillary hemodialyzers occur at a rate of 3.5 of every 100,000 dialyzers sold. Allergic symptoms immediately after initiation of dialysis consist of burning retrosternal pain, sensation of diffuse heat, cold perspiration, periorbital and facial edema, flushing, laryngeal stridor, bronchial hypersecretion, hypotension, bradycardia, and loss of consciousness. In 1982 Popli et al. reported four patients suffering from such allergic manifestations; three were successfully managed after being taken off dialysis. These investigators thought that inadequate rinsing of cuprammonium cellulose capillary dialyzers was responsible for the reactions, and recommended rinsing the blood compartment with 2 liters of normal saline, and the dialysate compartment with 10 liters of dialysate, both in a single-pass fashion over 20 minutes. Nichols and Platts (1982) (3) reported 15 patients with urticaria, severe bronchospasm, and shock occurring immediately after the blood had been returned from the dialyzer. These authors suggested that the sterilizing agent, ethylene oxide (ETO), was responsible. Poothullil et al. (1975) (4) described a patient with pruritus, severe dyspnea, and hypotension during dialysis. On the basis of a positive skin prick test (dermal reaction to ETO-exposed human albumin) and of antigen-induced histamine release from peripheral leucocytes, these workers suggested that ETO was responsible for the allergic reactions. Marshall et al. (1984) (5) reported that 8.9% of hemodialysis patients had positive skin tests to ETO and that 12.1% were ETO-radioallergosorbent test (RAST) positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Serologic and skin test diagnosis of birch pollen allergy with recombinant Bet v 1, the chief allergen of birch].

BACKGROUND: Type I allergy represents a severe health problem in industrialized countries where up to 20% of the population suffers from allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis and allergic asthma bronchiale and in severe cases from anaphylaxis, leading to death. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate recombinant Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen for in vivo and in vitro diagnosis of birch pollen allergy. METHODS: A group of 51 birch pollen allergic patients and eight non-allergic control individuals were tested for birch pollen allergy by skin-prick and intradermal testing, comparing commercial birch pollen extracts with recombinant Bet v 1. Quantitative and qualitative serological testing was done with natural and recombinant allergens by radioallergosorbent test (RAST), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. RESULTS: Recombinant Bet v 1 allowed accurate in vivo and in vitro diagnosis of tree pollen allergy in 49/51 patients tested. No false positive results were obtained in any in vitro assay system (ELISA, Westernblot) or by skin testing (skin-prick, intradermal test) with recombinant Bet v 1. CONCLUSION: Our results document that recombinant Bet v 1 produced in bacterial expression systems allows accurate in vitro and in vivo diagnosis of birch pollen allergy in > 95% of birch pollen allergic patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-mediated histamine release from human nasal mucosa.

OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the existence and localization of monocyte chemotactic and activating factor or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCAF/MCP-1) in human nasal mucosa and to verify its activity as a histamine-releasing factor. DESIGN: Detection of MCAF/MCP-1 in culture supernatants of nasal mucosa using Western blot analysis and assay of histamine release from basophils induced by these culture supernatants. Detection of MCAF/MCP-1 expression in nasal mucosa of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis using immunohistochemistry. PATIENTS: Twenty-one patients with house dust mite allergy, 7 nonallergic patients, and 5 patients with chronic inflammatory sinusitis participated in the study. All the allergic patients had positive test results for mite nasal allergy, detected by a clinical history, a nasal provocation test, and determination of specific mite IgE antibodies by a radioallergosorbent test. RESULTS: In Western blot analysis of supernatants of explant culture of human nasal mucosa, the band corresponding to approximately 13 to 15 kd was observed. This band was considered to be MCAF/MCP-1. These supernatants induced histamine release from basophils (approximately 3%-5% in net histamine release), and anti-MCAF/MCP-1 antibody inhibited this histamine-releasing activity. Immunoreactivity of MCAF/MCP-1 was observed in the nasal submucosa but not in the epithelium. Immunoreactive cells of MCAF/MCP-1 were also stained with the antibody, which recognizes monocytes and macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MCAF/MCP-1, which is produced constantly by monocytes and macrophages and is stored in human nasal mucosa, possibly participates in the protracted histamine release from basophils and in the pathogenesis of perennial allergic rhinitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Adverse reactions associated with echinacea: the Australian experience.

