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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Evaluation of total nitrogen pollution reduction strategies in a river basin: a case study.

The enrichment of groundwater and rivers by nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus compounds) and their consequences is one of the most severe problems across Europe as well in Slovenia. Transfer of nutrients from different sources into the environment causes eutrophication of surface waters, nitrate accumulation in groundwater, and others. In this paper, the methodology of the material flow analysis is presented and applied to develop a nitrogen balance in a river basin and to evaluate different scenarios for total nitrogen pollution reduction. Application of the methodology is illustrated by means of a case study on the Krka river, Slovenia. Different scenarios are to be considered: the present level of sewerage and treatment capacities, different stages of wastewater treatment and management of agricultural activities on land. The results show that beside effluents from wastewater treatment plants, agriculture contributes significantly to the total annual nitrogen load. Beside reduction of point sources by means of wastewater collection and implementation of nutrient removal technology, managing agricultural nitrogen in order to protect river water quality and drinking water supply should become a major challenge in the Krka river basin.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2000

[Nutrition of wheat under wet injury and its regulation].

With pot experiment, this paper dealt with the effects of different nutrition regulations on nutrient absorption and crop yield of wheat under waterlogged condition. N, P, K, Zn, Cu uptakes by wheat were greatly inhibited by waterlogging. The total amounts of reusable elements N, P, K and Zn in leaves decreased obviously in stems but did not in ears, compared with control; while the total amount of element Cu in all parts was reduced by waterlogging. The yield of individual wheat plant was significantly reduced under waterlogging. Additional N-fertilizer or spraying N, P and K significantly increased the uptake of nutrients and the yield for Wanmai 19 under light waterlogging, but were not effective for Yanmai 158 under heavy waterlogging. A positive correlation was found between the yield of wheat under waterlogging and the N accumulation in leaves.

Copper↗
PubMed1976

[Study of disorders in calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the intensive fattening of young cattle].

Studied were mass disease outbreaks on eight farms in calves intensively fed concentrate mixtures that were rich in phosphorus compounds. Clinically, there were selling and deformations of the joints with pains. The tarsal and carpal joints were chiefly involved. Kyphosis of the backbone, spastic paresis of the posterior part of the body as well as tetaniform spasms in the initial stage of the disease were also observed. Morphologically, the diseased animals manifested erosions and thinning of the joint cartilage, tearing of the Achilles tendon, and increased amounts of the joint fluid. The histologic study revealed edema of the cartilage cells, disorders in the structure of the hyalin cartilage, formation of cavities, and broadening of the lumen of the Haversian canals. In most cases the blood serum presented hyperphosphatemia (up to 15.67 mg% inorganic P) and relative or absolute hypocalcemia (up to 4.47 mg% Ca). On the farm both hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia were observed. Good prophylactic results were obtained through correct Ca:P ratios in the diet that contained calcium additives as well as by the injection of vitamin D solutions, etc. It is believed that these cases should be referred to a distinctive form of rickets of a characteristic clinical course' the inadequate Ca:P ratios in the rations playing the main etiologic role. Subsidiary causes are probably vitamin D deficiency, restricted movement of the animals, and mechanical traumata caused by the animal's own bodyweight.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1958

The insecticide-resistance problem: a review of developments in 1956 and 1957.

The author reviews the growth of the insecticide-resistance problem throughout the world during the period between July 1956 and November 1957, and the developments in research on the subject during the same period.Three new resistant species have been discovered-Anopheles subpictus, Chrysomyia putoria and Rhipicephalus sanguineus-and eight new types of resistance in already resistant species have been observed. Moreover, the geographical area covered by certain resistant insect populations has considerably increased.THE RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS DURING THE PERIOD UNDER REVIEW INCLUDE: systems of detecting resistance in the field by standard test methods; confirmation of two distinct types of resistance to chlorinated-hydrocarbon insecticides in mosquitos and bed-bugs as well as in houseflies; evidence that DDT-resistance in the housefly, Anopheles sundaicus and Aëdes aegypti is due mainly to a single genetic factor associated with the ability to dehydrochlorinate DDT, and that dieldrin-resistance of Anopheles gambiae also derives from a single factor present even in untouched populations; a fuller understanding of the physiological mechanism of BHC-resistance in the housefly; and demonstration that selection pressure from organo-phosphorus compounds induces resistance to themselves and to chlorinated-hydrocarbon insecticides.

Aedes↗
PubMed1992

[Metabolic kinetics in the brains in infants with IUGR, respiratory distress syndrome, seizures and asphyxia].

31-P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allows noninvasive measurements of cerebral phosphorus compounds: ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphomonoesters (PME) and phosphodiesters (PDE). In this paper we reported our MRS data from the brains of infants with intrauterine growth retardation, respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal seizures or neonatal asphyxia, and discussed the possibilities to prevent brain damage due to these perinatal troubles.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed2004

[Effects of phosphate-dissolving fungi on transformation, fixation and efficiency of fertilizer 32P].

