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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Correlation between monoclonal antibody reactivity and expression of CD4 and CD8 alpha genes in the horse.

Equine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were enriched by positive selection using panning with a mixture of monoclonal antibodies against putative equine CD4 (Equine Leucocyte Antigen Workshop antibodies WS 1 and WS 72), or CD8 molecules (Workshop antibodies WS 12, WS 49, and WS 74). RNA was extracted from CD4 enriched cells (99% purity), from CD8 enriched cells (69% purity), from peripheral blood lymphocytes, and from neonatal equine thymus. RNA extracted from equine granulocytes and from equine kidney served as negative control. The RNA was electrophoresed in agarose and transferred to nylon membranes. Northern blots were hybridized with human and mouse cDNA probes for CD4 and CD8 alpha. The human CD4 probe detected a 2.9 kb RNA transcript in equine PBL, CD4 enriched lymphocytes, and thymocytes. The human CD8 alpha probe detected a 2.0 kb transcript in RNA from equine CD8 alpha enriched lymphocytes and thymocytes, but not from PBL or CD4 enriched lymphocytes. Mouse cDNA probes for CD4 and CD8 did not react with equine RNA. Results of hybridizations using the human probes support the assignment of the CD4 and CD8 specificities to the antibodies listed above. The results also suggest that the equine CD4 and CD8 alpha genes are more closely related to the human than to the murine counterparts.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

A new murine oxidative stress model associated with senescence.

A murine oxidative stress model was established via ozone inhalation, which was identified by detection of the response of antioxidant defense system, levels of oxidative products and effects of natural antioxidants on this model. Male BALB/c mice were exposed to 1.2 mg/m(3) ozone for 10 h per day. The control group was exposed to flowing air. From inhaling ozone, mice were killed at day 5, 10, 15 and 20, respectively. Exposure to ozone made mice show the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in heart, kidney and liver, as well as 8-OHdG levels in urine, and resulted in cytological nuclear concentration in brain neurons or thymocytes. Ozone exposure also impaired antioxidative capacity such as the decrease of total antioxidation capacity (TAC) in sera, reduced glutathione (GSH) in sera or thymus and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in spleen or thymus but not in liver. Correlation analysis showed the significant inverse correlation (r=-0.894, P<0.05) between thymus weight index and inhalation doses of ozone. Meanwhile, thymocyte in model mice proliferated more poorly than normal controls. Catechin and clove extract could reverse parts of changes above induced by ozone inhalation. These results suggest that exposure to ozone can result in an increased production of reactive oxygen species in vivo, which causes oxidative stress. The mice under oxidative stress showed senescence-related alterations in physiological parameters as well. Taken together, our data demonstrates that an oxidative stress model in mice has been successfully established by ozone inhalation, which would be helpful to probe the relationship between oxidative stress and senescence and evaluate effects of antioxidants.

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
PubMed1989

[Genital vulvar lichen sclerosis in 2 siblings].

Lichen sclerosus of the vulva mainly occurs in older women, but shows another peak of incidence at the age just before puberty. The etiology of the disease, which is characterized by firm atrophy, is not known. There are some hints for a genetic disposition, such as a certain constellation of HLA and familial incidence. Our present case report is concerned with the clinical course of vulval lichen sclerosus in sisters, which had almost simultaneously developed. In both cases, the disease was successfully treated with a cream containing thyme extract; there were no side effects.

Atrophy↗
PubMed2002

Does prophylactic treatment with proteolytic enzymes reduce acute toxicity of adjuvant pelvic irradiation? Results of a double-blind randomized trial.

PURPOSE: Does prophylactic treatment with proteolytic enzymes reduce acute toxicity of adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy? MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-six patients with an indication for adjuvant pelvic irradiation after curative surgery were double-blind randomized. All patients took 3 x 4 capsules study medication daily during radiotherapy. Twenty-eight patients in the enzyme group (EG) received capsules containing papain, trypsin and chymotrypsin, 28 in the placebo group (PG) received placebo capsules. All patients were irradiated with 5 x 1.8 Gy weekly to 50.4 Gy using four-field-box technique after CT-based planning. Primary objective was the grade of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and epitheliolysis during radiotherapy. Secondary objectives were the number of supportive medications and treatment interruptions due to acute toxicity. RESULTS: None/mild diarrhea: 43% EG, 64% PG. Moderate/severe diarrhea: 57% EG, 36% PG (P = 0.11). Mean duration: 11 days in EG, 10 days in PG. None/mild nausea: 93% EG, 93% PG. Moderate/severe nausea: 7% EG, 7% PG. None/mild vomiting: 100% EG, 97% PG. None/mild fatigue: 82% EG, 93% PG. Moderate/severe fatigue: 18% EG, 7% PG (P = 0.23). None/mild epitheliolysis: 75% EG, 93% PG. Moderate/severe epitheliolysis: 25% EG, 7% PG (P = 0.16). Treatment interruption (mean days): 2.44 in EG, 1.46 in PG. Number of supportive medication: 29 in EG, 19 in PG. CONCLUSIONS: The prophylactic use of proteolytic enzymes does not reduce acute toxicities, treatment interruptions and number of supportive medication and therefore does not improve tolerance of adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy.

