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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

Gastric lipase in alcoholic pancreatitis. Comparison of secretive profiles following pentagastrin stimulation in normal adults and patients with pancreatic insufficiency.

The aims of this study were to evaluate the amount of gastric lipase secreted by the stomach in normal adults and to elucidate a possible adaptative secretion of this enzyme in response to pancreatic insufficiency secondary to alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Forty-one subjects underwent a gastric intubation. Pentagastrin (6 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 IV) significantly increased gastric lipase concentration and output. Stimulated gastric lipase output in seven normal subjects was 12,598 +/- 2036 U/h (by using tributyrin as substrate). Outputs where higher (P less than 0.02) in 17 patients with pancreatic insufficiency who were not drinking alcohol, but were not significantly different in nine patients who continued to drink (20,413 +/- 1778 U/h and 21,953 +/- 4973 U/h, respectively). On the other hand, high gastric lipase outputs were found in eight patients with duodenal ulcers and no evidence of pancreatic dysfunction (23,180 +/- 262 U/h). The time required to reach maximal lipase output (peak output) following pentagastrin stimulation was the same in all groups (approximately 38 minutes) except for the group of patients with pancreatic insufficiency who did not drink alcohol, in whom it was significantly reduced (approximately 26.5 minutes). Secretory patterns of gastric lipase and pepsin were closely comparable. Gastric lipase secretion could be increased in several clinical conditions and particularly in patients with pancreatic insufficiency caused by alcoholic chronic pancreatitis who have been abstinent for a long time.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Certification of staff nurses to insert enteral feeding tubes using a research-based procedure.

Nutrition Support Nurse Clinicians at a Central Texas tertiary care facility have developed a research-based nasoenteric feeding tube insertion procedure that minimizes the potential for inadvertent passage of a feeding tube containing a stylet into the respiratory tract and maximizes placement of the feeding tube in the desired gastric or duodenal location. The first 79 staff nurses to be certified to use the technique had a 90% duodenal placement success rate under supervision. No bedside feeding tube insertion complications have been noted since the initiation of the certification program 6 years ago. This article describes the feeding tube insertion technique used in the certification process and the research on which it is based.

Certification↗

PubMed1985

[Transduodenal papillosphincteroplasty using special instruments].

The work compares results of experimental investigations and clinical analysis of transduodenal papillosphincretoplasty by a routine technique and by the author's modification of the method without mobilization of the duodenum and pancreas head using special instruments such as a multiolive probe and a fixator of the major duodenal papilla and duodenum. The transduodenal papillosphincteroplasty fulfilled by the author's modification was shown to be less traumatic. It does not disturb the state of nerve plexuses of the duodenum wall, gives less amount of postoperative complications and better results.

Ampulla of Vater↗

PubMed1975

The gastric response to a transpyloric duodenal tube.

The quantification of gastric, pancreatic, biliary, and small bowel functions in man often requires the use of intestinal tubes. In this study, the presence of a transpyloric tube did not alter gastric emptying, acid secretion, or serum gastrin levels in response to an ordinary solid meal.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Nitric oxide prevents rat duodenal contractions induced by potentially noxious agents.

After abdominal surgery, luminal HCl fails to induce duodenal contractions in anaesthetized rats. Elevated tissue levels of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins possibly contribute to this observation. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of luminal capsaicin (1.2 mg mL-1), ethanol (15%) and high partial pressure of CO2 (>250 mmHg) with those of HCl (10 mM) in anaesthetized rats. Motility (intraluminal pressure), mucosal permeability [blood-to-lumen clearance of 51Cr-EDTA (51Chromium-labelled ethylenediaminetetraacetate)] and duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion (DMBS) were recorded. Three groups of animals were studied: (1) controls, (2) pretreatment with the NO synthase inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) and (3) pretreatment with the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. Neither capsaicin, ethanol, CO2 nor HCl induced duodenal contractions or affected DMBS in control rats. However, L-NAME induced duodenal contractions that were augmented by capsaicin, ethanol and HCl, but not by CO2. Indomethacin also induced contractions that were reversibly diminished by capsaicin and HCl, but not by ethanol or CO2. Significant increases in mucosal permeability occurred during ethanol perfusion in indomethacin- and L-NAME pretreated rats. In conclusion, NO probably plays a key role in preventing duodenal contractions in response to luminally HCl, capsaicin and ethanol. The HCl-induced effect on motility appears to be independent of CO2 and is not caused by alteration in mucosal integrity.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Tracheal agenesis with anomalies found in both VACTERL and TACRD associations.

