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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources

PubMed1987

Evaluating the toxicity of urban patterns of oxidant gases. II. Effects in mice from chronic exposure to nitrogen dioxide.

The study reported herein evaluates the influence of a chronic exposure to an urban pattern of NO2 (continuous baseline exposure of 0.2 ppm, on which were superimposed two 1-h spikes of 0.8 ppm NO2, 5 d/wk) as compared to the baseline exposure to determine the contribution of the spikes to toxicity. Mice were exposed for up to 52 wk with interim examinations. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant treatment effect on infectivity (p = 0.05) and pulmonary function (p = 0.03) parameters. Infectivity mortality of mice in the spiked exposure regimen was significantly greater than that in either the NO2-background-exposed mice or in control mice. Four of the pulmonary function variables exhibited the greatest differences among the treatment groups: end expiratory volume, vital capacity, respiratory-system compliance, and multiple-breath nitrogen washout. Results from the pulmonary-function analyses indicate that the spiked exposures to 0.8 ppm NO2 may have induced a subtle lesion. The chronic study results indicate that the presence of spikes of NO2 is contributing significantly to effects on antibacterial lung defenses and pulmonary function of mice.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed1992

Nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide intoxication in an indoor ice arena--Wisconsin, 1992.

On February 23, 1992, the Wisconsin Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS) was notified that 11 students from two high schools had been treated in two emergency rooms for acute respiratory symptoms (ARS) (i.e., cough, hemoptysis, chest pain, and dyspnea); two students were hospitalized. All of the students had participated in an indoor ice hockey tournament the previous night.

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning↗

PubMed1990

[Bronchiolitis obliterans following nitrogen dioxide (NO2) inhalation: clinical-roentgenologic-histologic study].

A case of bronchiolitis obliterans after prior inhalation of NO2 is described. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically following diagnostic thoracotomy and biopsy by means of pulmonary wedge resection. The clinical course of the case was compatible with the typical phases described in the literature, and the condition underwent complete remission following treatment with corticoids.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗

PubMed1976

Personal sampler for nitrogen dioxide.

A new type of personal sampler for gases in air, originally reported from this laboratory, has been adapted to measurement of NO2. The sampler depends on the transfer of NO2 by diffusion to a triethanolamine coated collector at the sealed end of a tube; the open end of the tube is exposed to the test environment. The devices are accurate, light, simple to use and have very good shelf life before and after sampling.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed1980

Nitric oxide oxidation method for field calibration of nitrogen dioxide meters.

A simple procedure for field calibration of direct-reading NO2 meters is described. The method involves passing NO at a fixed concentration through an oxidizing reagent. The NO is oxidized to NO2, diluted with zero air and routed into the meter. Problems of working with potentially unstable cylinders of NO2 or field permeation systems are avoided. Both laboratory and field evaluations attest to the suitability of this method. Possible application as a confirmatory laboratory standard is suggested.

Calibration↗

PubMed2005

A matrix isolation study of the photochemically induced reactions of nitrogen dioxide with 1,2-dibromoethene and 1,2-dichloroethene using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Photolyses of matrices of either BrCHCHBr/NO2/Ar or ClCHCHCl/NO2/Ar using quartz-filtered radiation (lambda>240 nm) led to the appearance of infrared bands attributable to carbonyl, carbon monoxide, and ketene species; no bands belonging to a precursor complex NO2cdots, three dots, centeredXCHCHX (where X=Br or Cl) were observed upon matrix deposition. The possible reaction pathway is discussed.

Bromine↗

PubMed1989

[A passive sampler for simultaneous determination of formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide in indoor air].

The author demonstrates a diffusion passive collector for simultaneous determination of HCHO and NO2 of indoor air. The passive collector consists of a bottom-equipped glass tube, a shaped insertion of refined-steel wire netting (impregnated by triethanolamine) and a polyethylene cap sealing the opening. With an exposition period of 1 to 6 days, the pollutants HCHO and NO2 can be determined within a range of 10 to 400 micrograms/m3. After cleaning the collectors by chromium sulphuric acid, they can be used for any number you like.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed1993

[Five cases of acute pulmonary failure associated with nitrogen dioxide inhalation].

Six men were accidentally exposed to NO2 when they were changing a propeller using a gas burner in the poorly ventilated hold of a ship. All of them were admitted to hospital with shortness of breath and cough. Chest X-ray on admission revealed diffuse, patchy and infiltrative shadows, leading to the diagnosis of pulmonary edema in all five patients. Steroid therapy was effective and followed by a quick recovery in all patients. None developed third phase manifestations characterized pathologically by bronchiolitis obliterans.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Correction of lipid peroxidation intensity and glutathione system by derivatives of polygalacturonic acid after exposure to nitrogen dioxide].

Influence of intraperitoneal administration of polygalacturonic acid derivatives at a dose of 100 mg/kg on the glutathione system and lipid peroxidation in the rat lung after treatment with NO2 was studied. A considerable decrease of lipid peroxidation intensity by these derivatives was caused not only by ability of these compounds to the chelate formation and absorption of free radicals, but also by the substantial activation of the glutathione system.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of nitrogen dioxide on alveolar macrophages surviving in the gas phase. A new experimental model for the study of in vitro cytotoxicity of toxic gases (author's transl)].