Chymotrypsin↗
PubMed1989

Do active substances of the thymus influence the processes of aging? I. Effects of treatment with embryonal and early fetal thymic calf extracts (ETCE) on some organs of grown-up young mice.

Our previous investigations indicated that embryonal and early fetal thymic calf extracts (ETCE), unlike those obtained from adult thymus, cause lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia, counteract anaphylactic shocks and prolong the survival of allografts and xenografts in adult rodents. This paper presents the level of unsaturated fatty acid peroxides and the morphology of some organs in adult mice treated parenterally with ETCE. ETCE treatment resulted in the fall in the level of cerebral and splenic unsaturated fatty acid peroxides. Histology of thymus, liver and spleen in mice injected with ETCE remained similar to that of corresponding neonatal mouse organs. Experimental results, supplemented by such previous observations as longevity of some animals treated with ETCE, disappearance of presbyopia and climacteric symptoms in people treated with embryonal thymus per os, suggest that active substances produced by embryonal and early fetal thymus not only affect the immunological system but also interfere with the processes of organ differentiation and aging.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase containing megadalton complex from young rat thymus nuclei: identification and characterization.

Nuclear matrix prepared from 2-3 week old rat thymuses contains tightly bound TdT activity which has been quantitatively solubilized with nonionic detergent and sonication. TdT is contained in a discrete complex with a sedimentation value of 23 S. The complex is retained on an anti-TdT antibody column and contains DNA ligase and 3'-5' exonuclease activities as well as DNA and several other proteins but is devoid of replicative DNA polymerases. Such a type of multienzyme complex is absent from the nuclear extracts of thymus prepared from older rats and also from liver and spleen extracts of young and old rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Rat thymus: demonstration of specific thyroxine receptors in nuclear extract.

Nuclear protein fraction from the nuclei of rat thymus was prepared by extraction in 0.4 mol l-1 NaCl and the presence of saturable thyroxine binding sites was demonstrated. Scatchard analysis revealed one class of high affinity binding sites with Ka = 4.15 X 10(9) 1 mol-1, the maximum binding capacity (expressed as number of ligand molecules per mg of protein) of 5.56 +/- 1.37 X 10(10), was found. Amino acid composition (expressed as mumol per mg of protein) of acid hydrolyzates of rat thymus and liver crude "receptors" for thyroid hormones is presented. The results show that the nuclear protein fraction of thymus, responsible for thyroid hormone binding shows some basic characteristics of non-histone proteins and differs in concentration of lysine, histidine, aspartic acid, proline, methionine and slightly in concentration of glycine, isoleucine and phenylalanine from that obtained from the liver. The data suggest that the rat thymus might be considered as a target tissue for thyroxine.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

Intracisternal A-particle gene expression in normal mouse thymus tissue: gene products and strain-related variability.

Intracisternal A-particle (IAP)-specific sequences were 5- to 10-fold enriched in polyadenylated RNA from BALB/cJ thymus as compared with RNAs from liver, spleen, and kidney. The major transcripts of 7.2 and 5.4 kilobases were the same size as those found in an IAP-rich neuroblastoma cell line. The absolute levels and proportions of these transcripts varied in thymuses from mice of different inbred strains. With antiserum prepared against p73, the main IAP structural protein, several size classes of IAP-related proteins were immunoprecipitated from extracts of thymus cells incubated with [35S]methionine; these included p73 itself and a group of polypeptides in the size range of 114 to 120 kilodaltons (p114-p120). The inbred strains showed marked characteristic differences in the electrophoretic patterns of their IAP-related proteins. Earlier studies showed that the 7.2-kilobase RNA from neuroblastoma IAPs coded for p73 in a cell-free translation system. Correlations between the RNA and protein patterns in thymuses of the different inbred strains indicated that 5.4-kilobase RNA gives rise to the p114-p120 polypeptides. Metabolically labeled p120 was found to include methionine-containing tryptic peptides of p73 plus additional peptides consistent with its larger size. In vivo labeling kinetics showed that the p114-p120 polypeptides were not major precursors of p73 in intact neuroblastoma cells. This study shows that IAP gene expression in mouse thymus is genetically determined and that a novel class of IAP-related polypeptides can be expressed independently of the major particle structural protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effects of thymectomy on the endocrine glands of the rat.