Tracheal agenesis (TA) was diagnosed by endoscopy after esophageal intubation in a 34-week newborn. Diagnosis, work-up, and management approach are discussed. Similar to previous reports, this case of tracheal agenesis presented with multiple associated defects found at autopsy. Tracheal agenesis had previously been reported as a part of the VATER (vertebral defects, anal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula and/or esophageal atresia, radial dysplasia, renal defects) and VACTERL (VATER plus cardiovascular and limb defects) associations/syndromes. More recently, cases of TA have been reported with associated anomalies described as TACRD (tracheal agenesis/atresia, complex congenital cardiac abnormalities, radial ray defects, and duodenal atresia) association/syndrome. We present a case of TA with anomalies found in both VACTERL and TACRD associations, which support the speculation that both are different manifestations of a spectrum of mesodermal dysplasia.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Catheter perforation of distal oesophagus with duodenal re-entry of catheter. Report of a case.

An unusual case of perforation of the oesophagus is presented. A nasogastric tube had perforated the oesophagus and re-penetrated into the duodenum, and thereby re-entered the gastrointestinal tract without perforating the peritoneum and without causing the classical clinical signs of oesophageal perforation. Treatment was started 31 days after the perforation.

Duodenum↗

PubMed2004

Reduced joint pain after short-term duodenal administration of seal oil in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: comparison with soy oil.

BACKGROUND: Rheumatic joint pain is a common extra-intestinal complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Because the high ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids (FAs) of the Western diet might promote rheumatic disorders, we sought to compare the effects of short-term duodenal administration of n-3-rich seal oil and n-6-rich soy oil on IBD-related joint pain. METHODS: Nineteen patients with IBD-related joint pain were included in the study; 9 had Crohn disease and 10 had ulcerative colitis. Ten millilitres seal oil (n = 10) or soy oil (n = 9) was self-administered through a nasoduodenal feeding tube 3 times daily for 10 days. RESULTS: Compared with soy oil treatment, seal oil significantly reduced the duration of morning stiffness (P = 0.024), number of tender joints (P = 0.035), intensity of pain (P = 0.025) and the doctor's scoring of rheumatic disease activity (P = 0.025) at the end of the 10-day treatment period. Analysis of the effects as area under the curve (area between the curve and baseline, zero) for the entire period from start of treatment until 6 months' post-treatment suggested a long-lasting beneficial effect of seal oil administration on joint pain, whereas soy oil tended (not significantly) to aggravate the condition. Consistently, the serum ratios of n-6 to n-3 FAs (P < 0.01) and arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid (P < 0.01) were reduced after treatment with seal oil. CONCLUSION: The results suggest distinctive, differential prolonged effects on IBD-related joint pain of short-term duodenal administration of n-3-rich seal oil (significant improvement) and n-6-rich soy oil (tendency to exacerbation).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Measurement of flow and sampling of digesta in the preruminant calf.