BACKGROUND: Fifty percent of Australians use complementary and alternative medicines (other than vitamins) in any 12-month period, of which echinacea-containing products are increasingly popular. Recent reports have highlighted the risk of allergic reactions to complementary medicines in atopic patients. OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics of adverse reactions linked to use of the popular herbal remedy echinacea. METHODS: Five privately referred patients were evaluated by the authors in their office practice via skin prick testing (SPT) on the volar aspect of the forearm and radioallergosorbent test after adverse reactions to echinacea. As there was little published information on adverse reactions to echinacea, reports to the Australian Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee were reviewed. Those suggestive of possible allergic reactions were evaluated in greater detail by anonymously surveying the healthcare professionals who had reported the cases and from one unreported case. Serum was collected for further analysis where possible. RESULTS: Five cases of adverse reactions to echinacea were personally evaluated by the authors. Two patients suffered anaphylaxis and a third had an acute asthma attack 10 minutes after their first ever dose of echinacea. The fourth patient suffered recurrent episodes of mild asthma each time echinacea was ingested, and the fifth developed a maculopapular rash within 2 days of ingestion which recurred when rechallenged. Three of the patients had positive SPT results. Three reported repeated spontaneous "challenges" and symptoms after further ingestion of echinacea. Fifty-one Australian adverse drug reports implicating echinacea were also reviewed. There were 26 cases suggestive of possible immunoglobulin E-mediated hypersensitivity (4 anaphylaxis, 12 acute asthma, 10 urticaria/angioedema). Of these 26 patients, age ranged from 2 to 58 years, 78% were female and >50% were known to be atopic. Four were hospitalized, 4 reacted after their first known exposure, and 1 patient suffered multiple progressive systemic reactions. Twenty percent of 100 atopic subjects who had never taken echinacea also had positive SPT results to this substance when tested by one of the authors in his office practice. CONCLUSION: Some atopic subjects have positive SPT results to echinacea in the absence of known exposure. Atopic subjects are also overrepresented in those experiencing reactions to echinacea. The possibility that cross-reactivity between echinacea and other environmental allergens may trigger allergic reactions in "echinacea-naïve" subjects is supported by the Australian data. Given its widespread (and largely unsupervised) community use, even rare adverse events become inevitable. Atopic patients should be cautioned appropriately.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Pet sensitivities in asthmatic children.

A history of pet contact and/or apparent clinical sensitivity was obtained in 65 (55%) of 118 unselected asthmatic children. These 65 children were skin tested and their sera examined for specific IgE using the radioallergosorbent test. Those children who had apparent clinical sensitivities had larger skin test reactions and were more likely to have positive specific IgE results than those without apparent sensitivities. Positive skin tests were very common (80%), but the larger the skin test reaction (weal diameter greater than 4 mm diameter) the more likely was there to be a positive history or a positive specific IgE result. Hence a large skin test reaction can provide a helpful pointer to animal allergy of clinical importance. Commercially available animal extracts have limitations for diagnostic tests. A questionnaire survey of 150 day schools emphasized the potential opportunities for contact with animal allergens at school.

Allergens↗

PubMed1985

Relationship between housing environment and allergic symptoms of children using ATS-DLD questionnaires.