The effects of thymectomy on the thyroid gland, the adrenal cortex, the testes and the lymph nodes of the rat follow the same pattern as those observed in guinea pigs but in a very attenuated form. Thymectomized rats do not show the wasting observed in thymectomized guinea pigs. The effects on the adenohypophysis are approximately the same in rats and guinea pigs, but the sequence of the changes is different. Injections of thymic extract or of presumably pure thymic hormone suppressed all the effects of thymectomy on the endocrine glands of the rat. In rats, thymic hormone was found in the thymus, the lymph nodes and the spleen. It disappeared from the lymph nodes and the spleen within three days of thymectomy and did not reappear, although most of the changes in the endocrine glands were transitory. The implications of the observations for understanding the consequences of thymectomy are discussed.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1988

Chicken mucin-cross-reactive antigen.

We have previously described a chicken heterophile antigenic determinant (CHAD-1) shared by Mycobacterium smegmatis and chicken tissues. We then demonstrated that CHAD-1 is present on several chicken glycoproteins and that its immunoreactive domains are highly branched asparagine-linked oligosaccharides terminating in N-acetylglucosamine residues. In the present study, we have shown that CHAD-1 is also expressed by mucin purified to homogeneity from a soluble mucus of chicken intestine. Another antigen found on chicken mucin is a chicken mucin-cross-reactive antigen (CMCRA). Antisera to this antigen were produced by immunization of rabbits with an enriched preparation of CHAD-1 isolated from the bursa of Fabricius. These antisera were absorbed with Mycobacterium smegmatis (to block the anti-CHAD-1 antibody) and with chicken serum, and then used for immunoperoxidase staining of chicken tissue sections for CMCRA. The latter antigen was detected in most medullary cells of the bursa, in epithelial cells and Hassal's corpuscles of the thymus, and in mucus-producing cells of the intestine, esophagus, trachea, and bronchi. Using Western immunoblot analysis, we demonstrated that CMCRA is expressed by a number of polypeptides extracted from bursal lymphoid cells. These polypeptides could not be detected in extracts of thymus, spleen, peripheral blood or bone marrow mononuclear cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Antinuclear antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis and immunoblotting.

Traditionally, the method used mostly to identify antinuclear antibody (ANA) specificities is the counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique (CIE), in which a salt extract of rabbit thymus powder (so-called extractable nuclear antigen or ENA) serves as the source of antigen. Recently, the immunoblotting technique (IBT) has been introduced in the serology of antinuclear antibodies. A nuclear extract of HeLa cells is generally used as antigen in this method. In this paper, we compared both methods using sera of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Only anti-Sm, anti-RNP, and Anti-SSB were taken into consideration, as the former technique only allowed the identification of these specificities. Within these restrictions, we found that, of 77 patients with SLE, 21 had CIE-detectable antibodies in their circulation and 29 IBT-detectable antibodies. Anti-RNP and anti-SSB were detected more frequently with the CIE than with the IBT; anti-Sm, on the other hand, was detected more frequently with the IBT than with the CIE. Several significant correlations were found between incidences of measured antibody specificities and disease features. The presence of anti-RNP (both if measured with the IBT or with the CIE) was found to be negatively correlated with nephritis. If measured with the IBT, the presence of anti-Sm correlated negatively with hematological disorders, and the presence of anti-SSB correlated positively with renal involvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1986

[Experimental study on the splenic factor influencing hepatic regeneration].

The splenic factor influencing hepatic regeneration was investigated by using primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. The uptake of 3H-thymidine into DNA (DNA synthesis) of primary cultured hepatocytes reached maximum at 48 hours after initiation of incubation both in a splenic-extract added group and in a control-solution added group and the former showed significantly lower level (p less than 0.005) of uptake than did the latter. And the 3H-thymidine uptake was lower in a splenic venous serum added group than in an aortic or an inferior vena cava serum added group. This splenic DNA synthesis inhibiting activity was labile against heat and lost activity by trypsinization. Furthermore, when the splenic extract was subjected to gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column, DNA synthesis-inhibiting activity was observed in a certain fraction alone, and its molecular weight was estimated to be 50,000-60,000 daltons. Although extracts from thymus, lymph node and kidney also inhibited the uptake of 3H-thymidine, these DNA synthesis-inhibiting activities showed lower levels than that was shown in the splenic-extract added group. From these results, it is likely that a protein-like substance inhibiting hepatic regeneration is present in the spleen.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lymphocyte chalone from calf thymus: problems of large scale extraction and assay.

Large scale extraction and assay of the lymphocyte chalone (LC), the natural lymphocyte proliferation inhibitor, require optimized, reproducible and standardizable methods. To this end we compared the effects on LC yield of storing thymus at different temperatures after collection from calves: Both quick freezing on solid CO2 and slow freezing at -50 degrees C led to a 30% loss of LC yield relative to that from unfrozen tissue kept at O degrees C. Moreover we found that the apparent decrease or total loss of LC activity upon storage of a purified LC fraction may result from an occasional lack of LC-responsiveness of human blood lymphocytes depending on the donor's physiological state, in spite of normal PHA reactivity. This suggested the use of LC-responsive, cryopreserved lymphocytes, the advantages of which are documented and discussed in detail.

Animals↗