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PubMed1999

Research productivity in the areas of child abuse and domestic violence.

Research productivity in the areas of child abuse and domestic violence was reviewed for the years 1990-1996 by examining articles published in Child Abuse and Neglect, the Journal of Family Violence, and the Journal of Interpersonal Violence. To examine productivity across institutions, quantification of productivity was based on ordinal position of authorship as previously used. Productivity across these three journals was also summed based on the 1987 composite productivity index formula of Howard, et al., and the data were compared with a productivity assessment based on a search process in the PsycLIT database. Rank-order correlations between the raw productivity total, the composite measure, and productivity based on first-authored publications in PsycLIT were all significant. The findings suggest that the composite measure represents a good estimate of productivity across the three journals and that publication in these three journals provides a good representation of research in the general areas of child abuse and domestic and interpersonal violence. The findings, along with implications regarding the relative utility of such information for selection of graduate programs that have a strong research focus on child abuse or domestic violence, are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Domestic violence among homosexual partners.

Is domestic violence more frequent in homosexual partnerships? The 1996 National Household Survey of Drug Abuse, based upon a random sample of 12,381 adults aged 18 to 59 years, estimated that 828,900 men and 828,678 women engaged in homosexuality in the prior 12 months. Random surveys indicated that at any given time, 29% of homosexual men and 32% of homosexual women are in same-sex partnerships. The National Criminal Victimization Survey for 1993 to 1999 reported that 0.24% of married women and 0.035% of married men were victims of domestic violence annually versus 4.6% of the men and 5.8% of the women reporting same-sex partnerships. Domestic violence appears to be more frequently reported in same-sex partnerships than among the married.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Cognitive and personality factors associated with assaultive and domestic offenders.

An evaluation of domestic assaultive (n=46), general assaultive (n= 23) and nonassaultive (19 property offenders) groups was performed to compare cognitive (Test of Nonverbal Intelligence), personality (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), aggression (Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory), and criminal sentiments (Carlson Psychological Survey). Analysis showed minimal significant differences amongst the groups. A significant difference was found for the Verbal Hostility subscale of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. The domestic assaultive offenders were similar to the general assaultive and nonviolent offenders, with a greater disparity for the control group. Furthermore, a significant difference was noted for the Hypochondriasis scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. The general assaultive and control (n = 15) groups had similar scores, with the greatest difference found for nonviolent offenders who were least anxious. Discriminant analysis showed group membership could be identified for 89.1% of the domestic assaultive group.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Involvement of dogs in plague epidemiology in Tanzania. Serological observations in domestic animals in Lushoto District.

Venous blood was collected aseptically from clinically healthy domestic dogs, goats, sheep, cats and fowl in various plague-infected villages of Lushoto District, Tanzania, at the time when the disease was actively prevalent in the area. Flea ectoparasites were collected from the animals, processed, identified and counted. Serum samples were tested for specific plague antibodies, using the passive haemagglutination technique and checked by passive haemagglutination inhibition tests. Altogether 389 animals, of which 201 were domestic dogs, were involved. 11 (5.5%) dogs had significantly elevated specific plague antibodies at titres ranging from 20 to 1280. All the dogs were also heavily infested with fleas at a mean index of 7.7 fleas per animal. Of 1,871 fleas collected from the dogs, 93.8% were Ctenocephalides felis and 6.2% were C. canis. All the other animals examined were negative for plague. It was concluded that domestic dogs could play an important role as plague carriers in the area and that the animals could serve as sentinel animals for the detection of plague in villages where human plague outbreaks have not previously occurred.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Integrative review of effects on children of witnessing domestic violence.

