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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The practice of Consultants in Restorative Dentistry (UK) in routine infection control for impressions and laboratory work.

This investigation aimed to examine the practice of the members of The Consultants in Restorative Dentistry Group (UK) in relation to routine cross-infection control when handling impressions and items of prosthetic laboratory work. A questionnaire was sent to one hundred and twenty six members of the Group. A response rate of 63% was recorded. Seventy percent of respondents routinely rinsed and disinfected dental impressions. Twenty four percent routinely rinsed items of laboratory work and 44% routinely disinfected items of laboratory work. The results of this study demonstrate a lack of uniformity in the practice of members of the group in routine infection control for impressions and laboratory work.

Dental Impression Technique↗
PubMed2006

Device-associated infection rate and mortality in intensive care units of 9 Colombian hospitals: findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium.

OBJECTIVE: To perform active targeted prospective surveillance to measure device-associated infection (DAI) rates, attributable mortality due to DAI, and the microbiological and antibiotic resistance profiles of infecting pathogens at 10 intensive care units (ICUs) in 9 hospitals in Colombia, all of which are members of the International Infection Control Consortium. METHODS: We conducted prospective surveillance of healthcare-associated infection in 9 hospitals by using the definitions of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Nosocomial Surveillance System (NNIS). DAI rates were calculated as the number of infections per 100 ICU patients and per 1,000 device-days. RESULTS: During the 3-year study, 2,172 patients hospitalized in an ICU for an aggregate duration of 14,603 days acquired 266 DAIs, for an overall DAI rate of 12.2%, or 18.2 DAIs per 1,000 patient-days. Central venous catheter (CVC)-related bloodstream infection (BSI) (47.4% of DAIs; 11.3 cases per 1,000 catheter-days) was the most common DAI, followed by ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (32.3% of DAIs; 10.0 cases per 1,000 ventilator-days) and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) (20.3% of DAIs; 4.3 cases per 1,000 catheter-days). Overall, 65.4% of all Staphylococcus aureus infections were caused by methicillin-resistant strains; 40.0% of Enterobacteriaceae isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone and 28.3% were resistant to ceftazidime; and 40.0% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones, 50.0% were resistant to ceftazidime, 33.3% were resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam, and 19.0% were resistant to imipenem. The crude unadjusted attributable mortality was 16.9% among patients with VAP (relative risk [RR], 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-3.00; P=.002); 18.5 among those with CVC-associated BSI (RR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.42-2.87; P<.001); and 10.5% among those with CAUTI (RR, 1.58; 95% CI, 0.78-3.18; P=.19). CONCLUSION: The rates of DAI in the Colombian ICUs were lower than those published in some reports from other Latin American countries and were higher than those reported in US ICUs by the NNIS. These data show the need for more-effective infection control interventions in Colombia.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1991

Governmental regulations concerning infection control in dentistry.

This review discusses how governmental regulations concerning infection control affect dental practice procedures. Recently, changes have been made in state and federal legislation regarding these matters. These changes have forced dentists to evaluate seriously the risks involved in providing patient care.

Dental Equipment↗
PubMed2001

Cross infection control measures and the treatment of patients at risk of Creutzfeldt Jakob disease in UK general dental practice.

AIMS: To determine the suitability of key infection control measures currently employed in UK dental practice for delivery of dental care to patients at risk of prion diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS SUBJECTS: Five hundred dental surgeons currently registered with the General Dental Council of the UK. DATA COLLECTION: Structured postal questionnaire. ANALYSIS: Frequencies, cross-tabulations and chi-squared analysis. RESULTS: The valid response rate to the questionnaire was 69%. 33% of practices had no policy on general disinfection and sterilisation procedures. Only 10 of the 327 responding practices (3%) possessed a vacuum autoclave. 49% of dentists reported using the BDA medical history form but less than 25% asked the specific questions recommended by the BDA to identify patients at risk of iatrogenic or familial CJD. However, 63% of practitioners would refer such patients, if identified, to a secondary care facility. Of the 107 practitioners who were prepared to provide dental treatment, 75 (70%) would do so using routine infection control procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the dental practices surveyed were not actively seeking to identify patients at risk of prion diseases. In many cases, recommended procedures for providing safe dental care for such patients were not in place.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Hospital infection control practice for tuberculosis].