Using pupils in three areas with different environmental factors (Suginami-ku, Tokyo: Aikawa-machi, Kanagawa prefecture: and Shimizu-shi, Shizuoka prefecture) as subjects, respiratory symptoms and domestic environment were surveyed by meams of the American Thoratic Society-Division of Lung Disease (ATS-DLD) questionnaires together with measurement of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) by the radioimmunosorbent test (RIST) and specific mite and cedar IgE by the radioallergosorbent test (RAST), as well as the relationship between "allergic symptoms" as designated in the ATS-DLD questionnaire and housing structure. The following knowledge was obtained. According to the ATS-DLD standardized questionnaires for prevalence of respiratory symptoms and allergic symptoms, Aikawa showed a significantly low value of 8.5% (p less than 0.001) compared with 15.8% for Suginami and 15.7% for Shimizu, referring to allergic rhinitis only. The positive rate of 300 U/ml and over of total IgE was 55.5% in Suginami, 49.1% in Shimizu and 40.4% in Aikawa. Aikawa showed the lowest the positive rate of total IgE in allergic symptoms. The housing was classified into three types according to the original structure each of which had characteristic ventilation rates. The positive rates according to the housing structure showed no differences by areas for Type A (wooden house) with good ventilation, but for Types B (mortar frame house) and C (steel reinforced frame house) with airtight structures, the rates increased in the order of Aikawa less than Shimizu less than Suginami, and a significant difference was observed between Aikawa and Suginami (p less than 0.01). However, in the same area no difference was noted between Type A and Types B and C. No difference in the positive rate of allergic experiences by housing structure, was noted among areas and housing structures in the same area for the group not experiencing allergic symptoms (A. Inexp. Group), while no difference was noted for Type A but the rates were high in the order of 60.0% in Aikawa, 65.2% in Shimizu and 75.3% in Suginami for Types B and C in the group experiencing allergic symptoms (A. Exp. Group). Furthermore, in the same area when the Type A was compared with Types B and C, the latter showed a higher positive rate than the formar in all three areas, with a significant difference (p less than 0.05) noted in Suginami.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed1978

Radioallergosorbent and indirect fluorescent antibody tests in immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis.

Radioallergosorbent tests for specific IgE antibodies to Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni were positive in 82 and 72%, respectively, of sera from 136 African schistosomiasis patients. 99% of sera from controls (5 free of parasitic disease, 75 infested with hookworm, Ascaris, Trichuris, and/or Onchocerca) were negative. When titres in indirect fluorescent antibody tests were set at the same level of specificity only 38% of patients' sera were positive. A cut-off at a higher concentration increased sensitivity to 65% but lowered specificity (10% controls positive).

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Development of specific immunoglobulin E in coughing toddlers: a medical records review of symptoms in general practice.

The aim of this study was to study whether young children, originally immunoglobulin E (IgE) negative and who became sensitized to specific inhalation allergens, presented more frequently to their general practitioner (GP) with other allergy- and asthma-related symptoms than children who remained IgE negative. It was also investigated whether asthma was diagnosed more often in children who developed IgE to inhalant allergens. Coughing children, 1-5 years of age, visiting the participating GPs, were tested for IgE antibodies to mites, dogs, and cats by using radioallergosorbent testing (RAST). All IgE-negative (RAST < 0.2 IU/ml) children were re-tested after 2 years. The medical records of 162 children were reviewed on asthma- and allergy-related symptoms and on prescribed medication. After 30 months, 27 of the 162 children (17%) had become IgE positive for one or more allergens. Most children (93%) had visited their GP for treatment of respiratory symptoms during this period. However, the children who had become IgE positive had visited their GP more often than the children who remained IgE negative. Differences in visits were seen for: shortness of breath (52% IgE-positive vs. 19% IgE-negative children, respectively), wheeze (37% vs. 17%), allergic rhinitis (33% vs. 16%), and pneumonia (22% vs. 8%), but not for coughing (89% vs. 88%). The IgE-positive children were more frequently diagnosed by their GP as having asthma (48%) than were the IgE-negative children (23%). In a multivariate analysis, indicators of becoming IgE positive were: a visit for shortness of breath (odds ratio [OR] = 6.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.1-23.1) and two or more visits for wheeze (OR = 6.0; 95% CI = 1.9-19.2), adjusted for breast-feeding, age, and asthma or allergy in the family. The positive predictive value (PPV) of being IgE positive with a diagnosis of asthma was 90% (whereas the negative predictive value was 48.0%) for a child attending their GP for treatment of wheeze. For recurrent coughing (six or more visits) and shortness of breath, the PPVs were 73% and 71%, respectively. The development of sensitization to common inhalant allergens is associated with specific allergy and asthma-related symptoms in young children. IgE-positive children were more frequently diagnosed as having asthma by their GP. This implies that in general practice it is possible to detect children at high risk for developing allergic asthma early in life by their respiratory symptoms and by subsequent testing for specific IgE to inhalant allergens.

