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Results for “Intention”

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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Intentional delivery versus expectant management with preterm ruptured membranes at 30-34 weeks' gestation.

OBJECTIVE: To determine maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by preterm rupture of membranes (PROM) at 30-34 weeks' gestation. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to study the benefits of expectant management in women hospitalized for PROM at 30-34 weeks' gestation. During this investigation, no tocolytics, corticosteroids, or prophylactic antibiotics were used. RESULTS: Sixty-eight women with PROM were managed expectantly and 61 were delivered intentionally. The mean gestational age at study entry was 31.7 weeks in both the expectant management and intentional delivery groups (P > .05). The mean gestational ages at delivery were similar (32.0 and 31.7 weeks, respectively). Other indices of pregnancy outcome (ie, birth weight, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, and perinatal death) were not significantly improved by expectant management. However, there was a significant increase in the incidence of chorioamnionitis and antepartum hospitalization in the women managed expectantly. CONCLUSION: There were no clinically significant neonatal advantages to expectant management of ruptured membranes at 30-34 weeks. Antepartum hospitalization was decreased by 2.5 days in those women randomized to intentional delivery.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Intentional replantation.

Intentional replantation is an accepted endodontic procedure for treating teeth in cases in which intracanal and/or surgical endodontic treatments are not recommended. Although not a frequently used technique, intentional replantation is a treatment option that dentists should consider. An unusual case is described in which intentional replantation was required to maintain the tooth in the dentition. A 31 month follow-up evaluation revealed an asymptomatic, functional tooth with no radiographic signs of pathosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Intentional replantation of endodontically treated teeth.

This article reports 31 cases of intentional replantation with an overall success rate of 80.6% with six recorded failures. Survival times varied from 1 day to 22 years. A second mandibular molar that failed after 3 weeks was replanted successfully a second time with no signs of failure after a 46-month follow-up period. Two cases of intentional replantation of deciduous molars are also reported. We suggest that intentional replantation reduces adverse outcomes and should be considered as another treatment modality and not as a procedure of last resort. This procedure is recommended as the treatment of choice in the following instances: for lower second molars, for single-rooted teeth, and lower first molars when there is difficulty in accessibility to perform apical surgery; when the mental foramen is superimposed over the apex of the premolars; when the molar apex is in proximity to the mandibular canal; when patients object to periradicular surgery; when failures occur after apical surgery, or when surgery would create a periodontal pocket as a result of extensive bone removal. Periradicular surgery with a retroseal is more advantageous for first molars when roots are more curved, widespread, and are more prone to fracture compared with second molars whose roots are more tapered and close together.

Contraindications↗

PubMed1992

Mammography knowledge and intentions among insured women.

UNLABELLED: METHOD. A survey was conducted among 1,113 randomly selected insured state university employees to evaluate knowledge of the American Cancer Society mammography guidelines, awareness of insurance coverage for screening mammograms, previous guideline adherence, and future mammography intentions. RESULTS: The survey, which included two mailings with follow-up phone cells of nonresponders, had a refusal rate of 6%. Respondents were relatively more likely to know the guideline for older age groups; 77% knew the guidelines for women 50+. Over one-third of the responders were not aware that their insurance policy covered screening mammograms. For women who had never had a mammogram, insurance knowledge was significantly related to intentions to have a mammogram in the future. Previous screening adherence, as well as future intentions, was positively related to the age of the respondent. The results are contrasted with those of previous studies, and the implications for the content of future breast cancer screening campaigns are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Parents of adolescents: help-seeking intentions as a function of help sources and parenting issues.

This study examined the declared intentions of parents of adolescents to seek help from potential sources for a variety of hypothetical problems related to parenting. The relationship between hypothetical help-seeking and certain characteristics of the help-seeker (sex, educational level, parenting, self-confidence, birth order, and sex of the adolescent), and the source of help (natural support system, professional support system, and media); and the problem type were investigated. The research population included 187 parents of adolescents. A questionnaire was formulated for the purpose of the study which examined help-seeking from nine sources of help on eight hypothetical parenting issues. Intention to seek help was found to be a function of both the particular problem type and the potential source of help. In general, parents declared their intention to seek help from and rely on a variety of sources. It was found that parents said that they were most likely to seek help from their spouses regardless of the issue, whereas professional sources were most likely to be consulted in their area of expertise.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Acne keloidalis nuchae: treatment with excision and second-intention healing.