Alveolar macrophages surviving in the gas phase were exposed to concentrations of NO2 (0.1, 1 and 2 ppm) for 30 minutes. The exposed cells showed morphological changes, a decrease in bactericidal activity and a reduction of the ATP content. The severity of these changes is related to NO2 concentration. This new experimental model offers new possibilities for studies on the cytotoxicity of gases.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1981

Changes of essential metal contents in lungs of rats acutely exposed to nitrogen dioxide.

Female Wistar rats were exposed to 20 ppm NO2 for 24 h and 10 ppm NO2 for 10 days and the changes of 5 essential metal contents in the lung were investigated by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The contents of calcium (Ca) and copper (Cu) in lungs of rats exposed to 20 ppm NO2 increased significantly compared with controls. On 10 ppm NO2 exposure, the contents of these two metals increased rapidly at an early stage during exposure and zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) contents increased successively with the increase of lung weight.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Different approaches to the assessment of human exposure to nitrogen dioxide.

The exposure of 15 subjects to NO2 was assessed using different approaches: (a) direct measurement of personal exposure, (b) calculation of weighted average exposure using data on time spent and concentrations measured at home, at work, in transit, and outdoors, (c) the same calculation but instead of actual concentrations, using concentrations measured in other homes in Zagreb (out of 90) situated in a district with a similar traffic density, and using the same cooking fuel. The best agreement with personal exposure was obtained for exposure under (b), but calculation with surrogate concentrations (c) also gave a fair approximation.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed1987

Effect of corticosteroids on the toxic pulmonary oedema induced by nitrogen dioxide inhalation in the rat.

Various corticoid derivatives administered by inhalation or intraperitoneally were investigated for a preventive effect on the pulmonary oedema of the rat induced by the 30-min inhalation of 100-105 ppm NO2. After inhalational administration in the form of an aqueous aerosol, dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate showed a considerably greater efficacy than beclomethasone-17,21-dipropionate or dexamethasone-21-dihydrogen phosphate. With prophylactic intraperitoneal administration dexamethasone (free alcohol), dexamethasone-21-dihydrogen phosphate and 6 alpha-methylprednisolone-21-dihydrogen succinate had to be given in much higher doses than dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate to achieve the same effects on the toxic pulmonary oedema.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed1969

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on pulmonary cell population.

Studies from this laboratory have shown that ozone produces changes in the number and function of cells obtained by pulmonary lavage. In similar experiments, rabbits exposed to levels of NO(2) from ambient to 60 ppm demonstrated increased numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the lung washings. This phenomenon persisted for more than 72 hr after a single 3-hr exposure. When streptococci were instilled in the lungs of NO(2)-exposed anesthetized rabbits 30 min before lavage, a pronounced inhibition of phagocytic activity was observed. With these criteria, NO(2) appeared less effective than ozone as a pulmonary irritant.

Air Pollution↗

PubMed1982

Amine nitration and nitrosation by gaseous nitrogen dioxide.

Reaction of N-methylaniline in solution with ca. 100,000 ppm gaseous NO2 leads to significant amounts of ring- and N-nitro products, in addition to N-methyl-N-nitrosoaniline. Reaction of heterocyclic amines in solution with 5-1000 ppm gaseous NO2 gives significant amounts of N-nitrosamines and much higher amounts of N-nitramines than those obtained from concentrated gaseous NO2. The results are interpreted as evidence that N-nitrosation proceeds via an unsymmetrical ON-ONO2 dimer, whereas N-nitration may involve a free-radical process involving NO2, itself.

Amines↗

PubMed1982

The epidemiology of indoor nitrogen dioxide in the U.K.

The results of three studies on the effect of gas cooking on the lung function of children are reported. The studies which have been carried out in England and Scotland with children aged 6-11, 6-7 and 5-6 years, respectively, show that there is only a weak association between indoor levels of NO2 and respiratory illness. Nevertheless, the consistency of the difference in the rate of respiratory diseases in children from homes with electric and gas cookers suggest there is some hazard to the use of unflued gas appliances which may warrant further epidemiological investigation.

Child↗

PubMed1966

Suppression of plant growth by nitrogen dioxide.

Nicotiana glutinosa and pinto bean seedlings (Phaseolus vulgaris) were exposed for short periods (3 days or less) to high concentrations of NO(2) (4.11-20.53 mg/m(3) to compare the resulting leaf lesions with ozone damage produced at concentrations of 0.43 to 0.86 mg/m(3). Although the same physiological age leaf tissue was damaged by both toxicants, damage caused by NO(2) was unlike that caused by ozone. Pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Pearson improved tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seedlings were continuously exposed for 10 to 22 days, to low concentrations of NO(2) (less than 1.03 mg/m(3)). These exposures caused significant growth suppression, increase in green color (total chlorophyll content), and distortion of leaves.

Nitrogen Dioxide↗

PubMed1975

Histological changes of terminal bronchioles in rats during the exposure to nitrogen dioxide.

At long-term exposure to 5 ppm NO2 (w/w), courses of histological changes in the epithelium of the terminal bronchioles of rats were observed. In the course of the experiment the first alterative changes were expressed by the loss of cilia and cell differentiation. The changes were followed by epithelial hyperplasia, leading to conspicuous narrowing of the lumen of bronchioles. After the phase of hyperplasia a phase of reparation followed, leading to the development of nonciliated epithelium without determinable Clara cells, with areas of uniform multi-layered epithelium. At the same time, in the longest interval of 11 weeks new alterative changes analogous to those found at the beginning of the experiment were observed.

Animals↗