Allergens↗

PubMed1983

Asthma due to Central American walnut (Juglans olanchana) dust.

The purpose of our study was to describe a case of asthma due to Central American walnut (Juglans olanchana) dust and to ascertain whether an IgE antibody mechanism was implicated. The subject was a 48-year-old man who developed asthma following exposure to Central American walnut dust. Although intradermal testing with an aqueous extract of walnut dust produced no response, inhalation challenge with the extract produced significant bronchoconstriction. Another asthmatic person exposed to the wood dust had a positive skin test, but did not respond to the bronchial challenge. A direct radioallergosorbent test (RAST) on both subjects showed no evidence of serum IgE antibodies to Central American walnut dust. Consequently, the mechanism responsible for the sensitivity to the walnut dust remains unknown.

Asthma↗

PubMed1983

Isotopic and enzymatic IgE assays in non-allergic subjects.

In order to establish normal values in an adult population for serum IgE concentration, sera were obtained from 446 ambulatory Canadian caucasian subjects with negative allergy histories. A standard isotopic procedure, the Phadebas paper radioimmunosorbent test (PRIST), was compared with the new enzymatic counterpart, the Phadezyme PRIST. By the isotopic method, serum IgE concentrations in women and men were comparable from one age group to another with no age-related trend in the seven age groups examined (15-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, above 70). The median and 95th percentile units (U)/ml respectively were 17.5 and 145 for 224 women and 25.5 and 275 for 222 men. Mean values +/- 1 SD for women were 43 +/- 102 and for men, 58 +/- 137. Levels were significantly higher in men as a group. Sera with IgE concentrations above 100 U and a sampling of additional sera were tested for specific IgE antibodies to 13 common allergens by the radioallergosorbent test (RAST). After exclusion of RAST-positive sera, the mean U/ml values +/- 1 SD were 22 +/- 29 for 204 women and 37 +/- 54 for 196 men. Geometric mean U/ml values for these sera were 14.6 for women and 22.3 for men and the median and 95th percentile U/ml respectively for the women were 15 and 66, for the men, 24 and 135. These 95th percentile values are considered the upper limits of normal in this population. The RAST identification of antibodies to allergens to which sensitization was demonstrated provided a potential explanation for serum IgE concentrations above 100 U/ml in less than 30% of the sera in this population with negative allergy histories. The isotopic method and the counterpart enzymatic method (Phadezyme PRIST) were highly comparable; the correlation coefficient (r) for all the sera was +0.93 (P less than 0.001). IgE levels were significantly higher in male smokers than non-smokers by both methods but these differences were not significant in women.

Female↗

PubMed1991

Tolerance to aztreonam in patients allergic to beta-lactam antibiotics.

To evaluate the safe use of aztreonam (AZT) in patients allergic to penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics we studied 29 patients from a group of subjects allergic to beta-lactams, diagnosed by presenting systemic reactions after skin tests or challenge tests. Skin tests with benzylpenicilloyl (BPO), benzylpenicilloate, benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephamandole and AZT, radioallergosorbent test (RAST) to BPO and AZT, RAST inhibition and challenge tests were performed. One patient was skin test-positive to AZT, another patient was RAST AZT-positive. IgE antibodies were specific to AZT as demonstrated by RAST inhibition studies with AZT coupled to epsilon-amino caproic acid. Nevertheless, AZT was unable to inhibit either a pool of sera or individual sera positive to BPO. Although all our 29 patients tolerated the administration of AZT (including those with skin test or RAST positive) and AZT appears to be safe in these subjects, this does not indicate that all beta-lactam-allergic patients tolerate AZT administration.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1979

A modified sandwich technique for the measurement of IgE.