BACKGROUND: Acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the posterior aspect of the neck and occipital region of the scalp. Despite numerous medical and surgical treatment modalities, few offer cure or a superior cosmetic result for patients with extensive disease. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether excision with second-intention healing is an effective therapeutic modality for AKN. METHODS: Excision of the involved area to the level of the muscle fascia or deep subcutaneous tissue was performed in six patients. Postoperative sites healed by second intention. RESULTS: Four of six patients had a horizontal elliptic excision of the involved area that included the posterior hairline, with good to excellent results. The other two, who received nonelliptic excision of affected scalp that spared the hairline, had slower wound healing and poor contraction. CONCLUSION: Best results were achieved in excision of AKN with second-intention healing when the excision was a horizontal ellipse of the posterior aspect of the scalp including the posterior hairline.

Acne Keloid↗

PubMed1993

An application of Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour to predict mothers' intention to use oral rehydration therapy in a rural area of Benin.

The aim of this study was to identify the psychological factors influencing mothers' intentions to use oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for the treatment of children's diarrhea in rural areas in South Benin. The subjects were 128 illiterate and animist mothers, selected at random in the areas of Pahou and Avlekete. Mothers were interviewed at home, using a pre-tested instrument investigating predictors of motivation as defined in Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour. The variables measured were intentions, attitudes, subjective social norm, perceived behavioural control and socio-demographic indicators. The regression of intention on all variables yielded an adjusted R2 of 0.40 (P < 0.0001), with perceived consequences of using ORT, perceived barriers to its use, and the zone of habitation being the significant predictors. The results suggest that the promotion of the use of ORT for treatment of diarrhea, in these areas, should be facilitated if the mothers perception of the advantages of using ORT is reinforced and if they have easier access to the health care services offered by local village health workers.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Intentions and outcomes in the radiotherapeutic management of epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma.

The indications for and outcome of radiotherapy for 226 epidemic Kaposi's sarcomas are reported. The overall likelihood of obtaining complete regression of tumor masses was 68%, although residual purple pigmentation remained in 20%. Local recurrence developed in 9%. The indications for treatment were not equally represented. Palliation of pain or improvement of the patient's appearance were the most common indications for treatment. Kaposi's sarcoma lesions do not all behave in a like manner. Best fit log-linear models of associations among the variables were derived. They demonstrated that the combination of treatment intention, anatomic site, and Karnofsky score predicted the short-term and long-term tumor response. The intention of treatment was closely linked to the anatomic site of treatment and in concert directly influenced outcome. The host's Karnofsky score was an independent predictive factor, but had less impact on outcome than did site or intention. Our data demonstrate that case selection can markedly alter the observed response rate of epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma to radiotherapy. This finding should be considered in future analyses of trials that test the efficacy of treatment for this disease.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Intentional and unintentional abuse of infants and children.

Intentional abuse of an infant is usually apparent. External injuries such as burns, bites, and bruises, as well as the skeletal changes of fractures, frequently multiple and in various stages of healing, are obviously intentionally inflicted, and are impossible accidental injuries for the nonambulatory young infant. Similar injuries in young children may be more difficult to evaluate because of their fear of and intimidation by the person who inflicted the injury. Fortunately, the high degree of suspicion regarding the nature of the injury permits the physician to make his accusations with legal protection in our judicial system. Every radiologist should be concerned with the responsibility of reporting to the referring physician the possibility of intentional trauma to infants and children. In Harris County, where Houston is located, there are 1,500 reports per month of child abuse; in other words, this approximates 18,000 cases a year in our community, and the radiologist is frequently the first physician to see evidence of the abused child. Not only is it a moral responsibility for the radiologist to report his suspicions, but in the state of Texas, as in other states, "any person having cause to believe that a child's physical and mental health, or welfare has been or may be adversely affected by abuse or neglect shall report" to the appropriate agency. A more recent amendment to this law is a penalty for failure to report. A person commits an offense if the person has cause to believe that a child's physical and mental health or welfare has been or may be adversely affected further by abuse or neglect and knowingly fails to report it. It is hoped that any radiologist recognizing either pathognomonic or suspicious signs of child abuse will have the conscience and courage to take a strong stand for the protection of the abused infant or child. Accidental injuries in older children may offer problems in diagnosis if there is no history available or if there is a denial of an injury. Some of these injuries may produce radiographic findings suggesting some form of metaphyseal or diaphyseal dysplasia. Iatrogenic injuries are frequently the result of physiologic or anatomical response to proper and lifesaving treatment. The most serious of these are found in the premature infant, who may suffer chronic lung disease or, more seriously, brain damage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗

PubMed1994

Intentions to use hormone replacement therapy in a community sample of 45-year-old women.