1. Methods of measuring and sampling the flow of digesta passing through intestinal cannulas in preruminant calves were studied and compared. 2. The effect of collecting digesta from a duodenal cannula on abomasal emptying in a calf given whole milk was determined. When digesta were collected and returned to the duodenum manually in large amounts (about 200 g) the outflow of abomasal contents was intermittent. When digesta were returned to the animal either manually or automatically in amounts of less than about 50 g abomasal emptying was smooth. 3. An automatic apparatus for measuring and sampling the flow of digesta continuously was developed. The device allowed effluent to be returned smoothly to an ingoing cannula at the same rate that digesta left the outgoing cannula. After a feed of whole milk abomasal contents were observed to enter the duodenum in an orderly series of gushes. Each gush consisted of about 5--30 g of digesta. 4. The apparatus was rearranged to measure the effects of composition of duodenal digesta on abomasal emptying. Replacement of duodenal digesta with a suspension containing heated soyabean flour slowed the abomasal outflow of a feed containing casein. 5. Automatic apparatus was used to collect digesta arriving at the distal ileum. Withholding effluent from the large intestine did not affect the movement of digesta from the ileum.

Abomasum↗

PubMed2001

Effect of leptin on intestinal apolipoprotein AIV in response to lipid feeding.

We determined apolipoprotein AIV (apo AIV) content in intestinal epithelial cells using immunohistochemistry when leptin was administered intravenously. Most of the apo AIV immunoreactivity in the untreated intestine was located in the villous cells as opposed to the crypt cells. Regional distribution of apo AIV immunostaining revealed low apo AIV content in the duodenum and high content in the jejunum that gradually decreases caudally toward the ileum. Intraduodenal infusion of lipid (4 h) significantly increased apo AIV immunoreactivity in the jejunum and ileum. Simultaneous intravenous leptin infusion plus duodenal lipid infusion markedly suppressed apo AIV immunoreactivity. Duodenal lipid infusion increased plasma apo AIV significantly (measured by ELISA), whereas simultaneous leptin infusion attenuated the increase. These findings suggest that leptin may regulate circulating apo AIV by suppressing apo AIV synthesis in the small intestine.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Characterization of the growth response obtained from Eimeria acervulina infection in chicks fed lysine-deficient diets.

Five assays were conducted with crossbred chicks to define the gain and feed efficiency response elicited when chicks fed lysine-deficient diets are infected with Eimeria acervulina. Crystalline amino acid diets that were either severely deficient in lysine (.12 or 20%) or adequate (.91%) were fed in the presence or absence of E. acervulina infection in the first four assays. In Assay 5, intact protein-based diets (corn-corn gluten meal) containing either .43 or 1.44% lysine were used to study the effects of lysine status on morbidity caused by E. acervulina infection. The infection was produced by crop intubating 1 X 10(6) sporulated E. acervulina oocysts either every other day in Assays 1, 2, and 5, or once at assay initiation in Assays 3 and 4. At deficient levels of dietary lysine, chicks by Day 6 after inoculations commenced exhibited marked gain and feed efficiency responses to E. acervulina inoculation. The same inoculation regimen in chicks fed diets adequate in lysine resulted in marked depressions in gain and feed efficiency. Monensin feeding diminished but did not entirely eliminate the inoculation response in lysine-deficient chicks. Throughout the assays, typical duodenal lesions were evident in infected chicks at necropsy, and dietary lysine status appeared to have no effect on the severity of lesions.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Transmural potential difference of the gastrointestinal tract: its diagnostic value in placing small intestine catheters without roentgen exposure].

Functional disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract frequently require the placement of biopsy tubes into the duodenum. At present, monitoring of correct placement of these tubes usually entails the use of x-rays involving a single or repeated exposures. For accurate placement of duodenal tubes, the difference in TPD between the stomach and the duodenum has been employed as a criterion. Measurement of the TPD is technically simple, can be done at the bedside and obviates the need for using x-rays. Suitable hardware and the procedure are described in detail.

Biopsy↗

PubMed2003

[Initial experience in use of the Freka Trelumina catheter].

The authors present a report on their initial experience with the use of a Freka Trelumina probe. It is a nasal triluminal special probe for duodenal or jejunal nutrition and concurrent decompression of the stomach in case of its impaired motility and impossible oral nutrition. They draw attention in particular to the use in conservative treatment of acute pancreatitis and inform on favourable experience with the use of the probe under X-ray control.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1987

The enterohepatic recycling of bile choline in sheep.

