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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Optic nerve atrophy after vitrectomy with indocyanine green-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling in diffuse diabetic macular edema. Adverse effect of ICG-assisted ILM peeling.

PURPOSE: To report anatomic and visual outcomes of vitrectomy and indocyanine green (ICG)-assisted peeling of the retinal internal limiting membrane (ILM) in the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema. METHODS: In a retrospective interventional case series, 15 eyes of 11 patients with refractory diffuse diabetic macular edema underwent pars plana vitrectomy with removal of the ILM, which was stained by intravitreal injection of ICG (0.1-0.2 ml of 0.5% ICG), performed by a single surgeon. The patients were followed up for 14-28 months (mean 20.5 months). The main outcome measures were assessment of macular edema by optical coherence tomography and determination of visual acuity and visual field. RESULTS: Intravitreal ICG visualized the ILM to facilitate complete removal of the structure. Qualitative assessment of optical coherence tomography images at the end of follow-up revealed that retinal thickness in the macula appeared nearly normal with or without reappearance of foveal pit in 11 of the 15 eyes (73.3%), decreased in 3 eyes (20.0%), and did not change in 1 eye (6.6%). Best-corrected visual acuity at the end of follow-up improved by 2 lines or more in 4 eyes (26.7%), virtually unchanged in 6 eyes (40.0%), and deteriorated by 2 lines or more in 5 eyes (26.7%). The mean logMAR visual acuity was 0.680 (approximately 12/60) preoperatively and 0.812 (approximately 9/60) postoperatively, the difference being not statistically significant (paired t-test, P=0.445). Seven (46.7%) of the 15 eyes developed optic nerve atrophy that occurred gradually within 6 months after surgery and caused irreversible peripheral visual field defect predominantly affecting the nasal field. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal application of ICG is beneficial in uneventful ILM peeling to help resolution of diffuse diabetic macular edema, but it may potentially damage the optic nerve fibers and lead to unfavorable visual outcomes.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Pars plana vitrectomy and removal of the internal limiting membrane in the treatment of chronic macular oedema.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the results of pars plana vitrectomy with peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) in eyes with chronic macular oedema. METHODS: PPV with indocyanine green (ICG) assisted peeling of the ILM was performed in 33 eyes with diabetic (21 eyes) or non-diabetic (12 eyes) macular oedema. Postoperatively, resolution of macular oedema, improvement of visual acuity (VA) and complications were documented. The peeled membranes were submitted for light and transmission electron microscopic evaluation. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 12.2 months. The macular oedema decreased or was resolved in 17 (81%) eyes in the diabetic group and in 11 (92%) eyes in the non-diabetic group. VA improved by at least 2 lines in 11 (52%) eyes in the diabetic group and in 7 (58%) eyes in the non-diabetic group. The difference between visual acuity improvements of the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). However, in the diabetic group the difference of visual improvement between cystoid and diffuse type of macular oedema eyes was statistically significant (14% versus 71%, P=0.02). Light and transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of ILM in all specimens. During the follow-up period no recurrence of macular oedema or epiretinal membrane formation was observed. CONCLUSION: Pars plana vitrectomy with peeling of the ILM and epiretinal membrane leads to the resolution of macular oedema in the majority of eyes. This however, is not always associated with VA improvement. In diabetic eyes, cystoid type of macular oedema appears to be a poor prognostic factor for improved VA.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membranectomy for refractory diabetic macular edema without a taut posterior hyaloid.