The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative review of research studies concerning the effects on children of witnessing domestic violence. Databases were selected from MEDLINE, CINAHL, Health, and PsychInfo. Inclusion criteria required primary research in refereed journals during the last two decades that focused on children who had witnessed domestic violence (n = 14 studies). A total of 912 children and their parents comprised the subjects of this review. General agreement existed in this literature that children from families with domestic violence tended to have more difficulties than children from nonviolent families. Multidisciplinary findings revealed that the effects of witnessing violence were serious, varied, and generally framed in emotional and behavioral manifestations. Implications of these effects for clinical nursing research are considerable and merit further study.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Domestic violence and the nursing curriculum: tuning in and tuning up.

Domestic violence is a major health, social, and criminal justice problem in the United States. Although not confined to women, it is a growing concern of women and those who care for women. Nurses are often the first health care provider with whom the battered woman and her family interact. Reports of several studies indicate educational preparation of nurses is inadequate to assure sensitive, quality, and effective nursing care to those who have survived domestic violence. One purpose of this qualitative study was to identify and describe the essential knowledge and skills needed by nurses to provide competent, sensitive care. Interviews were conducted with 13 informants who were considered experts in violence-related care. Their responses were analyzed for categories of response and themes related to their feelings about domestic violence and the essential knowledge and skills nurses need to provide appropriate care. Findings provide data that can form the empirical bases for review of current curriculum content and strategies, indicate needed revisions, and serve as a framework for future curriculum development.

Battered Women↗

PubMed1999

Is the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) a reservoir host of American cutaneous leishmaniasis? A critical review of the current evidence.

Originally associated with forested areas, the transmission cycle of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) has now adapted to the domestic environment in at least 9 Latin American countries. Several studies have suggested that the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), which is already incriminated as the primary reservoir host of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL), may have a reservoir role in the domestic transmission of human ACL caused by Leishmania braziliensis, L. panamensis, and L. peruviana. This article reviews more than 90 studies reporting ACL infections in dogs, and concludes that as yet there is only circumstantial evidence to support that claim. Almost no data are available on the infectiousness of dogs to sandfly vectors of ACL, and there are few indications that either dog ownership or dog abundance are risk factors for ACL. Nevertheless, it has been proposed that incidence of ACL in humans could be reduced by targeting infected dogs. While this control strategy has been used for many decades against ZVL in Latin America, Europe, and Asia, there is little evidence to demonstrate its effectiveness either in theory or in practice. Particular concerns over the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tools, low compliance rates among dog owners, and cost-effectiveness are likely to apply equally to ACL control.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Nurses' knowledge and learning experiences in relation to the effects of domestic abuse on the mental health of children and adolescents.

Nurse researchers are yet to direct substantial attention towards addressing and understanding nurses' experiences of learning about and caring for child and adolescent victims of domestic abuse. This lack of recognition has resulted in the marginalisation of this issue. This paper seeks to explore nurses' present understanding and experiences of learning about the effects of domestic abuse on the mental health of children and adolescents. The research utilised an interpretive case study approach within a naturalistic paradigm. Snowball sampling of nursing staff within two mental health units was used. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews with each participant. Using a constant comparative method and hermeneutic dialectical process both the commonalities and differences regarding participants' multiple realities were identified. Three major categories emerged within the data. These were education, resources and nurses' role. It was apparent that nurses' knowledge and education about the effects of domestic abuse on the mental health of children and adolescents negatively impacted on nurses' ability to provide appropriate care. The research has clear implications for mental health nursing education, practice and future research.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Implications of bride price on domestic violence and reproductive health in Wakiso District, Uganda.

OBJECTIVE: Bride price payment is a gender issue with implications on gender relations in different socio-cultural contexts. It also impacts Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights. In a qualitative study on the perceptions of domestic violence in Wakiso district, payment of bride price emerged as one of the key factors associated with domestic violence. The study explored experiences, motivations, meanings, consequences and reproductive health implications of bride price payment in Wakiso district Uganda. METHODS: 10 single-sex focus group discussions and 14 in-depth interviews were conducted in Wakiso and Nangabo sub-counties, Wakiso district from July 2003 through March 2004. Data was analyzed by thematic content analysis, assisted by Easy Text software for data retrieval. FINDINGS: Participants perceived bride price as indicating that a woman was 'bought' into the man's household, which reduced her household decision-making roles. It limited women's independence and perpetuated unequal gender power relations, especially regarding health-seeking behaviour. CONCLUSION: Bride price payment is a contextual factor that the community in Wakiso District, Uganda, perceived as associated with domestic violence, with serious sexual and reproductive health implications.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Perceptions of health care providers in Mulago hospital on prevention and management of domestic violence.

