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Results for “multivariate analysis”

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PubMed1989

Factors affecting relapse in node-negative breast cancer. A multivariate analysis including the labeling index.

Between 1975 and 1982, 167 patients with carcinoma of the breast without axillary lymph node metastases were studied. The thymidine labeling index (LI), representing the percentage of cells in the DNA synthesis phase, was measured in all these patients. High LI values were more frequently encountered in young patients (P = 0.05), in low estrogen receptor (ER) tumor content (P = 0.007) and in high grade tumors (P = 0.0002). The overall 8-year relapse-free survival (RFS) was 68%. Univariate analysis demonstrated that RFS was influenced by histological grading (P = 0.03), ER (P = 0.03), PR (P = 0.02) and LI (P = 0.01). Multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model selected the LI as the single significant prognostic factor with regard to RFS (P = 0.037). These results emphasize the important role of cell proliferation kinetics in defining node-negative breast cancer patients with a high risk of relapse.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Local BCG failures in superficial bladder cancer. A multivariate analysis of risk factors influencing survival.

Of 221 patients with superficial bladder cancers treated with intravesical BCG, BCG therapy failed locally within the bladder or prostate in 41 patients. A multivariate analysis was done using data on these local failures to identify clinical variables influencing survival. Patients presenting with T1 tumors which relapsed initially in the prostate were at highest risk of dying of bladder cancer. Cystectomy is justified in such patients. Others with noninvasive local refractory disease can be managed by continued conservative therapy.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1989

Survival and prognostic factors in differentiated thyroid cancer--a multivariate analysis of 1,055 cases.

Survival (5- and 10-year) and prognostic factors of all differentiated thyroid cancer patients (n = 1,055) occurring in Norway in 1970-79 are presented. The multivariate analysis (GLIM) revealed that stage and age were the only significant prognostic factors. Sex and histological type could not be proved to be of major prognostic value. The decline in relative survival with age was different in the three stages, appearing as a continuous decrease in stage 3, while in stage 1 the decrease was present only in patients older than 75 years.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1988

Distant metastases in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a multivariate analysis of prognostic variables.

From a cohort of 988 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma receiving primary surgical treatment between 1946 and 1970, we studied the 85 (9%) patients who had distant metastases diagnosed during life. Clinically detected metastases were found in 7% of the 859 patients with papillary cancers, 19% of the 100 patients with follicular cancers, and 34% of the 29 patients with Hürthle cell cancers. The total experience amounted to 607 patient-years of observation after the diagnosis of metastases, with a median follow-up in the 12 survivors of 23 yr (range, 13-32 yr). At the time of first diagnosis of metastases, the lungs only were involved in 53%, and bones only in 20%; 16% had multiple organ involvement. The overall mortality rates 5 and 10 yr after the diagnosis of metastases were 65% and 75%, respectively. Seventy-eight percent of all deaths were directly attributable to thyroid cancer; 82% of cancer deaths occurred within 5 yr. By univariate analysis, patient age, tumor extent, pattern of lung involvement, radioiodine uptake of the metastases, and radioiodine treatment were significant prognostic factors. By multivariate analysis, only age (as a continuous variable) at the time of first diagnosis of distant metastases (P less than 0.0001) and involvement of multiple organ sites (P = 0.0003) were independently associated with cancer mortality. The survival at 5 yr in 12 patients aged less than 40 yr with only a single organ involved was 92%. Older patients (aged greater than or equal to 40 yr) with a single metastasis (n = 59) had a lower survival (38% at 5 yr). The highest risk of cancer death (92% at 5 yr) was found in the 14 patients (any age) who at the time of first diagnosis of metastases had multiple organ involvement. The Cox regression model suggested that radioiodine therapy did not have a significant influence on survival, after adjusting for age and extent of metastatic involvement.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Multivariate analysis of risk factors in patients with metastatic testicular germ cell tumors treated with vinblastine and bleomycin.

