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Results for “Nerve Compression Syndromes”

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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources

PubMed1985

Vagus indigestion syndrome resulting from a liver abscess in dairy cows.

A liver abscess resulted in vagal indigestion in 8 dairy cattle. There was cessation of transport of digesta through the omasum. Clinical signs were of variable duration and included abdominal distention and bradycardia. Medical therapy had not been effective. Left paralumbar fossa celiotomy and rumenotomy permitted detection of the liver abscess. A second surgery from a ventral approach allowed drainage of the abscess by insertion of a catheter through the abdominal wall.

Abomasum↗

PubMed1995

[Atypical entrapment syndrome of the distal suprascapular nerve of the incisura scapulae. Case report and overview of the literature].

Entrapment neuropathy of the suprascapular nerve is a rare disease of the peripheral nerve system. Of Mumenthaler's 3465 patients with peripheral nerve lesions, only 15 had suprascapular nerve damage. Since Thompson's and Kopell's first description of suprascapular entrapment neuropathy in 1959, some reports have been published. In the majority of cases the lesion is normally located in the suprascapular notch with clinical involvement of the supra- and infraspinatus muscle. Here we report on an uncommon lesion of the suprascapular nerve with sparing of the supraspinatus muscle in a volleyball player. The current literature will be reviewed. The anatomical basis, examination, differential diagnosis and therapy of this type of entrapment neuropathy will be discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

[Conjoined lumbosacral nerve roots--diagnosis by metrizamide myelography and metrizamide CT].

Several kinds of the lumbosacral nerve root anomalies have already been recognized, and the conjoined nerve roots is the most common among them. It does not make symptoms by itself, but if there is a causation of neural entrapment, for example, disc herniation, lateral recessus stenosis, spondylolisthesis, etc., so called "biradicular syndrome" should occur. Anomalies of the lumbosacral nerve roots, if not properly recognized, may lead to injury of these nerves during operation of the lumbar spine. Recently, the chance of finding these anomalous roots has been increased more and more with the use of metrizamide myelography and metrizamide CT, because of the improvement of the opacification of nerve roots. We describe the findings of the anomalous roots as revealed by these two methods. They demonstrate two nerve roots running parallel and the asymmetrical wide root sleeve. Under such circumstances, it is important to distinguish the anomalous roots from the normal ventral and dorsal roots.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Facial pain as first manifestation of lung cancer: a case of lung cancer-related cluster headache and a review of the literature.

Facial pain can, on rare occasions, be the presenting symptom of lung cancer. This report describes a patient with non-metastatic lung cancer, which was associated with attacks of debilitating facial pain, presenting as cluster headache. Moreover, 32 reported cases of lung cancer-related facial pain (including the present one) are reviewed, and their clinical features are summarized. The facial pain is almost always unilateral, and is most commonly localized to the ear, the jaws, and the temporal region. The pain is frequently described as severe and aching, and may be continuous or intermittent. Aggravation and expansion of the pain, digital clubbing, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and hypertrophic osteopathy, may contribute to the diagnosis. Referred pain, due to invasion or compression of the vagus nerve, as well as paraneoplastic syndrome secondary to the production of circulating humoral factors by the malignant tumor cells, is implicated in the pathophysiology of facial pain associated with non-metastatic lung cancer. Radiotherapy and tumor resection with vagotomy are very effective in aborting the facial pain. Thus, lung cancer should be included in the differential diagnosis of facial pain that is atypical and/or refractory to treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

The abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome.

Entrapment of the abdominal segmental nerves within the rectus abdominis muscle may produce abdominal pain simulating surgical or genito-urinary disease. The diagnosis can be made by localising with one finger an area of tenderness close to the lateral border of the muscle. Pressure at this site will usually reproduce the pain and precise injection of local anaesthetic will abolish the pain immediately. Effective long-term relief is usually obtained by the injection of long acting steroid or a small volume of 7 percent aqueous phenol.

Abdominal Muscles↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostics of cervicogenic headache.

Cervicogenic headache (CH) is a clearly defined headache syndrome and can usually be differentiated from other unilateral headaches like cluster headache, chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH) and hemicrania continua by a thorough history and neurological examination. Combinations of CH with other headaches like migraine, tension headache, combination headache and drug induced headache, that occur quite frequently, can complicate the diagnosis. In our own material of 5520 headache patients the prevalence of CH was 13.8% (763). Four hundred and thirty of these patients suffered from CH in combination with one or more other headaches.

Cervical Vertebrae↗

PubMed1995

Superior orbital fissure syndrome: current management concepts.