OBJECTIVE: To explore knowledge, attitudes and practices of health workers in Mulago hospital towards domestic violence prevention and management, especially violence during pregnancy. METHODS: From 5(th) to 25(th) March 2000, self-administered pre-coded questionnaires were given to a purposively selected sample of 48 health workers identified from staff of the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department, Mulago hospital, Uganda. The questionnaire had 22 statements assessing knowledge, attitudes and practices, to which participants gave responses on a Likert scale ranging from whether they agreed, disagreed or were undecided. Responses were analyzed in terms of frequencies and percentages. To corroborate information obtained, in-depth interviews were conducted with clinic and ward administrators on knowledge, attitudes, practices and barriers to survivors' management. RESULTS: Many respondents had poor knowledge of domestic violence management or prevention. Though they believed counseling survivors was necessary, none of the in-depth interviewees had counseling skills or had ever referred patients or survivors for such counseling. Lack of technical competence, negative attitudes and institutional constraints were cited as main barriers to provision of optimal care to survivors. CONCLUSION: Health workers of Mulago hospital lacked knowledge on management, had negative attitudes and provided sub-optimal care to domestic violence survivors.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗

PubMed2000

Domestic violence in Australia: definition, prevalence and nature of presentation in clinical practice.

Domestic violence is a complex pattern of behaviours that may include, in addition to physical acts of violence, sexual abuse and emotional abuse. Women experience domestic violence at far greater rates than men do, and women and children often live in fear as a result of the abuse that is used by men to maintain control over their partners. Domestic violence is a major public health problem and is very common in women attending clinical practice. Women present most commonly with a range of chronic symptoms to unsuspecting general practitioners, emergency department doctors or medical specialists. Women who have experienced partner abuse want to be asked about it and are more likely to disclose if asked in an empathic, non-judgemental way. Doctors can make a difference.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

The impact of domestic violence on individuals.

There is extensive evidence of the adverse effects of domestic violence across all age groups and cultural backgrounds. The impact of domestic violence may be long-term, affecting emotional adjustment, physical health and subsequent relationships. Health professionals should be aware of the confounding effect of youth, age and cultural diversity on presentation. Shame and isolation militate against disclosure. Specific, sensitive questioning that incorporates awareness of cultural and social issues is essential to detect domestic violence and initiate appropriate assistance.

Aged↗

PubMed1982

Fatal pneumonia of bighorn sheep following association with domestic sheep.

During 1979-1980 acute fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia resulted in high mortality or total loss of herds of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in California and Washington. Contact with domestic sheep occurred shortly before the onset of disease in each case. Circumstantial evidence indicated that the apparently healthy domestic sheep transmitted pathogenic bacteria to the bighorns, resulting in mortality. Pasteurella multocida and Corynebacterium pyogenes were isolated from pulmonary tissue of dead bighorns. The presence of domestic sheep may have been an important stress which initiated or compounded the disease.

Animal Population Groups↗

PubMed1988

Experimental contact transmission of Pasteurella haemolytica from clinically normal domestic sheep causing pneumonia in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep.