BACKGROUND: This is a retrospective study designed to investigate the effect of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling on diabetic macular edema in eyes that do not have a taut hyaloid and have been refractory to standard laser treatment. METHODS: Review of 26 eyes of 20 patients consecutively were treated with PPV with ILM peel for refractory diabetic macular edema. Eyes were included if they had been unresponsive to conventional treatment defined as at least two focal laser applications by a retina specialist. Paired t-testing was performed to determine if a change in both optical coherence tomography (OCT)-measured retinal thickness and logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity occurred prior to and following PPV with epiretinal membrane vitrectomy. In addition, we performed multivariate regression analysis to determine if any clinical variables predicted a change in visual acuity. RESULTS: The mean age in the sample was 65 years (range 29-81 years). The mean follow-up time was 242 days (range 35-939). Sixteen of the 26 eyes were phakic and the remaining ten were pseudophakic. There was a statistically significant improvement of mean visual acuity from a preoperative logMAR vision of 1.0 to a best postoperative vision of 0.75 (p=0.016, paired t-test). Thirteen (50%) of the 26 eyes gained at least two lines of best-corrected Snellen acuity, three (11.5%) had a decline of at least two lines, and ten (38.5%) showed stable visual acuity. Regression analysis demonstrated that baseline worse visual acuity was the only clinical variable that was associated with improvement in visual acuity (beta=0.602, p=0.016; R (2)=28.7). Fourteen eyes had preoperative and postoperative OCT. Thirteen eyes (93%) had a significant decrease in foveal thickness; with an average preoperative thickness of 575 mum compared to a postoperative average of 311 mum (t=3.65, p=0.002). No surgical complications were observed during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery for refractory diabetic edema without a taut hyaloid is associated with a significant improvement in visual acuity and diminution of retinal thickness as measured by OCT. Further investigations are warranted to define the role of surgery in the management of persistent diabetic macular edema.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Primary vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: an analysis of 512 cases.

BACKGROUND: Primary pars plana vitrectomy (PPPV) has gained widespread popularity in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD). However, the surgical procedure is still flawed by a significant rate of anatomical and functional failures. The study was conducted to analyse the risk factors for a dissatisfying postoperative outcome. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective study of 512 cases of PPPV with a minimum follow-up of 3 months from one institution over a 9-year period. Preoperatively, 24.8% of patients (127 out of 512) were pseudophakic, 16.4% (84 out of 512) highly myopic, 19.9% (102 out of 512) had preoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and 14.6% (75 out of 512) had vitreous haemorrhage. RESULTS: The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 108 months (median 14.8). Retinal reattachment was achieved with one operation in 70.7% (362 out of 512) and after one or more operations in 97.5% of cases (499 out of 512). The major reasons for redetachments were new retinal breaks, followed by a combination of new breaks and PVR, and PVR without apparent breaks. Postoperative visual acuities of > or =0.1 and > or =0.4 were achieved in 82.8% (424 out of 512) and 48.2% (247 out of 512) respectively. Out of 376 phakic patients at study entry, 66.4% (250 out of 376) underwent cataract surgery either in combination with PPPV or during the postoperative course. Factors that were significantly associated with either anatomical or functional failure included duration of symptoms, low preoperative visual acuity, myopia, amblyopia, hypotony, macular detachment, preoperative PVR, extent of detachment, involvement of inferior quadrants, no detectable breaks, large breaks, breaks posterior to the equator, surgeon, level of surgical training, endocryotherapy, and combined scleral buckling surgery. CONCLUSION: Primary pars plana vitrectomy is still flawed by a relatively high primary redetachment rate following the initial procedure. The advantages of the technique are a high final reattachment rate and relatively good functional results in a subset of patients with more complicated types of RRD. The risk factors for postoperative failures following PPPV for RRD match to a large extent those following scleral buckling surgery (SBS). Future improvements of the technique will have to focus on modifiable risk factors, such as details of the surgical procedures, surgical training and case selection, to distinguish it from SBS.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Four cases of hypotony maculopathy caused by traumatic cyclodialysis and treated by vitrectomy, cryotherapy, and gas tamponade.