39 patients with testicular germ cell tumor metastases were treated with vinblastine intravenous bolus injection day 1 and day 36 and bleomycin intramuscularly twice weekly for 10 weeks. 8 patients had complete remission. 4 of these are alive with no evidence of disease for 91 + to 109 + months. Studied with Wilk's method for stepwise discriminant analysis tumor volume and performance status significantly predicted the patients who had complete remission. Studied with Cox's proportional hazard model for multivariate analysis hCG in the primary tumor, serum lactate dehydrogenase, performance status, and complete remission had a significant impact on survival. The information from the risk factors may be useful in a differentiated treatment of patients with testicular germ cell tumor metastases.

Actuarial Analysis↗

PubMed1992

Axon types classified by morphometric and multivariate analysis in the rat optic nerve.

Calibers of the rat optic nerve axons distribute unimodally and it is difficult to distinguish groups among them. However, these fibers arose from 3 types of ganglion cells and showed 3 conduction velocities. Performing a cluster analysis over several ultrastructural parameters we found 3 main groups of fibers. These groups are present in a very similar proportion to the ganglion cells groups described in the rat retina.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Multivariable analysis of factors associated with hospital readmission after intestinal surgery.

BACKGROUND: Readmission rates after major abdominal surgery have a significant impact on hospital costs and quality of care. Identification of risk factors for readmission may improve postoperative care and discharge plans. METHODS: One hundred fifty consecutive patients readmitted within 30 days of discharge after intestinal surgery (RD) were compared with matched nonreadmitted patients. Patient-related (demographic, comorbidity, medications), disease-related (diagnosis, type of surgery), and perioperative course variables were collected for logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: RD was associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (odds ratio [OR] 7.12 and 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-37.6), worse functional capacity class (OR 2.02 and CI 1.15-3.56), previous anticoagulant therapy (OR 4.85 and CI 1.2-19.7), steroid treatment, and discharge to a facility other than home (OR 4.35 and CI 0.97-20.0, P = .055). In patients with intestinal perforation, RD rate was decreased (OR 0.3 and CI 0.1-0.9), but this was associated with a longer primary hospital stay (median 8 vs. 6 days, P = .12). RD causes included surgical site septic complications (33%), ileus and/or small-bowel obstruction (23%), medical complications (24%), and others (20%). CONCLUSIONS: Functional capacity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, previous anticoagulant therapy, perioperative steroids, and discharge destination are independent predictors of RD. Disease-related factors have minor impact on RD rates. Improving functional status before surgery, decreasing the adverse impact of steroids, and/or stratifying perioperative anticoagulant use may decrease unexpected readmissions in this patient population.

Case-Control Studies↗

PubMed1999

Identification of African Paragonimidae by multivariate analysis of the eggs.

A study of metacercariae and adult Paragonimidae revealed the existence in West-Africa of four species, of which two are largely recorded in literature (Paragonimus africanus and Paragonimus uterobilateralis), one was suspected (Paragonimnus westermani-like) and one remained unrecorded in Africa (Euparagonimus sp). Among the two last ones, P. westermani-like was probably confused with P. africanus, and Euparagonimus sp. with P. uterobilateralis. P. westermani-like adult worms differed from P. africanus by the morphology of ovary, testes and the size of the metraterm eggs. Euparagonimus could be identified by a short excretory bladder in metacercariae. The discriminant functions established on eggs measurements (average, maximum and minimum length, average, maximum and minimum width) were able to separate the isolates into four groups. The largest eggs (97 x 59 microm) belonged to P. westermani-like, the medium sized eggs were ascribed to P. africanus (91 x 49 microm) and to Euparagonimus sp. (84 x 50 microm), and the smaller eggs (69 x 42 microm) were identified as P. uterobilateralis. Three Paragonimidae were identified in Cameroon: P. westermani-like, P. africanus and Euparagonimus sp. Additionally, P. uterobilateralis, P. westermani-like, and Euparagonimus sp. were found in the Congo, Gabon, and the Ivory Coast, respectively.

