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PubMed2002

The microbiota of young children from tooth and tongue samples.

This study determined the frequency with which 38 microbial species were detected in 171 randomly selected children from 6 to 36 months of age. Children were sampled and dental caries measured. Oral samples were assayed by means of a checkerboard DNA probe assay. The detection frequencies from tongue samples in children under 18 mos were: S. mutans 70%, S. sobrinus 72%, P. gingivalis 23%, B. forsythus 11%, and A. actinomycetemcomitans 30%, with similar detection frequencies in children over 18 mos. Thus, S. mutans and the periodontal pathogens, P. gingivalis and B. forsythus, were detected even in the youngest subjects. Species associated with caries included S. mutans (children ages 18-36 mos) and A. israelii (children ages < 18 mos), the latter species possibly reflecting increased plaque in children with caries. Species detection from tooth and tongue samples was highly associated, with most species detected more frequently from tongue than from tooth samples in children under 18 mos, suggesting that the tongue was a potential microbial reservoir.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗

PubMed1988

Inhibition of plaque formation and plaque acidogenicity by zinc and chlorhexidine combinations.

Zinc ions and chlorhexidine (CH) were found to exhibit a synergistic inhibitory effect on in vitro growth of S. sobrinus OMZ 176 and of S. sanguis 10556. A clinical mouthrinsing experiment was performed in a group of 10 volunteers to assess the plaque-inhibiting capacity of this combination. Sucrose enhanced plaque accumulations were assessed (Plaque Index, Silness & Löe) after 4 days of twice daily mouthrinses with 10 ml aqueous solutions of either 10.0 mM zinc or 0.55 mM CH, or with a combination of zinc ions and CH, during which period no mechanical toothcleaning was performed. The Zn-CH combination showed improved inhibition properties compared to the individual agents. The effects on plaque acidogenicity of 8.0 mM zinc, 0.44 mM CH, and of zinc and CH in combination were also assessed in a test panel of five volunteers. The Zn-CH combination inhibited acid production by dental plaque significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) more than the individual agents 1 h 30 min after a single rinse.

Chlorhexidine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[In vitro utilization of fructooligosaccharide by streptococci mutans].

Neosugar is the trade name of a fructooligosaccharide (FOS) whose utilization by oral bacteria is not well known yet. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of this product on the growth, fermentation and production of plaque by mutans streptococci: S. mutans, serotypes c, e and f, S. sobrinus, serotype d, S. downei, serotype h, S. cricetus, serotype a and S. rattus, serotype b. The evaluation of growth was carried out in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broths containing or not sucrose and FOS and in buffered broths having glucose or FOS as carbon sources, through optical density reading in spectrophotometer after 24 hours of incubation at 37 degrees C. Thereafter the reading of pH was made in the same media. The plaque produced on glass sticks in BHI broths containing 5% sucrose or FOS was weighed and carbohydrates and proteins were assayed. The possible cariogenicity of Neosugar was confirmed, since it sustained the same growth and intensity of fermentation of sucrose in BHI broth for all streptococci and permitted in vitro production of plaque by some of them. The amount of plaque as well as its content of proteins and carbohydrates were smaller than those produced with sucrose, although the difference was statistically significant only for carbohydrates.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Feasibility of eradication of mutans streptococci from oral cavities.

OBJECTIVES: Dental caries prevention programs using chlorhexidine (CHX) have been proposed, but CHX's effect in reducing levels of mutans streptococci (S. mutans and S. sobrinus) appears to last for only a few months. The aim of this study was to attempt to eradicate mutans streptococci from the oral cavity using intensive professional mechanical tooth cleaning (PMTC) and topical application of CHX in custom-made trays. METHODS: Seven adult dentate subjects participated in this study (mean age 53.7+/-5.6, age range 46 to 62, mean DMFT, 9.1+/-4.2). For each subject, PMTC was carried out eight times within ten days. After each PMTC, 1% CHX was applied twice to the tooth surface using custom-made trays. In addition, as home treatment, subjects were required to carry out tooth brushing three times a day, and apply 0.2% CHX in custom trays after brushing in the morning and evening. In addition, subjects rinsed with 0.2% CHX solution after lunch. Salivary levels of mutans streptococci were evaluated using Dentocult-SM at baseline and on days 9, 20, 70, 120. RESULTS: Mutans streptococci were eradicated by day 120 from 4 of the 7 seven subjects participating in this study. Those 3 subjects still harboring mutans streptococci exhibited deep periodontal pocketing. CONCLUSIONS: Eradication of mutans streptococci from the oral cavity is feasible using a combination of CHX application in custom-made trays and intensive PMTC.

Aged↗