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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Negotiating risks in context: a perspective on unprotected anal intercourse and barebacking among men who have sex with men--where do we go from here?

Recently, an alarming trend toward unprotected anal intercourse has emerged in men who have sex with men. A highly dangerous form of unprotected anal intercourse, barebacking--the deliberate and conscious choice to engage in anal sex without condoms knowing that there are risks involved--has received much attention in the gay press. This trend poses new challenges for HIV prevention. As the target population changes, prevention interventions must also evolve to remain effective. A review of the scientific literature on risk behaviors and the popular literature and websites devoted to barebacking suggests that many contextual factors influence the decision to engage in unprotected anal intercourse. This review examines the most salient contextual factors affecting risk behavior in gay/bisexual men. It also identifies four main cohorts and predominant contextual factors that appear to motivate unprotected anal intercourse in each. In answering the question "where do we go from here," we conclude that contextual issues must be addressed in hybrid prevention interventions that include harm reduction, motivational interviewing, and traditional approaches.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed2003

More fibre: the negotiation of microscopic facts in Victorian Britain.

During the 1840 and 1850s the British embryologist and histologist Martin Barry (1802-1855) propounded a bold and original thesis about the microscopic structure of animal and vegetable tissue. He maintained that minute double spirals were virtually ubiquitous in the makeup of a wide range of structures. This paper considers how a claim of this kind was consonant with a romantic image of scientific creativity with which Barry identified. It describes his partially successful strategies to convince contemporaries of the veracity of his claims. Major figures in the field, such as Richard Owen and Jan Evangelista Purkynĕ, affirmed that Barry's spirals were real objects in nature. Others, notably William Sharpey, became convinced that the spirals were mere artifacts and that Barry was deeply flawed as a scientific investigator. The ultimate rejection of his hypothesis had much to do with the moral repugnance that Barry's attempts to gain credit for a major discovery evoked among influential medical scientists. This negative assessment of Barry as an investigator reveals the lineaments of an alternative ethic of scientific practice.

Cell Biology↗