Africa, Western↗

PubMed2003

Presence of behavioral and psychological symptoms predicts nursing home placement in community-dwelling elders with cognitive impairment in univariate but not multivariate analysis.

BACKGROUND: The role of behavioral and psychological symptoms as an independent risk factor of nursing home placement (NHP) in cognitively impaired elders has been controversial. METHODS: A community sample of 449 cognitively impaired elders and their knowledgeable informants (KIs) was followed for 1 year. Subjects were classified as having dementia (n=330) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n=119) using a neuropsychiatric battery of 4 tests. Subject characteristics (behavioral and psychological symptoms, demographic, health related, and health services use) and KI characteristics were entered into the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. RESULTS: The incidence rate of NHP was 8.9%. At baseline, 57.7% of subjects had at least 1 behavioral and psychological symptom. Presence of these symptoms was associated with shorter time to NHP only in a univariate analysis. Other factors significant in the multivariate Cox modeling were being white (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.17), having fair or poor physical health rating (HR= 2.12), having greater numbers of difficulties with activities of daily living (HR = 1.46), and having a physician's diagnosis of dementia (HR = 6.76). An interaction was found between the last 2 variables (HR = 0.59), indicating that among those with a diagnosis of dementia, a greater number of difficulties with activities of daily living delayed time to NHP. KI characteristics were not associated with NHP. CONCLUSIONS: Behavioral and psychological symptoms were common, but having these symptoms was not an independent risk factor of NHP. Caregiver characteristics may not play as important a role in determining NHP as subject characteristics. Interventions aimed at improving or maintaining physical or cognitive functioning may have better chances of delaying NHP.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Results of radiation therapy in early glottic carcinoma: multivariate analysis of prognostic and radiation therapy variables.

A detailed retrospective analysis was performed with 103 patients who had T1 carcinoma of the glottic larynx and underwent radiation therapy between 1960 and 1987. Prognostic and radiation therapy variables were analyzed including sex; age; staging procedures; mucosal extent; histologic grading of tumor; field size; use of wedges; treatment of alternate fields versus both fields every day; nominal standard dose; time, dose, and fraction; dose per fraction; total radiation dose per fraction; total radiation doses; and the impact of cord stripping. Initial local control was 89%, and ultimate control after surgical salvage was 97%, with a 5- and 10-year adjusted survival of 98%. Univariate analysis indicated that larger field size (P = .04), histologic grade (P = .02), and treatment strategy (P = .08) were of some value in predicting recurrence. Multivariate analysis indicated that field size (P = .03) was the only significant variable in predicting local recurrence. These data confirm that radiation is highly effective in the treatment of early laryngeal cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Multivariate analysis of litter size for multiple parities with production traits in pigs: II. Response to selection for litter size and correlated response to production traits.

Litter size and production trait responses to experimental selection for increased litter size in a Landrace pig population are reported. The numbers of sows and litters available for the first cycle of selection were 3,034 and 961, respectively. Selection was carried out using a BLUP repeatability animal model for number of piglets born alive (NBA). The experiment included one selection and one control line, each with three nonoverlapping generations. The selection line (H) consisted of the 160 sows with the highest breeding values and one boar from each of 25 full-sib families with the highest breeding values. The control line (C) consisted of 160 sows and 25 boars randomly chosen. The two subsequent generations in each line were obtained by random selection. A Bayesian analysis of genetic response using a multivariate model was carried out by Gibbs sampler. Marginal posterior distributions were obtained for direct response in NBA, and for correlated response in weight (WT), and backfat thickness (BT) at 175 d of age. The posterior means and posterior standard deviation (PSD) for direct genetic response of NBA ranged from 0.32 (PSD 0.08) in the first parity to 0.64 (PSD 0.08) in the fourth. The posterior means for correlated genetic response in WT and BT were -0.66 kg (PSD 0.36) and 0.20 mm (PSD 0.10), respectively. For WT and BT, the 95% highest posterior density regions (HPD) contain zero-correlated genetic response. Marginal posterior distributions of selection differentials were investigated. The posterior means for standardized selection differentials for NBA in different parities ranged from 0.70 (PSD 0.12) to 0.94 (PSD 0.06) in females for line H, from 0.22 (PSD 0.19) to 0.34 (PSD 0.10) in males for line H, and from 0.08 (PSD 0.08) to 0.13 (PSD 0.07) in females for line C. All available males were used in line C. Results from this experiment showed that selection for increased litter size is effective. Responses to selection were heterogeneous across parities, suggesting that litter size in each parity may have a different genetic background. No correlated genetic response to growth and backfat thickness was observed.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1991

