PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Lithium Compounds”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Hyponatremia: why it matters, how it presents, how we can manage it.

Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder among hospitalized patients and has been associated with increased mortality. Most patients are asymptomatic, but many do present with symptoms, usually of a generalized neurologic nature. Based-on medical history, physical examination (including volume-status assessment), and laboratory tests, patients can be classified as having either hypervolemic, euvolemic, or hypovolemic hyponatremia. Management depends on the speed of hyponatremia onset; its degree, duration, and symptoms; and whether there are risk factors for neurologic complications. The risks of overly rapid correction must be weighed against the benefits of treating hyponatremia. Traditional therapies have significant limitations. New agents that antagonize arginine vasopressin at the V2 receptor or both the V(1A) and V2 receptors show promise for treating hypervolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia, as they induce desired free water diuresis without inducing sodium excretion.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Fracture toughness measurement of dental ceramics using the indentation fracture method with different formulas.

This study examined fracture toughness (KIC) measurements obtained using the indentation fracture (IF) method with a view to improving their reliability. The KIC values of five dental ceramics were measured using the IF method with five different formulas, and the single-edge precracked beam (SEPB) method was used as a control. The elastic moduli of the dental ceramics were evaluated by dynamic hardness test. Load conditions of the dental ceramics that produced a median/radial crack for the IF method formulas were investigated. Based on the resultant c/a and P/c1.5 values, the indentation load (P) required for median/radial crack occurrence varied greatly from 29.4 to 196 N depending on the ceramic used. Among the five formulas, none of the KIC values obtained by the IF method with Miyoshi's formula differed significantly (p > 0.05) from the values obtained using SEPB method. These results suggested that, after an appropriate indentation load is determined, reliable KIC values for small dental ceramic specimens can be easily obtained using the IF method if Miyoshi's formula is used in combination with the dynamic hardness test.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Shear bond strengths of different substrates bonded to lithium disilicate ceramics.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strengths of pre- and untreated resin core materials to lithium disilicate ceramics. Bond strengths to dental hard tissues served as controls. Ceramic cubes (IPS-Empress II) were luted either with a one-step (Variolink II/Excite DSC) or multiple-step total etching bonding system (Tetric Flow/Syntac Classic) to ground surfaces of human enamel, dentin, and resin core materials (Clearfil Core, Multicore). Resin core materials were additionally pretreated with hydrofluoric acid (HF) or were silica-coated (CoJet System). Shear bond strengths were determined after 24-hour water storage (n=10) and thermocycling (TC) (n=10; 2000 cycles, 5-55 degrees C, 30 seconds). Bond strengths to enamel, dentin, and silica-coated composites were significantly higher compared to untreated and HF-pretreated composites (p<0.05; Tukey B). Indeed, silica coating of the composite resins significantly increased the bond strength to ceramics (p<0.05; Tukey B). Due to the lower bond strength values of ceramics to untreated composite resins (as compared to enamel and dentin), any indication for a resin core build-up prior to the preparation of a ceramic restoration should be considered carefully.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2006

Management of comorbid bipolar disorder and substance abuse.

Rates of alcohol and other substance abuse or dependence disorders are substantially higher in persons with bipolar disorders than in the general population, reaching approximately 61% in patients with bipolar I disorder. As a result, clinicians must be prepared to treat substance use disorders and bipolar disorder simultaneously. This presentation reviews data from the 4 published randomized, controlled trials of pharmacotherapy (lithium, carbamazepine, valproate, and quetiapine) in this population. Also reviewed are data from promising open-label, uncontrolled trials. While the results of published research have been generally positive and support the efficacy and tolerability of several agents from different classes in patients with a dual diagnosis of bipolar disorder and substance abuse or dependence, more randomized, controlled research is needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Update on bipolar disorder and substance abuse: recent findings and treatment strategies.

Between 40% and 70% of people with bipolar disorder have a history of substance use disorder. A current or past comorbid substance use disorder may lead to worse outcomes for bipolar disorder, including more symptoms, more suicide attempts, longer episodes, and lower quality of life. Unfortunately, few treatments have been studied in patients with both illnesses, and large controlled trials are needed. Evidence from small studies suggests that some treatments proven for bipolar disorder (e.g., divalproex, lithium, quetiapine, lamotrigine, and psychotherapy) may decrease substance abuse or dependence. Both the bipolar disorder and the substance use disorder should be considered when determining the best management strategy. Once treatment has begun, clinicians should ensure that medication and psychotherapy are administered appropriately and that treatment is modified when there is inadequate response.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed2006

Adjunctive topiramate therapy in patients receiving a mood stabilizer for bipolar I disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of topiramate versus placebo as adjunctive therapy for the outpatient management of bipolar I disorder. METHOD: In this 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adults with bipolar I disorder (DSM-IV criteria) experiencing a manic or mixed episode with a Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score of >or= 18 while taking therapeutic levels of valproate or lithium received adjunctive topiramate or placebo. Topiramate was titrated from 25 to 400 mg/day over 8 weeks and was continued for 4 additional weeks. The study was conducted from October 2001 through October 2003. The primary outcome measure was the change in YMRS score from baseline to last study visit during the double-blind phase. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD change in YMRS score from baseline was -10.1 +/- 8.7 (-40.1%) in the topiramate group (N = 143) and -9.6 +/- 8.2 (-40.2%) in the placebo group (N = 144, p = .797). Greater than 50% reduction in YMRS was achieved by 39% of the topiramate group and 38% of the placebo group (p = .914). No significant treatment differences were observed for secondary efficacy measures. Compared with adjunctive placebo, adjunctive topiramate did not worsen mania or induce depression. Paresthesia, diarrhea, and anorexia were more common in the topiramate group. The topiramate group achieved greater reductions than the placebo group in body weight (-2.5 vs. 0.2 kg, p < .001) and body mass index (-0.84 vs. 0.07 kg/m(2), p < .001). CONCLUSION: In patients treated with lithium or valproate, there was no difference in the reduction of YMRS score in the topiramate and placebo groups. Both groups showed declines of 40%. Topiramate reduced body weight significantly relative to placebo without worsening depressive or manic symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Incidence and time course of subsyndromal symptoms in patients with bipolar I disorder: an evaluation of 2 placebo-controlled maintenance trials.