PURPOSE: We report our results in four cases of hypotony maculopathy caused by traumatic cyclodialysis and treated by combined vitrectomy and cataract surgery. METHODS: The patients' visual acuities ranged from light perception to 0.2, and intraocular pressures ranged from 4.7 to 5.7 mmHg (mean 5.1 mmHg) before surgery. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) revealed cyclodialysis associated with ciliary body detachment of 180 degrees to 360 degrees . We performed combined vitrectomy and cataract surgery, with pars plana cryopexy for detached ciliary body and an SF(6) gas tamponade. RESULTS: Postoperative UBM showed that cyclodialysis and/or ciliary body detachment disappeared in the whole circumference of two eyes, while it partially remained at 15 degrees in one eye and at 30 degrees in one eye. Postoperative visual acuity ranged from 0.06 to 1.2, with IOP ranging from 9.0 to 14.7 mmHg (mean 12.2 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, we consider that the present combined therapy is highly reliable for closing and adhering traumatic cyclodialysis and normalizing hypotony.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. Comparison of clinical complications in a combined versus two-step surgical approach.

PURPOSE: To report intra-and postoperative complications in pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. A comparison of the combined versus two step surgical approach is given. METHOD: Medical records and operative notes of 111 eyes with combined surgery and 50 eyes with sequential surgery were retrospectively analysed. Subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate differences in disease groups, the use of endotamponading or endolaser and cryocoagulation. Postoperative follow-up time was between 3 and 18 months. RESULTS: Combined surgery: 64 eyes (57.5%) showed no complications. 17 eyes (15.3%) showed transient intraocular pressure rise, 17 eyes (15.3%) fibrinous exudation in the anterior chamber. Posterior capsule tears occurred in 7 eyes (6,3%), formation of posterior synechia was observed in 7 eyes (6.3%). IOL dislocation was seen in 3 eyes (2.7%), heavy covering of macrophages in 3 eyes (2,7%). Rare complications included silicon oil efflux into the anterior chamber (1.8%), anterior chamber hemorrhage (1,8%) and iris incarceration into the corneoscleral incision (0,9%). One eye needed explantation of the IOL during the follow-up. Sequential surgery: 31 eyes (62%) showed no complication. Transient intraocular pressure rise occurred in 14 eyes (28%), fibrinous exudation in 2 eyes (4%). Formation of posterior synechia was observed in 1 eye (2%), posterior capsule tears occurred in 4 eyes (8%). Dislocation of the IOL was seen in 1 eye (2%). Subgroup analysis revealed fibrinous exudation in the anterior chamber to be significantly more frequent after combined surgery, particularly in cases of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSION: Combined pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation as well as the two-step procedure are safe and effective. Sequential surgery could be advantageous to minimize the postoperative anterior chamber inflammatory response.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Assessment of HOPE fixation in vitrectomy specimens in patients with chronic bilateral uveitis (masquerade syndrome).