By using a radioactive 32P-labeled technique, this paper studied the effects of P-dissolving Penicillium oxalicum P8 inoculum on the transformation, fixation and efficiency of fertilizer P. The results showed that the inoculum could prevent available P from fixation by soil, and promoted the uptake of applied P by maize and peanut. Additionally, it reduced the amount of Ca10-P fraction derived from available P, increased the pool of available P, and maintained more 32P in forms of Ca2-P and Ca8-P. With time extending, the ratio of Ca10-P fraction in soil was gradually increased, and the treatment with P. oxalicum P8 showed the lowest ratio of Ca10-P form, compared with treatment without P. oxalicum P8. The inoculum not only prevented available 32P from turning into Ca10-P form, but also had a longer effective period.

Arachis↗
PubMed2005

Biological nutrient removal in simple dual sludge system with an UMBR (upflow multi-layer bioreactor) and aerobic biofilm reactor.

In this study, a simple dual sludge process was developed for small sewage treatment. It is a hybrid system that consists of upflow multi-layer bioreactor (UMBR) as anaerobic and anoxic reactor with suspended growth microorganisms and post aerobic biofilm reactor with inclined plates. UMBR is a multifunction reactor that acts as primary sedimentation tank, anaerobic reactor, anoxic reactor, and thickener. The sludge blanket in the UMBR is maintained at a constant level by automatic control so that clear water (30 mg-SS/L) can flow into the post aerobic biofilm reactor. It leads to improving performance of the biofilm reactor due to preventing of excess microbial attachment on the media surface and no requirment for a large clarifier caused by low solid loading. The HRT in the UMBR and the aerobic biofilm reactor were about 5.8 h and 6.4 h, respectively. The temperature in the reactor during this study varied from 12.5 degrees C to 28.3 degrees C. The results obtained from this study show that effluent concentrations of TCOD, TBOD, SS, TN, and TP were 29.7 mg/L, 6.0 mg/L, 10.3 mg/L, 12.0 mg/L, and 1.8 mg/L, which corresponded to a removal efficiency of 92.7%, 96.4%, 96.4%, 74.9%, and 76.5%, respectively. The sludge biomass index (SBI) of the excess sludge in the UMBR was about 0.55, which means that the sludge in the UMBR was sufficiently stabilized and may not require further treatment prior to disposal.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed2005

Biomass concentration and biofilm characteristics in high-performance fluidized-bed biofilm reactors.

Two laboratory scale fluidized-bed biofilm reactors (FBBRs) were used to investigate the biomass concentration and the biofilm characteristics in a high performance FBBR used for the denitrification of exceptionally high-nitrate wastewater (1000 mg-N/L). Reported correlations by other workers for predicting the biomass concentration in FBBR were examined for their validity in comparison with the experimental results of this study and the best set of applicable correlations was recommended. The effects of the two main operational parameters, the superficial velocity and nitrogen loading rate on the biomass concentration in the FBBR were also studied. Correlations for the drag coefficient and the expansion index from the literature, together with the biofilm dry density correlation produced from this study were found to produce the best prediction of the FBBR biomass concentration compared to other reported correlations. The average biomass concentration in the FBBR decreased with the increase of the superficial velocity in the range of 45 to 65 m/h at all the applied nitrogen loadings (i.e. 6, 8, 12 and 16 kg-N/m3(bed).d).

Biofilms↗
PubMed1976

[Protection of the myocardium by hypothermia during extracorporeal circulation. Experimental and clinical study].

Hypothermic protection of myocardia during E.C.C. has been estimated on a 35 dogs experimental series and on a clinical series of 700 acquired cardiopathies of adult, including 400 valvular replacements and 300 aorto-coronary by-pass. Experimental results have been estimated by biochemic and morphologic controls done on myocardic samples took up by drillbiopsy. The biochemical study includes among others a dosing of the high-energy phosphorus compounds (P.C. and A.T.P.). Morphological study was done by optic and electronic microscopy. Results made clear the superiority of the hypothermic ischemia at 10 degrees C on the continued perfusion at 32 degrees C with fibrillative heart. An hypothermic protection method with successively cold perfusion of the coronary system and a heart immersion in a salted solution at 4 degrees C has been utilized during valvular and coronary surgery on human in 700 cases. The total mortality was of 5,8 p. 100. The rate of post-operative infarcts was 2,4 p. 100. Incidence of intra-ventricular conduction troubles has been 1,1 p. 100. There was no relation between mortality and morbidity of myocardic origin and the lasting of the ischemic clamp, which were of 21 mn up to 165 mn. The low incidence of complications of myocardic origin is due to the hypothermic protection of the myocardia.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed2005

Chronic toxic neuropathy after organophosphorus poisoning in quails (Coturnix coturnix japponica).