In Japan, annual incidence rate of tuberculosis was 31.0/10,000 population in 2000. But that of some hot spots, such as Osaka prefecture(61.5/10,000), were still high. Hospital infection control practice for tuberculosis in such a endemic area was discussed in this review. The tuberculosis infection-control program should be based on a hierarchy of control measures. The first level was local control practice in the area, the second level was administrative controls in the hospital, the third level was engineering control to prevent the spread of infectious doplet nuclei, and the fourth level was personal protection, such as N95 respirators. Because of general vaccination policy with BCG, detection of persons infected by M. tuberculosis were rather difficult in Japan, by using tuberculin skin test. In such a circumstance, how to select health care workers to whom chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid should be administered was also discussed.

Chemoprevention↗
PubMed1995

Health policy for infection control and epidemiology in critical care.

Intensive care medicine is a relatively new medical specialty that was instituted in the wake of massive polio epidemics in the early 1950s. This article presents various government and accrediting agencies and professional organizations that contribute to infection-control efforts in critical care medicine. Collaboration among clinicians and their respective professional organizations is required to ensure effective hospital infection control.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1996

Departmental role and scope in infection control: use of a template that meets Joint Commission requirements.

Since its inception in 1990, departmental role and scope in the infection control program have developed into the five important aspects currently defined by the Joint Commission. Each health care worker needs to understand his or her role in infection prevention and control, integrate it into daily activities, and articulate this role to others. This strategy for complying with Joint Commission standards meets customer needs and can easily be adapted for use in other medical centers. The process of defining departmental roles in the infection control program will continue to evolve with increased awareness of customer needs and emphasis on continuous quality improvement.

Hospital Departments↗
PubMed1998

The new viral haemorrhagic fever infection control guidelines.

This paper is a critical review of the infection control guidelines on the Management and Control of Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers issued in 1997 by the Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens. It is suggested that these guidelines are not realistic. An alternative set of more workable guidelines, possibly approved by one of the microbiological associations or one of the regional microbiology groups, should be the way forward.

Guidelines as Topic↗
PubMed1995

Infection control in dental radiology.

Although exposure to blood is rare in oral and maxillofacial radiology, contact with saliva occurs. Thus the spread of infectious diseases is possible through cross-contamination, and specific infection control protocols and unit dosing of items are needed. This article outlines rationale for implementing state-of-the-art infection procedures; and explains federal standards and guidelines with an impact on infection control and occupational safety in dental radiology procedures.

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗
PubMed1992

Infection control for dental radiographic procedures in US dental hygiene programmes.

Infection control in dental radiographic procedures in US dental hygiene programmes has been investigated by means of a questionnaire and 76% (n = 148) responded. For intra-oral radiography, all but two programmes required the use of gloves during exposure procedures and 94% also required them during processing. Glasses, masks and other protective clothing were required less frequently than gloves. Equipment and working surfaces in the radiographic operatory were generally either disinfected or draped. Equipment and working surfaces in the darkroom were not usually afforded the same degree of diligence in disinfection. Most programmes dried film packets before processing and gave no special treatment to films after processing. Waste products were generally either tied off and marked as a biohazard or sterilized.

Dental Hygienists↗
PubMed1995

Improvements in cross-infection control in general dental practice.

A questionnaire about cross-infection control was sent to all GDPs in five FHSAs in the North Western Region. Replies came from 312 dentists, a response rate of 74%. They worked in 185 practices, a response rate of 85%. Gloves were worn routinely by 86% of dentists and 80% of DSAs. Handpieces were autoclaved between patients in 77% of practices. Much however, remains to be improved. DSAs could be better protected if more ultrasonic cleaners were used, eye protection encouraged and heavy duty gloves were available for cleaning instruments. BDA guidelines were reported as being the most influential factor, though it would appear that the media did persuade many practitioners to use autoclavable handpieces and sterilise them after each use.