A sample of 45-year-old women from 5 general practices in South London were asked about their intentions to use hormone replacement therapy by postal questionnaire. One hundred and six women (60%) responded. Ninety women who were not taking HRT formed the study sample. Over 80% expressed an opinion when asked about future HRT use. Forty-four percent expressed an intention to use HRT, 42% expressed an intention not to, and 13% expressed a lack of knowledge on which to base a decision. Reasons given by intenders were based on general hopes to 'feel better' among others. Non-intenders gave reasons reflecting disinclination to use drugs and to interfere with a normal process, as well as concerns about side-effects. The characteristics of intenders and non-intenders were compared. There were no significant differences between groups in socio-demographic variables, or in general and gynaecological health factors. However, HRT intenders reported significantly lower self-esteem, higher levels of depressed mood, anxiety, and negative attitudes to the menopause. They also expressed stronger beliefs in their doctors' ability-as opposed to their own- to control their menopause experience. These results suggest that some women might be seeking HRT at menopause to help alleviate pre-existing emotional difficulties and this may have important implications for treatment adherence.

Data Collection↗

PubMed1995

Reliability and validity of measures used to elicit health expectations, values, tradeoffs and intentions to be immunized for hepatitis B.

We evaluated measures eliciting health expectations, health values, health tradeoffs and intentions to take hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine among health science and technology students. We tested 23 students two weeks apart and then surveyed a cross-section of 373 students in 6 health disciplines. In a subsequent prospective study, 863 students were tested, invited to be immunized, and followed to observe who presented for immunization. The test-retest reliability coefficients exceeded 0.80 for all but the health value measures. All but the health values measures discriminated between those with strong and weak intentions to be immunized. Expectation measures discriminated among disciplines with different risks of exposure to blood and body fluids. The intention, health tradeoff and expectation measures discriminated between those who did and did not present themselves for immunization. We conclude that all but the health values measures met acceptable standards of reliability and validity. Health value tradeoff measures are more discriminating than health value measures.

Allied Health Personnel↗

PubMed1992

Self-efficacy, hedonistic expectancies, and condom-use intentions among inner-city black adolescent women: a social cognitive approach to AIDS risk behavior.

The effects on condom-use intentions of an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention intervention based on social cognitive theory were investigated among 19 sexually active black adolescent women recruited from an inner-city family planning clinic. The women received the social cognitive intervention designed to increase perceived self-efficacy and favorable outcome expectancies about the hedonistic consequences of using condoms or one of two control interventions: An information-alone intervention designed to increase AIDS knowledge or a general health-promotion intervention designed to provide information about important health problems other than AIDS. All interventions lasted 105 min and involved films and small-group exercises. Participants' evaluations did not differ among conditions. As hypothesized, analysis of covariance indicated that participants in the social cognitive condition reported greater intentions to use condoms than did those in the two control conditions. In addition, participants in the social cognitive condition scored higher in perceived self-efficacy and favorable hedonistic expectancies--the two hypothesized mediators of the intervention effect. Although participants who received the information-alone intervention subsequently had greater AIDS knowledge than did those in the health promotion condition, they did not express greater intentions to use condoms. These results highlight the value of a social cognitive approach to AIDS risk behavior: outcome expectancies regarding the effects of precautionary practices on sexual enjoyment and perceived self-efficacy to implement such practices play an important role in decisions about condom use.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1993

Self-efficacy and intent to use condoms among entering college freshmen.

We examined self-efficacy theory's ability to explain adolescents' intent to use condoms. In this study, 673 males and 404 females (mean age, 17.8 years) about to begin college, completed health surveys measuring self-efficacy regarding condom use. Perceived self-efficacy differed by gender and sexual experience. Regression analysis demonstrated that frequency of past condom use, perceived ability to talk with new partner about condoms and to enjoy sex using condoms explained 16% of sexually active males' intent to use condoms (p < 0.05). For sexually active females, explanators included frequency of past use and perceived ability to enjoy sex with condoms (R2 = 29.8%, p < 0.05). For never sexually active males, perceived ability to convince partner to use condoms and to buy condoms explained 16.1% of intent (p < 0.05); among never sexually active females, only perceived ability to convince partner to use condoms was significant (R2 = 6.2%, p < 0.05). Efforts to increase condom use should enhance perceptions of ability to negotiate aspects of condom use.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Influence of attitudes on the intention to use condoms in Quebec sexually active male adolescents.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of attitudes and other variables on the intention to use condoms in sexually active male adolescents. METHODS: The survey was conducted from April to June 1989 on a sample of 433 sexually active boys aged 12-19 years registered in secondary schools in Laval, Quebec. RESULTS: Information on condoms provided by parents, peers, school, or media had no positive effect on male adolescents' intention to use condoms. Having a favorable attitude towards contraceptive responsibility, however, was significantly associated with the outcome variable. Endorsement of this responsibility seemed short-lived being replaced by the birth control pill in older adolescents. The study also found that in younger adolescents, intention to use condoms was significantly associated with supportive parental attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study highlight the importance of developing strategies to encourage sexually active male adolescents to assume greater responsibility for using condoms, and suggest that in order for programs to be effective, STD and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome prevention should be done at younger ages while encouraging parents to take a greater role in sex education.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

The role of inferences about referential intent in word learning: evidence from autism.