Prognostic significance of proliferation in endometrial adenocarcinomas: a multivariate analysis of clinical and flow cytometric variables.

In a prospective study, the prognostic significance of clinical and flow cytometric variables was evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses of 489 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Age, uterine cavity depth, stage, histopathologic grade, myometrial invasion, ploidy level, and S-phase fraction were of prognostic value in the univariate analysis. In a multivariate analysis of clinical variables, age and uterine cavity depth were insignificant. When adding flow cytometric variables (DNA content and S-phase fraction) separately to the clinical variables, the significance of myometrial invasion was reduced, and histopathologic grade became nonsignificant when S-phase fraction was included. When adding both DNA content and S-phase fraction, the DNA content became prognostically insignificant. S-phase fraction was, next to clinical stages III and IV, found to be the strongest predictor of outcome. It is concluded that S-phase fraction is a new, objective parameter that can be used for the identification of prognostically different subgroups of patients within a given stage and grade.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1995

Multivariate analysis of factors influencing the functional recovery after finger replantation or revascularization.

A multivariate statistical analysis was utilized to study the influence of the four preoperative (age, mechanism of injury, level of injury, and type of amputation) and one postoperative (rehabilitation) variables on the functional recovery of the replanted or revascularized finger. Statistically significant differences are summarized as follows. The young age group have a better functional recovery due to better sensory recovery than the old age group. The crush injury group have a better functional recovery, with better scores in motion and patient satisfaction, than the avulsion injury group. The middle phalangeal injury group have a better functional recovery, with better score in motion and sensation than the proximal phalangeal injury group. There is no statistically significant difference in functional recovery between the revascularized and replanted fingers, but there is a significantly better sensory recovery in the revascularized finger. The rehabilitation group has a better functional recovery, with better score in motion, subjective symptoms, and patient satisfaction, than the nonrehabilitation group.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Multivariate analysis in the pharmacological evaluation of a saluretic compound.

The pharmacological evaluation of the diuretic activity of a compound -- performed measuring the urinary volume and determining its electrolyte content -- may be usefully integrated by a multivariate analysis, in order to: express a general evaluation for each animal in terms of positive or negative response; evaluate the false positive responses of the control group animals and the negative responses in the treated animals on the basis of the general response. An example of application relating to a well-known saluretic, 4-chloro-N-(2-furfuryl)-5-sulfamoyl-anthranilic acid (furosemide), is reported.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2006

Multivariate analysis of ATR-IR spectroscopic data: applications to the solid-liquid catalytic interface.