BACKGROUND: Cytological examination of rapidly transported, unfixed vitreous specimens is considered the gold standard in exclusion of primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) in patients with idiopathic steroid resistant chronic uveitis. These specimens are difficult to interpret, and reports of "false negatives" or "false positives" are common. Fixation using HOPE solution (Herpes-glutamic acid buffer mediated Organic solvent Protection Effect) has been successfully applied in the investigation of cytospin preparations using immunocytology, in situ hybridisation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The purpose of this study was to compare the cytologic features of vitrectomy specimens from patients with clinical reactive vitritis and PIOL prepared following HOPE fixation with those in conventional cytospins and to identify any diagnostic pitfalls. METHODS: Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 15 cases of patients with chronic uveitis. The vitreous samples were halved: one half was fixed in HOPE solution; the other half remained unfixed. All samples were subject to conventional staining, immunocytology and clonality analysis using polymerase chain reaction (IgH-PCR) and GeneScan. The specimens were assessed following by two pathologists who were masked to the cytological preparation method. The specimens were evaluated for cellularity, cellular appearance, cytoplasmic and nuclear features as well as quality of the immunostains. RESULTS: Twelve of the fifteen vitreous samples were diagnosed as reactive vitritis; in three specimens, a primary intraocular lymphoma of B-cell type was diagnosed. Compared to the unfixed vitreal specimens, the quality of the cytomorphology and immunocytology improved in the HOPE-fixed specimens. IgH-PCR and GeneScan analysis demonstrated polyclonal amplification products in the reactive cases, and monoclonal B-cell populations in the B-PIOL. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that cytomorphology and immunoreactivity of vitreous specimens are well preserved following HOPE fixation. DNA of sufficient quality could be extracted from HOPE-fixed vitreous biopsies, in order to perform clonality analyses. HOPE fixation appears to be promising in simplifying the transportation of these specimens, and may improve the diagnostic reliability of vitreous specimens in patients with masquerade syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Comparative evaluation of vitrectomy and dye-enhanced ILM peel with grid laser in diffuse diabetic macular edema.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and dye-enhanced peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) with modified grid laser photocoagulation in patients with diffuse diabetic macular edema and to determine if any correlation exists between improvement in visual acuity (functional improvement) and reduction in foveal thickness and macular volume (anatomical improvement). DESIGN: This is a randomized, prospective, comparative, interventional study. METHOD: In this study 24 eyes of 24 patients with metabolically stable diabetes and with diffuse diabetic macular edema were evaluated. The patients were randomized to either pars plana vitrectomy with removal of ILM which was done in 12 eyes (ILM group) and modified grid laser photocoagulation carried out in the remaining 12 eyes (laser group). Main outcome measures were (1) the postoperative visual acuity in the form of ETDRS log MAR values, (2) foveal thickness and (3) macular volume as measured by optical coherence tomography. The correlation between improvement in visual acuity and the reduction of foveal thickness and macular volume in both the groups were also evaluated. The results were all subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: The ETDRS log MAR visual acuity difference between the two groups at the end of 6 months was not clinically significant (P = 0.525). However, foveal thickness and macular volume decreased significantly more in the ILM group compared to the laser group (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, Mann Whitney U test). There was no correlation between the improvement in visual acuity and the reduction of foveal thickness (r = -0.158, P = 0.6) (ILM group), r = -0.155, P = 0.7) (laser group) in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: PPV with ILM peeling was shown to be beneficial by inducing a statistically significant reduction of macular thickness and macular volume. Visual acuity also demonstrated a trend towards improvement in both the ILM peel group and the grid laser group; however, the comparative VA outcome analysis between the two groups was not significantly different. Besides, there was also no correlation between the reductions of foveal thickness and macular volume with the improvement in visual acuity in either of the groups.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Follow-up of functionally lost eyes after vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade for tractional retinal detachment.

BACKGROUND: Is there any association between, on the one hand, retention or removal of silicone oil or any specific ocular finding in patients with functionally lost eyes after vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade for tractional retinal detachment and, on the other, a greater chance of preservation of the eye? This information is important in deciding whether to remove silicone oil, as well as in counseling patients about their individual chances of preserving their eye. METHODS: Seventy-three consecutive patients with a functionally lost eye with a minimum follow-up of 3 years were retrospectively studied. The relation between the variables at study entry or the removal of silicone oil during the follow-up period and a subsequent intervention (enucleation, evisceration or conjunctival cover with a scleral shell) were tested for statistical significance with Cox proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS: The absence or removal of silicone oil was not associated with a greater chance of finally preserving the eye. Nor could we identify other factors which predicted better chances of preservation. CONCLUSION: The notion that functionally lost eyes after treatment with vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade for complicated tractional retinal detachment have better chances of preservation of the eye without silicone oil is not supported by our study.

Blindness↗

PubMed2001

Pars-plana vitrectomy in cystoid macular edema associated with intermediate uveitis.