1. Measurement of unesterified choline in blood samples taken from five conscious multi-cannulated sheep indicated a significant production of unesterified choline by the alimentary tract, as judged by the portal venous minus arterial difference and significant uptake by the liver, as judged from the portal venous minus hepatic venous and arterial minus hepatic venous differences. 2. A mean liver blood flow rate of 1.68 +/- 0.22 1/min for the five sheep was determined by bromosulphophthalein clearance and, combined with the differences in unesterified choline across organs, gave a production rate of free choline of 9.1 mmol/day by the alimentary tract and an uptake by the liver of 13.2 mmol/day. 3. Infusion of [methyl-3H]choline chloride into the portal vein of a sheep over 1 hr and subsequent isolation of the bile for several days showed over 70% cumulative recovery of the radioactivity in the choline moiety of bile phosphatidylcholine over a 120 hr period. 4. Subsequent infusion 17 days later of bile lipid [3H]choline via a duodenal fistula also gave approx. 70% cumulative recovery of radioactivity in the choline moiety of newly secreted bile phosphatidylcholine in 120 hr. 5. These results show a very extensive enterohepatic recirculation of bile choline in the sheep, which is in contrast to the situation in monogastric animals.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

The clinical use of the naso-gastric duodenal mercury tip sump tube in abdominal surgery and in the management of intestinal obstruction.

A naso-gastric duodenal mercury tip weighted sump tube has been developed that will efficaciously decompress small bowel in cases of paralytic ileus, partial or complete mechanical obstruction, and can easily be introduced into the duodenum by a nurse, house staff or attending physician. The tube also may be used for diagnostic purposes to obtain gastrointestinal, pancreatic or biliary secretions.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1984

[Duodenal injuries].

Experience with the treatment of 33 patients with injuries of the duodenum is presented: 17 patients with ruptures of the duodenum, 16 patients with wounds. Post-operative complications were developed in 21 patients, 13 patients died. The two-row suture of the wound and decompression by nasogastroduodenal probe are considered by the authors to be the adequate operation for most of the patients.

Child↗

PubMed1979

Evaluation of the biliary excretion of pencillin G.

Biliary excretion of penicillin G was studied experimentally by perfusion of isolated rabbit liver. Under these conditions, bile recovery accounted for 5% of the amount of penicillin G added to the perfusing blood (10 mg). In man, after intravenous administration of a 599-mg dose of penicillin G (1,000,000 U) to patients provided with T-tube drainage (n = 10), the maximum biliary level averaged 18.0 +/- 8.0 microgram/ml at 2 h; biliary recovery of penicillin G accounted for 0.12% of the administered dose. The excretion of penicillin G in the juice collected through duodenal tubing in normal subjects averaged 0.07% of the administered dose. Peroperative assays showed that the concentrations determined 1 h after intravenous administration 599 mg of the drug attained 45.7 +/- 16.7 microgram/ml in the gallbladder bile and 93.5 +/- 16.3 microgram/ml in the common-duct bile.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Small bowel biopsy in Swedish paediatric clinics.

The capsule technique for small bowel biopsy performed at Swedish paediatric clinics was evaluated using two questionnaires in 1990 and 1993, respectively. Replies were received from all 45 centres which together perform approximately 2300 biopsies per year. Clotting function tests prior to biopsy were carried out in 42% of the centres. The biopsies were performed under intubation anaesthesia in 13% of the centres. The most striking difference between the answers to the two questionnaires was the mode of sedation. The use of intravenous sedatives increased from 40% of the centres in the first questionnaire to 59% in the second one. The use of the oral, rectal and intramuscular routes decreased correspondingly. The most frequently used drugs for intravenous sedation were benzodiazepines, in the first questionnaire diazepam and in the second one midazolam. The failure rate was approximately 5%. In the first questionnaire, no complication was encountered. In the second questionnaire, three cases of intramural duodenal haematoma were reported, one of which led to pancreatitis. We conclude that by focusing on questions of sedation these rather simple questionnaires may have resulted in more effective sedation of children undergoing small bowel biopsy.

Biopsy↗