It is demonstrated that attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis can be effectively used for in situ investigation of supported catalyst-liquid interfaces. Both formaldehyde adsorption/dissociation in water and acetonitrile adsorption in hexane on thin (ca 10 mum) films of 5 wt % Pt/gamma-Al(2)O(3) deposited on a germanium waveguide have been investigated. The multivariate analysis applies classical least squares (CLS) and partial least squares (PLS) methods to the ATR-IR data in order to correlate spectral changes with known sources of experimental variation (i.e., time, concentration of solution species, etc.). The formaldehyde adsorption experiments revealed no spectroscopic evidence for adsorbed molecular formaldehyde under the conditions examined. However, the dissociation product carbon monoxide was observed to form in atop configuration on Pt, likely on edges and terrace sites. Isotope labeling experiments suggest that a pair of peaks observed at 1990 and 2060 cm(-)(1) during treatments of Pt in H(2)-saturated water arise at least in part from nu(Pt)(-)(H) stretching of adsorbed atomic hydrogen. Acetonitrile was found to adsorb on the Pt catalyst by sigma-bonding of the CN group with the platinum, yielding apparent surface peaks that are almost identical to that observed in the liquid phase. A peak at 1641 cm(-)(1) was observed which was assigned to the adsorption of the CN group in a tilted configuration involving a combination of end-on and pi interaction with the surface. This species was found to be reactive toward hydrogen, suggesting that it might play a role in nitrile hydrogenation. The prospects of using this approach to examine solid-catalyzed liquid-phase reactions are discussed in light of these findings.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1989

[Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors influencing survival in chronic myelogenous leukemia].

Prognostic significance of disease features obtained at the time of initial diagnosis was analyzed in 90 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in chronic phase. Median survival of this population was 45.9 months. Univariate analysis revealed that splenomegaly, bone marrow basophils, bone marrow blasts, peripheral blood blasts, and bone marrow eosinophils were significant prognostic factors for survival, and that peripheral blood leukocytes counts, hemoglobin concentration, performance status, age and lymphadenopathy were factors with border line significance. There were multiple interrelationship among these disease features. Multivariate regression analysis identified that age, hemoglobin concentration, and bone marrow blasts were independent primarily significant prognostic factors for survival. The Cox model generated with three variables of age, hemoglobin concentration, and percent blasts in bone marrow provided a useful representation of risk status in the population. A hazard function derived from the patients population segregated patients into three groups with significantly different survival patterns: A lower risk group, an intermediate group and a high risk group of patients with median survival of 57.8, 49.8 and 38.4 months respectively. Survival after CML blast crisis was short and overall median survival of 54 patients with CML blast crisis was 6.4 months. A sole prognostic factor for survival in blast crisis identified by multivariate analysis was blast cell type at CML blast crisis and patients with lymphoid phenotype had a good prognosis with median survival of 9.8 months. Median survival of myeloid crisis was 4.2 months. No other disease features were identified as significant prognostic factors in the present patient population.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Multivariate analysis of EEG coherence: stability of the metric, individual differences in patterning and response to arousal.

When coherence is computed among all pairs of a multichannel EEG, the resultant matrix can be de-structured with conventional multivariate analysis procedures to characterize the patterning of electrophysiologic information at each frequency band of the EEG across brain regions. Six right-handed young men had EEG data recorded from left and right frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital locations during three visits to the laboratory at one week intervals. During each session, data were recorded during a relaxation period, an alert resting period, and as loud white noise was presented. Factor analysis of coherence matrices showed a model pattern of a large posterior factor and an anterior factor, both of which were right-lateralized, plus a residual factor that was most often left-lateralized. Four of the six men showed this pattern on each occasion, particularly for the delta and the theta bands. Two men showed variant patterns, which were also stable over time. A priori de-structuring of the matrix into partial multiple intrahemispheric and inter-hemispheric coherences also showed generally higher coherences on the right side, with the exception of left occipital inter-hemispheric values. Effects of arousal manipulations were not striking, but the factor patterns suggested increases in right hemisphere coherence for the alpha and beta bands during high arousal.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[The prognostic relevance of tumor localization in colorectal cancer. A multivariate analysis].

Records of 292 patients with colorectal cancer, operated at St.-Josef-Hospital between 1973 and 1984 were studied using Cox regression model to elucidate the prognostic influence of tumor site. Neither in univariate nor in multivariate analysis any significant independent influence of tumor site on prognosis could be detected. Male sex, older age and more advanced tumor stage were independently associated with poorer prognosis.

Aged↗