The paper radioimmunosorbent test (PRIST) has been described as the method of choice for determining low serum IgE levels; the radioimmunosorbent test (RIST) as the method of choice for determining normal and elevated serum IgE levels. By replacing the 125I-labelled anti-IgE antibody used in the paper radioimmunosorbent test by the 125I-labelled anti-IgE reagent used in radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and by changing the serum dilution and the incubation time, this modified sandwich technique (MST) became comparable to the RIST in the normal and elevated IgE-region and showed results similar to the PRIST in the very low IgE-region. The affinity of the 125I-labelled anti-IgE of the RAST proved to be about 2.6 times higher than the antibody used in the PRIST, which explains the improved results in the normal and the good results in the very low IgE-region. The lowest serum IgE level measurable by this method was as low as 0.05 I.U./ml, as determined in 20 cord sera. The mean IgE level in cord sera was 0.45 I.U./ml (range 0.05--2.63 I.U./ml). The results of this study suggest replacement of the antiserum used in PRIST by the one available for RAST.

Asthma↗

PubMed2001

Commercial availability of a house dust mite patch test.

The house dust mite long has been studied for its potential role in atopic dermatitis. Its part in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergic rhinitis has been studied and is accepted. Testing for the dust mite allergen in this arena is performed with radioallergosorbent tests (RASTs) and prick testing. For several reasons, including the lack of a standardized testing tool, the difficulty in removing dust from the environment and the lack of association of dust and skin disease by patients, the role of the house dust mite in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and skin disease has been questioned. Chemotechnique Diagnostics (Malmo, Sweden) now provides a standardized dust mite allergen in petrolatum in 2 concentrations. Dermatophagoides mix is a 50:50 mix of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae at concentrations of 20% and 30%. The availability of a standardized patch test allergen for the house dust mite provides a better tool to investigate the role of this allergen as a contactant.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Association between latex sensitization and repeated latex exposure in children.

BACKGROUND: Children with spina bifida are at greater risk for latex and ethylene oxide sensitization. The authors' aim in this study was to evaluate the role of previous surgical procedures in the development of sensitization to latex and ethylene oxide. METHODS: The authors investigated 80 children 1-16 yr old, separated into 3 groups. Two groups had a history of 3 or more general anesthetics: 29 children had spina bifida (spina bifida group) and 31 had undergone multiple surgeries for another disease (multiple surgeries group). A control group of 20 children had undergone less than 1 anesthetic. Clinical manifestations with latex, perioperative anaphylactic reactions, and number of previous anesthetics were recorded. Skin prick tests with a commercial extract of latex, four common inhalant allergens, and radioallergosorbent test to latex and ethylene oxide were performed. RESULTS: The three groups did not differ significantly with respect to age, sex, and atopic status. Mean number of anesthetics was comparable in the spina bifida and the multiple surgeries group. Latex sensitization was common in the spina bifida group (59%) and in the multiple surgeries group (55%) but not in the control group (0%, P < 0.05). Ethylene oxide sensitization was significantly more frequent in the spina bifida group than in the multiple surgeries group (44% vs. 19%; P = 0.052) and strongly associated with latex sensitization. Mean number of previous anesthetics was greater in children sensitized to latex (8.4 vs. 3.9; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Results suggest that it is the number of surgical procedures rather than spina bifida per se that is related to sensitization to latex.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Occupational asthma and IgE antibodies to reactive dyes.

Reactive dyes have been widely used in recent years. This paper reports nine cases of immediate type occupational asthma to reactive dyes in one dye industry. All patients had had asthmatic symptoms, four had had rhinitis and they had worked for 6 to 25 months. Skin prick tests with reactive dyes were positive and bronchoprovocation tests also produced immediate or dual types of bronchoconstriction. We used the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) technique with nitrocellulose filter paper as a solid phase to detect specific IgE to four reactive dye-human serum albumin conjugates. High specific IgE binding was found in eight asthmatic workers compared with 13 negative controls. The RAST inhibition test revealed that there was no immunological cross-reactivity between 4 reactive dyes. These results suggested that the mechanism of their asthmatic symptoms was immunological, mostly an IgE-mediate reaction.

Adult↗