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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Obesity induced by force-feeding and accompanying changes in body temperature and fertility in the male domestic fowl.

1. Excessive amounts of food (two-fold more than the ad libitum intake) introduced into the gastro-intestinal tract of three adult male fowls, for 5 weeks, caused a marked increase in body weight resulting mainly from fat deposition. 2. The induced obesity was accompanied by an increase of the rectal temperature (0-2 to 0-3 degrees C) and a decrease of the skin and comb temperatures, a cessation in the growth of the comb, a reduction in the blood packed cell volume, an eight-fold reduction in the number of spermatozoa in the vasa deferentia and a concomitant depression in their motility. 3. A decrease of the testosterone and an increase of luteinising hormone concentrations in the blood plasma was obtained in two of the three treated birds.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1976

The effects of progesterone on oviposition and ovulation in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus).

1. Following an injection of 0.5 or 0.1 mg progesterone/kg between 0 and 6 h after ovulation, oviposition of the resulting egg was delayed by 1 to 11 h and occurred 26 to 31 h after injection, depending on the dose. The injection terminated the laying of a sequence of eggs by causing the next ovulation to occur a day late. The delayed ovulation occurred at the time normally expected for the first ovulation a sequence and became the first of a new sequence. 2. Following an injection of 0.5 or 0.1 mg progesterone/kg between 6 and 15 h after ovulation, oviposition of the resulting egg was generally delayed by between 15 and 28 h and occurred at the same time of day as the next ovulation, which was delayed as in the first experimental situation. Subsequent ovulations were resynchronised and followed at intervals according to the normal sequence established before the injection. 3. Injection of 0.5, 0.1 or 0.05 mg progesterone/kg between 12 and 9 h before expected ovulation advanced the oviposition of the egg already in the uterus (shell gland) by about 3 h. The succeeding ovulation was either advanced or blocked. 4. These observations suggest that the pre-ovulatory surge of progesterone is directly or indirectly involved in the timing of oviposition and ovulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A comparison of the osmotic pressures along the digestive tract of the domestic fowl and the rabbit.

1. The osmotic pressures of the contents of the alimentary tract from the adult hen and cockerel and rabbit were measured. 2. In the rabbit osmolality of the fluids from the different segments of the digestive tract was similar (331 &/- 12 mOm) and slightly hypertonic to blood plasma (297 &/- 3-12 mOsm). 3. In the hen osmotic pressures were: crop 537, gizzard 312, duodenum 571, proximal jejunum 650, distal jejunum 573, proximal ileum 514 and distal ileum 451 mOsm. Only osmolality of the crop contents was influenced by egg formation. 4. In the cockerel osmotic pressure in the alimentary tract followed the same pattern as the hen and was modified by the time of day. 5. Plasma osmolality in the fowl was about 320 mOsm. Absorption of water across the proximal jejunum is achieved therefore against a gradient of about 330 mOsm in the female and 420 mOsm in the male fowl.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The effect of ragwort (Senecio jacobea) on the liver of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) : a histopathological and enzyme histochemical study.

1. Twenty-five 1-week-old male chicks were fed for 6 weeks on a standard diet incorporating 7% dried and ground ragwort (Senecio jacobea). The chicks received the standard diet for a further 6 weeks whilst a control group of 25 similar birds received the standard diet throughout. 2. Two birds from each group were killed at intervals of about 1 week and their livers were examined histologically and histochemically. 3. Ragwort feeding caused megalocytosis, focal necrosis, focal hyperplasia and portal fibrosis. There were no veno-occlusive changes. 4. As the lesion progressed there was an overall loss of enzyme activity especially in the areas of necrosis. The groups of small hyperplastic cells showed normal or increased activity and there was increased enzyme activity in the megalocytes. 5. The development of groups of proliferating cells may be a prelude to the neoplastic changes described in earlier reports of longer term studies of the effects of pyrolizidine alkaloids on the liver of chicks.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1977

The ultrastructure of the follicle wall of the domestic fowl during the phase of rapid growth.

The development of a standard technique for fixing the developing follicle for ultrastructural studies is described. 2. The follicle wall is shown to be a multi-layered structure which exhibits a number of morphological changes concomitant with yolk protein transfer, the most significant of which are the intercellular channels which form between the granulosa cells during the fast phase of protein transfer.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The use of osmolality as an aid to establishing consistent fixation quality: studies on the kidney of the domestic fowl.

1. Using the proximal convoluted tubule of the fowl kidney as indicator tissue the immersion application of fixatives of differing composition and osmolality was studied. 2. The best results were obtained with Dalton's buffered osmium tetroxide and with sodium cacodylate buffered glutaraldehyde followed by osmium post-fixation. 3. The most satisfactory component concentrations in both cases were those which most reproduced a total osmolality close to that of fowl plasma. With both types of fixation the ultrastructural image of the kidney tubule was sensitive to changes in fixative osmolality and differences were clearly identified over a 30 to 50 mOsm range. 4. With glutaraldehyde/osmium double fixation it was found that it was the total osmolality of the glutaraldehyde buffer combination that was to be considered in a study of osmolotic effects, not the osolality of the buffer vehicle alone. 5. The 30 to 50 mOsm difference in fixative osmolality that was able to be detected by studying the image of the kidney tubule was of the order of magnitude commonly experienced as experimental error in the laboratory as a result of changes in reagent batches or error in making up the solutions. The measurement of osmolality therefore provides an ideal quality control to the laboratory make-up of fixative solutions.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Growth hormone and prolactin secretion in growing domestic fowl: influence of sex and breed.

Plasma growth hormone (GH) and prolactin concentrations were measured between 1 and 24 weeks of age in both sexes of a laying strain of chickens and from 1 to 9 weeks of age in broiler cockerels. 2. GH and prolactin concentrations were highest in young birds and higher in males than in females. 3. In both sexes GH and prolactin concentrations were correlated inversely with age and body weight and positively with relative weight gain. 4. Differences in growth rate between broilers and layers were related to differences in blood GH concentrations. 5. Water deprivation for periods of 6, 12, 18 or 24 h increases plasma prolactin markedly but did not affect GH secretion significantly.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Heart rate response to egg rotation in the domestic fowl embryo.

1. In eggs turned about 12 times daily, around the long axis of the egg and through about 180 degrees, significant increases in heart rate occurred during turning on the 15th and 17th, although not on the 16th, d of incubation. 2. On and after the 18th d heart rate increases were more marked and occurred both during and after turning. 3. When a single group of embryos was turned every day for the last 4 d of incubation there were significant increases in heart rate on the last 3 d: this repeated retesting had no effect on the response to turning.

Animals↗