Peripheral neuropathy was induced by the long-term administration of organo-phosphorus compounds (phtalimid/phosmet) in quails (Coturnix coturnix japponica). After 4 weeks, the first symptoms of organophosphorus (OPC) poisoning (apathy, diarrhea) were present. During the second month of a daily administration of the toxic substance using the probe, an apparent clinical autonomic and peripheral neuropathy with ataxia had developed. Toxic disturbance of the nervous system was confirmed by the examination of spinal and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) after tibial nerve stimulation. The prolongation of the peripheral conduction time (wave P6 and N9 represent the response from the ischiadic nerve and the entry of the stimulus to spinal cord, respectively) confirmed a peripheral nerve lesion. We suggest that these clinical and electrophysiological changes, displayed by the disturbed nervous system, are caused by either slowing or stoppage of the axonal flow, transport of proteins and other substances, as well as by axon demyelination (Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Ref. 22).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

31P NMR study of postmortem metabolism in porcine and bovine muscles.

31P NMR spectroscopy was used to evaluate interspecies differences in muscle fibre types and related postmortem metabolism. M. longissimus thoracis (MLT) and m. pectoralis superficialis (MPS) of bulls and MLT of pigs were investigated. In perchloric acid extracts NMR resonances for sugar phosphates (SP), inorganic phosphate (Pi), glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC), phosphocreatine (PCr), adenosine triposphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as well as for NAD+/NADH could be distinguished. Also, glycogen and lactate contents and pH were determined. The relative contents of phosphorus compounds in bovine muscles of similar participation of muscle fibre are similar. Bovine muscles contain a relatively large proportion of PCr (48% of all phosphates 15 minutes post-mortem in MPS) whereas porcine MLT show lower PCr content (11% 15 minutes post-mortem). On the other hand, the ATP content is relatively higher in porcine MLT when compared with bovine muscles in the early phases of the postmortem processes. No NMR-detectable levels of GPC were measured in porcine MLT in contrast to bovine muscles. This suggests that the GPC content does not depend solely on the fibre participation but is also animal species determined. The 24 hour postmortem metabolism patterns of bovine and porcine muscles have many common traits. CP disappeared first followed by ATP. Simultaneously, the Pi concentrations increased. However, the content of SP remained relatively constant in porcine, but not in bovine muscles where it increased only gradually. The significantly higher concentrations of SP and lactate as well as the lower values of glycogen and pH measured for porcine as compared with bovine muscles suggest an enhanced glycolysis during the early phases of postmortem processes in porcine muscles.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Radiochemical purity of various 99mTc-labelled bone-scanning agents.

The radiochemical purity of preparations for 99mTc-bone-scanning was tested using thin-layer chromatography and electrophoresis. The investigation included ten commercial kits, comprising four types of phosphorus compounds, i.e. sodium polyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, disodium diphosphonate, and sodium monofluorophosphate. Out-spoken differences in the content of free pertechnetate were found between the different kits. The contents in preparations from the same kit were fairly constant, but in some cases a change could be referred to the age of the 99mTc-generator or the time of analysis. No significant difference was found between preparations made from eluate with and without oxidizer. A 99mTc-tin-colloid was sporadically present in the preparations.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1990

[A case of chronic pesticide poisoning in a storehouse worker].

The article narrates on a female worker's chronic intoxication case with a set of chemical weed- and pest-killers. The clinical picture predominantly displayed the CNS hypothalamic sections' damages which became apparent through sympatho-adrenal crises and the symptoms of the intoxication characteristic of phosphorus compounds, hypotension, bradycardia and gastric juice hyperacidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Possibilities for purification of refuse seepage water by sand containing humic substances].

Sands containing humic substances are proposed for protection of ground water from refuse tip seepage waters which containing heavy metals and organic polluting agents. Such sands are produced and spoiled southern of Leipzig during uncovering of brown coal. Humic acids have qualities such as ion-exchange materials, form hydrogen bondes and are able to form salts and complexes. Besides they can adsorb and include other substances. This properties qualify the humic acids in contact with the grained structure of the sand to interactions with heavy metal ions and organic pollution agents in water such as oils, phenols, surface-active agents and organic phosphorus compounds. The installation of sands containing humic substances on the base of the refuse tip gives chances to prevent the migration of heavy metal ions and organic pollution agents in seepage waters on principle. On the other hand it is possible to use sands containing humic substances for cleaning of seepage waters and recovering of anorganic and organic useful materials. First practical tests with an refuse tip seepage water from the district Erfurt confirm the cleaning effect and the recovering of heavy metals.

Humans↗