The superior orbital fissure syndrome is an uncommon complication of craniofacial fractures: middle-third facial fractures and lesions of the retrobulbar space. This article reviews the anatomy and etiology of the superior orbital fissure as it relates to pathophysiology and physical findings. Cases reported in the literature are reviewed, emphasizing diagnosis and established treatment options. Two cases are presented and their management discussed, including the use of pre- and postoperative steroids as an adjunct to standard fracture reduction and stabilization therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Entrapment of the C2 root and ganglion by the atlanto-epistrophic ligament: clinical syndrome and surgical anatomy.

Two cases of progressive, occipital lancinating pain and dysesthesias associated with a sensory deficit of the C2 dermatome are presented. Symptoms were relieved, and C2 sensory function restored by releasing a hypertrophied atlanto-epistrophic ligament entrapping the C2 root and ganglion. The normal anatomy and abnormal surgical findings are described. C2 entrapment by the atlanto-epistrophic ligament is discussed in reference to other C2 lesions causing occipital pain. We conclude that some patients whose progressive occipital pain is accompanied by a C2 sensory deficit are suffering from entrapment of the C2 root and ganglion amenable to surgical decompression.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

[Spasm or dimpling of the hypothenar eminence].

Bilateral hypothenar muscular spasm ("dimpling") was discovered in a 62 year-old man. The spasms consisted of recurrent arrhythmic contractions of the palmaris brevis muscle. E.M.G. showed no signs of denervation but the contractions could be stopped by infiltration of the ulnar nerve by xylocaine. Apparently, this syndrome has previously been reported in only two cases. Its clinical and electromyographic characteristics are similar to hemifacial spasm. Compression of the ulnar nerve after its division at the wrist could be a cause.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1979

[Thoracic outlet syndromes. Arteriographic aspects].

Chest outlet syndromes are characterized by pain symptomatology caused by (congenital or acquired reasons) compression of the vasculo-nervous bundle. After a brief mention of the anatomy of the question, the indications and angiographic technique are reported, special reference being made to certain positions and dynamic tests which increase symptomatology and highlight arteriographic findings. These are clearly identifiable in the pictures and offer documentary evidence of the cervical rib syndrome, scalenus syndrome, small pectoral syndrome, the hyperabduction syndrome and the costoclavicular syndrome. Differential diagnosis should consider a number of painful syndromes of the upper extremity of purely neurological interest (involvement of the brachial plexus). Vascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis, Takayasu's disease, etc., osteo-myo-articular and ORL sector diseases should also be taken into account. Arteriography is able to identify with precision the causes of the clinical syndrome and to guide surgical exploration of the supraclavicular fossa with excellent chances of success.

Aortography↗

PubMed1989

[Cervicogenic headache. An over- or underdiagnosed headache syndrome?].

"Cervicogenic headache" (CEH) is a strictly unilateral constant dull, dragging, boring background pain of varying intensity which does not alternate sides and persists for a few hours to several days. It is triggered or intensified by head movements, and typically radiates from the neck to the fronto-temporal region. Occasionally, the ipsilateral shoulder and arm are also affected, with no definite radicular pattern. There is overall restriction of head movements. Ipsilateral accompanying symptoms may include conjunctival injection, lacrimation and lid edema. Migraine-like symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, sound and light sensitivity, and ipsilateral visual blurring may occur, as well as dizziness and difficulties in swallowing. A C2-blockade always leads to temporary pain relief. The possible pathophysiology of CEH, and its differential diagnosis are discussed.

Headache↗

PubMed1999

Results of surgical treatment for radial tunnel syndrome.

We reviewed the outcome of radial nerve decompression in 28 patients with an average 28-month follow-up period. The outcome was determined by both subjective (ie, questionnaire) and objective assessments. Only 11 of the 28 patients (39%) had excellent or good results. However, 64% subjectively assessed their results as excellent or good. Results were worse in patients receiving workers' compensation or who were in litigation. The difference was statistically significant. Although previous studies have found a high rate of good results, we believe that a high rate of morbidity is associated with both the disease and its treatment. Based on our results we suggest that great caution be taken before performing radial tunnel release and strict adherence to the indications noted during the preoperative examination.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Computed tomography of cystic nerve root sleeve dilatation.

A case of cystic nerve root sleeve dilatation in the lumbar area associated with a chronic back pain syndrome is presented. Prominent computed tomography (CT) findings include: (a) rounded masses in the region of the foramina isodense with cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space; (b) associated asymmetry of epidural fat distribution; (c) enlargement of the neural foramina in axial sections with scalloped erosion of the adjacent posteriolateral vertebral body, pedicle, and pedicular-laminar junction with preservation of cortex and without bony sclerosis or infiltrative appearance; (d) prominent or ectatic dural sac with lack of usual epidural landmarks between the sac and vertebral body; and (e) multilevel abnormalities throughout the entire lumbar region. Myelographic and CT correlations are demonstrated with a review of the literature. A discussion of the various cystic abnormalities involving nerve root sheaths is undertaken in an attempt to clarify the confusing nomenclature applied to nerve root sleeve pathology.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Complications of intramedullary fixation of pediatric forearm fractures.