BACKGROUND: Subsyndromal symptoms in bipolar disorder can cause significant functional impairment and are associated with relapse. METHOD: In this post hoc analysis from 2 randomized, double-blind, 18-month, placebo-controlled maintenance trials for bipolar I disorder (both trials were conducted between August 1997 and August 2001 and used DSM-IV criteria), the incidence, time course, and impact of pharmacotherapy on subsyndromal symptoms were examined. RESULTS: Subsyndromal symptoms occurred in approximately 25% of all visits. Compared with placebo (54.8%), a significantly higher mean percentage of visits in remission were observed with lamotrigine treatment (63.0%, p = .020) but not with lithium treatment (60.0%, p = .165). The median time to onset of subsyndromal symptoms for lamotrigine (N = 223), lithium (N = 164), and placebo (N = 188) was 15, 15, and 9 days, respectively. Compared with placebo, both lamotrigine and lithium significantly delayed the time from randomization to onset of subsyndromal symptoms (p = .046, lamotrigine vs. placebo; p = .033, lithium vs. placebo; p = .763, lamotrigine vs. lithium) and the time from onset of subsyndromal symptoms to subsequent mood episode (p = .037, lamotrigine vs. placebo; p = .023, lithium vs. placebo; p = .845, lamotrigine vs. lithium). Agreement between the polarities of the first-observed subsyndromal symptom and subsequent intervention for mood episode was statistically significant (p < .001). CONCLUSION: Subsyndromal symptoms are common during maintenance treatment and appear to be associated with relapse into an episode of the same polarity. Both lithium and lamotrigine delayed the onset of subsyndromal symptoms and the time from onset of subsyndromal symptoms to subsequent relapse. Further study to assess whether treatment intervention can minimize subsyndromal symptoms or prevent relapse is encouraged.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Inositol and IP3 levels regulate autophagy: biology and therapeutic speculations.

We recently showed that lithium induces autophagy via inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) inhibition, leading to free inositol depletion and reduced myo-inositol-1,4, 5-triphosphate (IP3) levels. This represents a novel way of regulating mammalian autophagy, independent of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Induction of autophagy by lithium led to enhanced clearance of autophagy substrates, like mutant huntingtin fragments and mutant alpha-synucleins, associated with Huntington's disease (HD) and some autosomal dominant forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), respectively. Similar effects were observed with a specific IMPase inhibitor and mood-stabilizing drugs that decrease inositol levels. This may represent a new therapeutic strategy for upregulating autophagy in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, where the mutant protein is an autophagy substrate. In this Addendum, we review these findings, and some of the speculative possibilities they raise.

Autophagy↗
PubMed2006

[Lithium intoxication].

Lithium intoxication has a low prevalence, the 75% of patients with treatment with lithium could have toxic levels of lithium during the treatment. Asymptomatic patients have been observed with doses under 2.5 mmol/L. Systems with high prevalence of symptoms are the nervous system, gastrointestinal tube and cardiovascular. Symptoms could appear from two hours to four hours after ingestion. Early hours after lithium ingestion, levels of lithium are not related with severity. However, monitoring seric levels is necessary to lead therapeutic approach and to give a prognosis. Induce urine with isotonic solution, is used during therapeutic approach. Other therapeutic option is dialysis. In summary, intoxication with lithium could be a severe situation. It is necessary to describe therapeutic protocols in this entity.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions↗
PubMed2004

Enniatin production by the entomopathogenic fungus Verticillium hemipterigenum BCC 1449.

Optimal fermentation conditions for enniatin production using the entomopathogenic fungus Verticillium hemipterigenum BCC 1449 have been investigated. Among various liquid media tested, highest efficiency of enniatin production was achieved by fermentation in yeast extract sucrose. Application of this condition to large-scale fermentation resulted in the isolation of three new analogs, O1, O2 and O3, which are closely related isomers that were characterized as an inseparable mixture, along with seven known enniatins.

Acetylation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A clinical investigation on three-unit fixed partial dentures fabricated with a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic.

A lithium disilicate glass-ceramic material has recently been developed for the fabrication of 3-unit fixed partial dentures. Conducted on 60 restorations, this initial trial attempted to define clinical indications and establish design principles for fixed partial dentures fabricated of this ceramic material. The design requisites varied depending on placement on the arch, and the authors concluded that lithium disilicate restorations caused reduced antagonist structure or opposing tooth wear. This investigation demonstrated that when a novel ceramic system was utilized for 3-unit restorations replacing up to the first premolar and attained minimal criteria for connector dimensions, an acceptable clinical success rate was achieved.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Restoring anterior aesthetics and occlusion.

The use of Empress2 material in this specific case produced the strong restoration desired and allowed reproduction of natural vitality and translucency. The results offered by the material exceeded patient as well as doctor expectations.

Aged↗