BACKGROUND: Cystoid macular edema (CME) is a common complication in the course of intermediate uveitis. In spite of systemic therapy with steroids or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, persistence of CME is observed. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is known to influence the course of intermediate uveitis positively. The present study was performed to investigate the role of PPV in the therapy of CME in intermediate uveitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two eyes of 32 patients were re-examined after PPV for CME. In all eyes fluorescein angiography was performed. Average age at the time of surgery was 31.9 years (range 6-64 years). All patients had received systemic corticosteroid and/or immunosuppressive treatment during the course of their disease. In some patients systemic therapy with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors was performed. The mean duration of postoperative follow-up was 20.2 months (range 6-102 months). RESULTS: Preoperative visual acuity (VA) in all eyes was between 1/10 and 0.5. Total regression of CME after surgery was observed in 18 of 42 eyes (42.8%), partial improvement in 7 eyes (16.7%). In 13 of 42 eyes (30.9%) the CME remained unchanged. Twenty-one of 42 eyes (50.0%) experienced a postoperative improvement of VA of 2 lines or more. In 18 of 42 eyes (42.8%) there was no change; in 3 eyes (7.2%) VA was less. In the long-term follow-up the corresponding results were slightly worse (17/17/8 eyes) due to secondary complications. In the majority of patients systemic medical therapy could be reduced or discontinued. CONCLUSION: Pars-plana vitrectomy led to regression of CME in 59% of cases and to subsequent improvement of VA in 50% of eyes with intermediate uveitis. PPV should be considered soon after medical therapy has been shown to be ineffective.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Optical coherence tomography before and after vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane removal in a child with optic disc pit maculopathy.

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of optic disc pit maculopathy is still unknown, although recent optical coherence tomographic (OCT) analyses have made a great contribution to clarifying its morphological appearance. The best treatment for this disease is also controversial. CASE: We report on a 7-year-old girl with optic disc pit maculopathy associated with a separation of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) near the optic disc. OBSERVATIONS: The OCT images before treatment showed a conduit from the perineural space to the schisislike separation of the sensory retina with a dome-shaped separation of the ILM. A serous detachment (SD) in the macula, centered on the fovea, was also present. In OCT images after laser photocoagulation, the conduit appeared to be closed, but the SD was still present. Vitrectomy with ILM removal and gas tamponade resulted in a marked reduction of the SD in the macular area. Focal macular electroretinograms and visual acuity demonstrated a recovery of macular function. CONCLUSION: The dome-shaped separation of the ILM suggested that the vitreous might be exerting a tractional force on the optic disc pit, and vitrectomy with ILM peeling released the traction on the optic disc pit.

Basement Membrane↗

PubMed1985

Vitrectomy without scleral buckling for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Trans pars plana vitrectomy with air-fluid exchange was performed on 29 selected cases of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in which scleral buckling would be the usual surgical approach. The group contained 20 phakic eyes, two aphakic eyes, and seven pseudophakic eyes; the macula was detached preoperatively in 17 eyes (66%). The reattachment rate after one operation was 79% (23 of 29 eyes); after two operations this increased to 93% (27 of 29 eyes). Visual acuities of 20/50 or better were achieved in 22 of 27 successfully treated cases (81%). Vitrectomy without scleral buckling may allow retinal reattachment with excellent visual results in selected cases of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Surgical vitrectomy for pseudophakic malignant glaucoma.

Four eyes that had undergone cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation developed malignant glaucoma. Three eyes had posterior chamber lenses and one eye had an anterior chamber lens. Medical therapy was unsuccessful in each case. One eye was treated with Nd-YAG laser disruption of the anterior hyaloid face, but this did not reverse the glaucoma. In all four eyes pars plana vitrectomy reversed the glaucoma process. In the eyes with posterior chamber lenses, the vitrectomy included excision of a localized area of lens capsule and zonules. A pathway for the anterior flow of aqueous was created without dislocating the intraocular lens.

Aged↗

PubMed1987

Vitrectomy surgery in proliferative sickle retinopathy.