Young children are readily able to use known labels to constrain hypotheses about the meanings of new words under conditions of referential ambiguity. At issue is the kind of information children use to constrain such hypotheses. According to one theory, children take into account the speaker's intention when solving a referential puzzle. In the present studies, children with autism were impaired in monitoring referential intent, but were equally successful as normally developing 24-month-old toddlers at mapping novel words to unnamed items under conditions of referential ambiguity. Therefore, constraints that lead the child to map a novel label to a previously unnamed object under these circumstances are not solely based on assessments of speakers' intentions.

Autistic Disorder↗

PubMed2004

Emotional intelligence and smoking risk factors in adolescents: interactions on smoking intentions.

PURPOSE: To examine interactions between emotional intelligence (EI) and smoking risk factors on smoking intentions in adolescents. METHODS: EI ios defined as the ability to: accurately perceive, appraise, and express emotion; access and/or generate feelings in facilitating thought; understand emotion and emotional knowledge; and regulate emotions. EI of 416 6th graders (53% girls) from middle schools in the Los Angeles area (mean age = 11.3 years; 32% Latino, 29% Asian/Pacific Islander, 13% white, 19% Multiethnic, 6% Other) was assessed with an abbreviated version of the Multifactor Emotional Intelligence Scale, Adolescent Version (MEIS). This was a competence-based measure assessing an individual's ability to perceive, understand, and manage emotion. Logistic regression models were fit to test interactions between EI and ever trying cigarettes, hostility, and perceived ability to refuse a cigarette from someone just met, on intentions to smoke in the next year. RESULTS: High EI adolescents were more likely to intend to smoke in the next year if they had previously experimented with smoking. Those with low EI were more likely to intend to smoke if their perceived ability to refuse a cigarette offer from a person they just met was low or hostility level was high. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results indicate that EI interacts with risk factors to reduce smoking intentions, and contributes evidence to a link between EI and smoking in adolescents.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Predicting fruit consumption: cognitions, intention, and habits.

OBJECTIVE: To study predictors of fruit intake in a sample of 627 adults. DESIGN: Potential predictors of fruit intake were assessed at baseline, and fruit intake was assessed at two-week follow-up with self-administered questionnaires distributed by e-mail. SETTING: The study was conducted among Dutch adult members of an Internet research panel. PARTICIPANTS: A random sample of 627 adults aged 18-78. VARIABLES MEASURED: Attitudes, subjective norms, self-efficacy, expected pros and cons, habit strength, intention, and fruit intake. Fruit intake was assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire. ANALYSIS: Hierarchical linear and logistic regression analyses. Alpha < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Sex, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived pros, different self-efficacy expectations, and habit strength were significantly associated with the intention to eat two or more servings of fruit per day. Age, intentions, and habit strength were significant predictors of consumption of two or more servings of fruit per day. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The results confirm that Theory of Planned Behavior constructs predict fruit intake, and that habit strength and different self-efficacy expectations may be additional determinants relevant to fruit intake. Because habitual behavior is considered to be triggered by environmental cues, fruit promotion interventions should further explore environmental change strategies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Use, intentions, and beliefs about hormone replacement therapy in women with and without diabetes.

OBJECTIVES: (1) Describe women's (a) hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use patterns, (b) intentions to use or continue to use HRT among women in the early and late stages of menopause, and (c) beliefs about using HRT and (2) compare these beliefs, patterns, and intentions between women with and without diabetes 10-12 months after news from the women's health initiative was widely publicized. METHODS: A survey mailed to female enrollees of a not-for-profit managed care organization (MCO) between 46 and 60 years of age and with or without diabetes. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Chi-square analysis was used to determine significant differences between four different HRT use and menopause stage groups, (1) early stage never user, (2) late stage never user, (3) late stage current user, and (4) late stage previous user. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to identify significant belief differences between the four groups. Repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to examine differences between women with and without diabetes. RESULTS: Most women did not intend to initiate HRT. About 86% of current HRT users intended to continue. Never users with diabetes were significantly more uncertain about HRT intention than non-diabetic women. All beliefs were significantly different (p<0.001) between the four groups, but not between women with and without diabetes. CONCLUSION: Women in different groups hold different beliefs about HRT use. Uncertainty among women with diabetes is not resolved as quickly as among women without diabetes.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