Two Rocky Mountain bighorn lambs (Ovis canadensis canadensis) were held in captivity for 120 days before being housed with two domestic sheep. The lambs were clinically normal and had no Pasteurella spp. on nasal swab cultures. The domestic sheep were known to carry Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A in the nasal passages. After being in close contact for 19 days. P. haemolytica biotype A was cultured from nasal swabs of one of the bighorn lambs. By 26 days, both bighorn sheep developed coughs, were anorectic and became lethargic and nasal swabs yielded P. haemolytica biotype T, serotype 10. Twenty-nine days after contact, the lambs were necropsied and found to have extensive fibrinous bronchopneumonia. From affected tissues pure cultures of beta-hemolytic P. haemolytica biotype T, serotype 10 were grown. Both domestic sheep remained clinically normal and had no gross or microscopic lesions, but they carried the same P. haemolytica serotype in their tonsils. Behavioural observations gave no indication of stress in the bighorn lambs.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Meningeal worm in experimentally-infected bighorn and domestic sheep.

In the first (July 1989) of two experiments, each of three bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and three domestic sheep, respectively, was exposed to 25, 150, or 300 infective third-stage larvae (L3) of the meningeal worm, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis. Two bighorn sheep had temporary mild paresis and lumbar weakness; one developed paralysis and died suddenly 32 days after exposure. Adult P. tenuis were found deep within the brain and spinal cord of the one latter sheep. A generalized inflammatory response, characterized by subdural lymphoid aggregations adjacent to spinal nerve roots, was seen in the spinal cord of most domestic and bighorn sheep. In the second experiment (September 1990), each of six domestic sheep lambs and five white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns was exposed to a single dose of 15 to 125 L3 of meningeal worm. Clinical signs were seen in only one sheep; it was dull and depressed. No worms were found in this sheep. One dead adult meningeal worm was found on the brain of another sheep. First-stage larvae and adult meningeal worms were found in all deer.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Pasteurella spp. in sympatric bighorn and domestic sheep.

Domestic sheep were sighted at different times from 1991 to 1993 on four Nevada (USA) ranges occupied by bighorn sheep. Nasal and pharyngeal swab samples were collected from both sheep species and cultured to determine if any strains of Pasteurella spp. were shared on range conditions after contact of the two species. Pasteurella spp. were isolated from all 38 bighorn sheep and 16 of 17 domestic sheep included in this study. The isolates were characterized on the bases of species, biotype, serotype, biogroup, and restriction enzyme analyses (REA) as well as ribotyping of bacterial DNA. A P. haemolytica biotype 3, biogroup 11 isolate from a domestic sheep had biochemical, REA, and ribotype profiles which were identical to those of isolates from three bighorn sheep on the same range. None of the other isolates were found to be common to the two sheep species. Disease was not detected in any of the bighorn populations. However, bighorn sheep populations were extirpated on two ranges while increasing on the other two, including the range on which P. haemolytica biotype 3, biogroup 11 strain was isolated. Declining sheep numbers were not correlated with the presence of any one strain of Pasteurella spp from the sheep.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Do non-ruminant wildlife pose a risk of paratuberculosis to domestic livestock and vice versa in Scotland?

Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) was long considered only a disease of ruminants. Recently non-ruminant wildlife species have been shown to harbor Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the causative organism of paratuberculosis. We review the known non-ruminant wildlife host range of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and consider their role in the epidemiology of paratuberculosis in domestic ruminant livestock. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis has been isolated from lagomorph, canid, mustelid, corvid, and murid species. In agricultural environments domestic ruminants may contact wildlife and/or their excreta when grazing or feeding on farm-stored feed contaminated with wildlife feces, opening up the possibility of inter-species transmission. Of the wildlife species known to harbor M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Scotland, the rabbit is likely to pose the greatest risk to grazing livestock. Paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants is a notoriously difficult disease to control; the participation of non-ruminant wildlife in the epidemiology of the disease may partially account for this difficulty.

Animal Feed↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Domestic violence and men.

This article discusses the factors that influence or induce domestic violence, and why men who experience domestic violence decline to report or admit to a problem within their relationships. It includes a case study of a man who experienced domestic violence from his wife. There is discussion about the management of the client and the lack of available resources to help with his treatment.

Adult↗