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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Microbiologic diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori and its resistance to antibiotics].

From March 1995 to February 1996 a total of 386 gastroduodenal biopsies were processed for microbiological diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori which included culture, Gram staining and urease test. For susceptibility studies to five antimicrobial agents, 35 additional gastroduodenal biopsies (n = 421) were added. There were 272 (70.4%) positive cultures, 220 (56.9%) samples with positive urase test and 244 (63.2%) with positive result in Gram-staining; both tests were statistically significant compared with culture (p < 0.05). Considering culture as the reference method, sensitivity and specificity values for the urease test were 77.0% and 92.1% and for Gram staining 86.7% and 92.9%, respectively. A total of 11 isolates were recovered from the 35 biopsies processed only for culture. Susceptibility testing of 283 isolates (272 + 11) was performed to the following antimicrobials: amoxicillin, metronidazole, clarithromycin, azythromycin and tetracycline. Resistance to metronidazole was 25.4% and the corresponding values for clarithromycin and azithromycin 9.5%. No resistance to amoxicillin or tetracycline was observed. Urease test and Gram staining are two easy-to-perform tests and when taken together allow the microbiological diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Culture should be performed to know the evolution of resistance to antimicrobials used for treatment of this infection.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2000

Rapid detection of methicillin resistance in staphylococci using a slide latex agglutination kit.

The slide latex agglutination test, MRSA-Screen, was compared with the mecA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and traditional susceptibility test methods for the detection of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. The MRSA-Screen test detected the same number of methicillin-resistant S. aureus as the mecA PCR and the traditional susceptibility tests. It correctly identified all 21 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus as being sensitive. It also produced the same result as the mecA PCR in identifying a methicillin-resistant S. aureus among six isolates classified as borderline resistant by traditional susceptibility tests. The MRSA-Screen test and mecA PCR detected methicillin resistance in 10 and 15 of 17 methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, respectively. From these results, it is concluded that the MRSA-Screen is a very accurate, reliable and rapid method of detecting methicillin resistance in S. aureus and is suitable for use in clinical microbiology laboratories. Further study of its use in detecting methicillin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci is required.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1976

Comparative study of seven cephalosporins: susceptibility to beta-lactamases and ability to penetrate the surface layers of Escherichia coli.

The properties of cefazolin, cefoxitin, cefamandole, and cefuroxime have been compared with those of cephaloridine, cephalothin, and cephalexin. The properties included for examination are the susceptibility to a range of beta-lactamases commonly encountered in gram-negative species and the ability of a beta-lactam antibiotic to penetrate the outer layers of Escherichia coli. Of the antibiotics tested, cefamandole was the most active in its antibiotic activity but had the disadvantage that it was sensitive to hydrolysis by type IVc beta-lactamase. Cefoxitin and cefuroxime were slightly less active than cefamandole but were effectively resistant to all the beta-lactamases used in the test.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed2002

Bacteriological analysis of blood culture isolates from neonates in a tertiary care hospital in India.

This study was undertaken to determine the profile and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of aerobic isolates from blood cultures of neonates in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India. All blood culture reports (n = 1,828), obtained during August 1995-September 1996 from newborns admitted to the Department of Pediatrics and the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at the University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, were analyzed, and the sensitivity patterns were recorded. The positivity of blood culture was 42% (770/1,828). Most (93.2%) bactaeremic episodes were caused by a single organism, while polymicrobial aetiology was observed in 52 (6.8%) cases. Gram-negative organisms were isolated in 493 (60%) of 823 cases, with Klebsiella (33.8%), Enterobacter (7.5%), Alcaligenes faecalis (4.9%), and Escherichia coli (4.6%) being the common microbes. Staphylococcus aureus (24.4%), followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (7.9%), were the major Gram-positive isolates. Most (80%) Gram-positive isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, and 50-75% of the Gram-negative isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and amikacin. It is concluded that Klebsiella and Staphylococcus aureus remain the principal organisms responsible for neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care setting.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