Dental Equipment↗
PubMed2004

Infection control compliance issues and questions.

This article uses the 2003 CDC infection control guidelines for dentistry as a framework for discussing representative questions and issues that continue to be raised by dental health care workers. Where applicable, additional supporting evidence will be incorporated to provide appropriate, useful information, to assist in understanding and complying with updated recommendations.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1992

Studies on the use of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation to control infectivity of Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae.

The purpose of the present study was to observe the survival and development of Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae in their final hosts after Cobalt-60 gamma irradiation of isolated metacercariae or the parasite in fish. Guinea pigs or albino rats were orally infected with irradiated metacercariae by gavage. Bioassay, fecal examination for ova, and necropsy of infected animals, were the methods used for the estimation of minimum effective dose of gamma irradiation to control infectivity of the metacercariae. Results showed that the minimum effective irradiation dose for isolated metacercariae was 0.05 kGy. The LD50 of the irradiation dose for metacercariae in fish was 0.05 kGy, and the minimum effective dose was 0.15 kGy. No significant difference in radiation susceptibility to Co-60 gamma irradiation was found among C. sinensis metacercariae in fishes collected at different localities in northern, middle or southern parts of China. The present finding suggests that irradiation of fish by 0.15 kGy could control infectivity of C. Sinensis metacercariae and thus be adopted as a control measure in preventing infections.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Potential confounding in evaluating infection-control interventions in hospital settings: changing antibiotic prescription.

The colonization dynamics of antibiotic-resistant pathogens in hospital settings are complex, with multiple and continuously interacting variables (e.g., introduction of resistance, infection-control practices, antibiotic use). Quantification of these variables is indispensable in the evaluation of intervention studies, because these variables represent potential confounders. In this article, the complexity of colonization dynamics is described. Through a systematic review, we identified studies that evaluated the modification of antibiotic prescription to reduce antibiotic resistance in intensive care units (n=19), and the extent of confounding-control was determined. Most studies evaluated antimicrobial restriction/substitution (n=12) or antibiotic rotation (n=4). Sixteen studies had a prospective cohort design (before-after), of which 12 were without a control group. Introduction of antibiotic resistance was determined in 10 studies. The relative importance of colonization routes and adherence to infection-control measures were not determined in any study. Therefore, it remains uncertain whether observed changes in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance after intervention were causally related to the intervention. Appropriate choices of study design, primary end point (colonization rates rather than infection rates) and statistical tests, determination of colonization routes, and control of potential confounders are needed to increase validity of intervention studies.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2004

Clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners: complementary roles for infectious disease and infection control.

BACKGROUND: The escalation of infectious diseases worldwide heralds an unprecedented need for nurses with advanced practice graduate preparation. OBJECTIVE: To describe how a graduate program prepares clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners in infectious diseases or infection control to provide distinct yet complementary care for patients with contagious disease and potentially antimicrobial-resistant infections. RESULTS: The University of Washington School of Nursing launched a new master of nursing program for infectious disease and infection control to reduce the threat of infectious diseases and multiple-resistant organisms.

Communicable Diseases↗
PubMed1994

Preventing the Spread of Vancomycin Resistance--A Report from the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee prepared by the Subcommittee on Prevention and Control of Antimicrobial-Resistant Microorganisms in Hospitals; comment period and public meeting--CDC. Notice.

This notice is a request for review and comment of the draft document, Preventing the Spread of Vancomycin Resistance--A Report From the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) Prepared by the Subcommittee on Prevention and Control of Antimicrobial-Resistant Microorganisms in Hospitals. The draft document was prepared in collaboration with the National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID), CDC, and representatives of the American Hospital Association, American Society for Microbiology, Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, and Surgical Infection Society.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