A retrospective review of 20 children with forearm fractures treated with intramedullary fixation is presented. Indications for surgery included fracture malreduction, open fracture, polytrauma, unstable fracture pattern, and compartment syndrome. Both radius and ulna were fractured in patients. Intramedullary fixation of both bones was performed in eight cases, ulna alone in nine, and isolated radius in three. A limited open approach to one or both bones was necessary for insertion of the intramedullary rod in 15 of 20 cases, including the eight open fractures. Eighteen complications occurred in 10 of 20 patients, including hardware migration, infection, loss of reduction, reoperation, nerve injury, significant decreased range of motion, synostosis, muscle entrapment, and delayed union. Despite the complications, 17 patients had excellent and two had good outcomes. Although excellent clinical results can be expected with intramedullary fixation, complications related to the surgical technique can be expected.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[Causes and mechanisms of sciatic pains].

Pain along the sciatic nerve can be due to many causes. Sciatica of radicular origin caused by compression of L5 or S1 root is usually separated from truncular or peripheral sciatica. Radicular sciatica is divided into mechanical sciatica and the so-called inflammatory sciatica. In the majority of cases radicular pain is of mechanical origin and due to discal herniation in L4-L5 or L5-S1. The herniation can be visualized by lumbar computerized tomography or by radiculography. However, discal herniation alone does not fully account for the pain suffered, and inflammatory processes around the disc and the nerve root play an important role. Posterior intervertebral osteoarthritis and lumbar canal stenosis also are frequent causes of sciatic pain. Truncular sciatica is much less frequent and should incite clinicians to investigate for pelvic tumoral infiltration. Peripheral sciatica is usually caused by suffering of the external popliteal nerve around the neck of the fibula, but it may also be caused by compression of a ramus from the internal popliteal nerve, resulting in tarsal tunnel syndrome or in Morton's syndrome.

Humans↗

PubMed1984

[Vascular loop. A contributing factor to vascular cerebellopontile syndrome].

Modern diagnostic methods such as brainstem-evoked response audiometry and CT scanning with positive and negative contrast enhancement represent a major advance in the diagnostic evaluation even of small acoustic neuromas. However difficulties arise in differentiation between tumours and other cerebellopontine angle lesions, as shown by means of a case report. An arterial loop of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) between the facial and the eighth cranial nerve was the cause of progredient neural hearing loss, peripheral vestibular dysfunction and hemifacial spasm. Vascular decompression was performed with total relief of spasm and partial restitution of hearing. In differential diagnosis of the pathology of the cerebellopontine angle region and the internal auditory canal the clinical symptoms are important.

Cerebellopontine Angle↗

PubMed1987

[The importance of thermography in the diagnosis of lumbar radicular pain syndromes].

This study proved the existence of lateral differences in thermographic recordings of the legs of 83 out of a total of 84 patients with the clinical diagnosis "lumbar disk herniation". In 68.5 per cent only of 71 patients with unilateral symptoms, however, the hypothermic areas occurred in the symptomatic leg. These areas could not be matched with corresponding dermatomas. As regards determination of the level of the herniation, thermography is an unreliable method for differentiation between the different segments, because the site of the dermatoma cannot be identified in relation to the site of the herniation. The mechanism of difference in temperature distribution probably depends on sympathetic reflexes with increased activity in the vasoconstrictor system due to pain. These reflexes are not limited to one dermatoma. This has been confirmed by means of diagnostic nerve blocks of the appropriate root.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Anterior decompression of foraminal stenosis below a lumbosacral transitional vertebra. A case report.

STUDY DESIGN: A case of unilateral far-out foraminal entrapment of the L5 spinal nerve below a transitional vertebra is presented with a review of the literature. OBJECTIVES: To describe management of a rare far-out foraminal stenosis below a transitional vertebra and to evaluate the surgical procedure and results. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Far-out foraminal stenosis with radiculopathy caused by bony spur formation secondary to anomalous articulation between the transverse process and the sacral ala is rarely reported. Decompression at this point traditionally has been performed through a posterior approach, similar to that performed for the far-out syndrome. There are no previous reports describing anterior decompression through an extraperitoneal approach. METHODS: The diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and selective radiculography. Anterior decompression was performed by resecting the bony spur using a wide muscle-splitting extraperitoneal approach. RESULTS: Anterior decompression was performed with minimal intervention to the spine and the trunk muscles. Good relief of low back pain and sciatica was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Selective radiculography was the method of examination with the optimal diagnostic value for far-out foraminal stenosis. An anterior approach to the decompression of far-out foraminal stenosis below a lumbosacral transitional vertebra is a relatively simple and effective method.

Adult↗