Visual loss secondary to vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment can occur in proliferative sickle retinopathy. Severe complications including a high incidence of anterior segment necrosis have been reported in both vitrectomy and scleral buckling operations in patients with this disease. We examined four patients with longstanding vitreous hemorrhages or retinal detachments that were treated successfully with standard vitrectomy surgery techniques or scleral buckling procedures without serious complications.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Corneal topographic changes after transconjunctival (25-gauge) sutureless vitrectomy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the topographic changes in the cornea after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV) system. DESIGN: Prospective, interventional case series. METHODS: In this prospective study, we evaluated the topographic changes of the cornea in 32 eyes of 32 patients who underwent PPV with the 25-gauge TSV system. The topographic parameters that were analyzed statistically were the average corneal power, corneal surface cylinder, surface asymmetry index, and surface regularity index. Mean induced astigmatism was estimated by vector analysis software. Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There was no significant change in average corneal power, corneal surface cylinder, surface asymmetry index, and surface regularity index parameters at first day, first week, and first month after the operation. Mean induced astigmatism was 0.38 diopters at 15 degrees. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal surface and astigmatic changes were observed to be insignificant in the early postoperative period after PPV with the 25-gauge TSV system.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Oblique sclerotomy technique for prevention of incompetent wound closure in transconjunctival 25-gauge vitrectomy.

PURPOSE: To develop a surgical incisional technique that helps overcome incompetent sclerotomy closure previously reported in sutureless 25-gauge vitrectomy. DESIGN: Prospective interventional case series report. METHODS: We performed this surgical technique in 12 eyes of 12 consecutive patients scheduled for 25-gauge vitrectomy. The sclerotomy was created performing an oblique incision, a structural modification that helps the closure stay watertight once the cannulas are removed. RESULTS: This technical variation resulted in no intraoperative leakage after cannula removal in any of the 36 sclerotomies performed. CONCLUSIONS: Incision construction using this technique may resolve the reported sclerotomy leakage that in some cases had to be solved by suturing.

Conjunctiva↗

PubMed2006

Disappearance of myelinated retinal nerve fibers after pars plana vitrectomy.

PURPOSE: To describe a case of extramacular myelinated retinal nerve fibers disappearing after pars plana vitrectomy for an epiretinal membrane and macular edema. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: A 61-year-old African-American man with extramacular myelinated retinal nerve fibers underwent pars plana vitrectomy for an epiretinal membrane. A posterior vitreous detachment was present preoperatively. Humidified air was used. A gas bubble was placed for an intraoperative macular hole. RESULTS: Nine months after surgery, the myelinated retinal nerve fibers had disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: Loss of myelinated retinal nerve fibers may occur after vitreoretinal surgery. Possible mechanisms include postoperative nerve fiber layer atrophy or ischemia.

Epiretinal Membrane↗

PubMed2006

Intraoperative sclerotomy-related retinal breaks for macular surgery, 20- vs 25-gauge vitrectomy systems.

PURPOSE: To compare the rate of intraoperative sclerotomy-related retinal breaks (SRRB) between 20- and 25-gauge vitrectomy systems for the correction of macular pucker (MP) and macular hole (MH). DESIGN: Retrospective interventional case series. METHODS: Single institution review of 347 consecutive eyes of 333 patients between August 2003 and May 2005 receiving pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for MP or MH repair. Eyes were excluded if they had any form of proliferative retinopathy, or if there was an intraoperative conversion of any sclerotomy from 25- to 20- gauge. RESULTS: Fourteen (6.4%) of 219 eyes in the 20-gauge group had SRRB vs 4 (3.1%) of 128 eyes in the 25-gauge group (Fisher exact test, P value = .22). CONCLUSIONS: There was a trend for slightly lower rates of intraoperative sclerotomy-related retinal breaks, single or multiple, with 25-gauge PPV compared with 20-gauge PPV, but the differences were not statistically significant.

Adolescent↗