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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Verbal and visuospatial deficits in dementia with Lewy bodies.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cognitive decline in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLBs) and characterize the contribution of Lewy bodies (LBs) to cognitive impairment in the presence of concurrent Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS: Cognitive deficits and rates of progression attributable to DLB and AD neuropathology were investigated in three groups of participants from the longitudinal cohort of the Alzheimer Disease Research Center at Washington University with autopsy-confirmed diagnoses of pure DLB (n = 9), mixed DLB/AD (n = 57), and pure AD (n = 66). Factor analysis was used to recover latent constructs in a comprehensive psychometric test battery, analysis of variance was used to test group differences on the observed dimensions, and random effects models were used to test longitudinal rates of cognitive decline. RESULTS: Patients with AD pathology performed worse on the verbal memory dimension. Patients with LB pathology performed worse on the visuospatial dimension. Combined pathology affected visuospatial performance but not verbal memory. The rate of cognitive decline in the DLB, DLB/AD combined, and the pure AD groups was equivalent. CONCLUSIONS: The comorbid presence of DLB and AD alters the cognitive presentation of visuospatial deficits in dementia but does not alter dementia progression. Both visuospatial and verbal abilities declined at similar rates across the three patient groups. DLB diagnosis may be improved, particularly when there is comorbid AD, by using domain-specific testing.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Psychologic and neurologic consequences of partial and complete cerebral commissurotomy.

Preliminary psychologic testing was carried out on four patients who had undergone surgical sectioning of a portion or all of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure as a treatment for uncontrollable seizures. Results confirm earlier findings indicating the importance of the forebrain commissures in the interhemispheric exchange of a variety of sensory and motor information, and demonstrate that particular portions of the commissural system are responsible for transferring the information of specific sensory modalities. The patients also showed surprising abilities in performing complex tasks assumed to require integration of information from both hemispheres.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

ABR and auditory P300 findings in children with ADHD.

Auditory processing disorders (APD), also referred as central auditory processing disorders (CAPD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) have become popular diagnostic entities for school age children. It has been demonstrated a high incidence of comorbid ADHD with communication disorders and auditory processing disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate ABR and P300 auditory evoked potentials in children with ADHD, in a double-blind study. Twenty-one children, ages between 7 and 10 years, with a primary diagnosis of ADHD, participated in this experiment. Results showed that all children had normal ABR with normal latency for wave V. Results also showed that among 42 ears combined 52.38% did not have P300. For the medicated subjects we observed that among 28 ears, 42.85% did not have P300 and for the non-medicated 71.43% (N = 14 ears) did not have P300. Our results suggest that the medicated subjects had more presence of P300 (57.15%) than the non-medicated group (28.57%), though the absence of these potentials were high among the group--52.38%.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1997

Is the hippocampus involved in temporal discrimination and the memory of short intervals?

Rats with lesions to the hippocampus proper and the subiculum were tested for timing behavior and temporal memory. Using the peak procedure, they were trained to discriminate a 40 s interval and a retention gap tested the memory for time. Results were interpreted within the theoretical framework of the internal clock and with respect to current theories on hippocampal function. Timing behavior was unaffected by either lesion and no shifts in the temporal discrimination functions were observed. The lesions also failed to show a deficit in the memory for temporal events. For all groups, the retention gap increased the mean peak time by the time of the gap. This indicated that all rats used the stop rule which required the use of working memory. Thus, it was concluded that the hippocampus is neither necessary for accurate timing behavior nor for the memory of temporal events.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Metamorphopsia of the Alice in Wonderland-syndrome].

A boy aged 9 had had two years previously and again since a few weeks complaints of observing objects with distortion and reduction in size. He was known to suffer from asthma for which he received beclomethasone in a low dosage. Physical and supplementary examinations revealed no abnormalities. The condition was diagnosed as 'metamorphopsia'.

Asthma↗
PubMed2000

Deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP): a simplified school entry examination.

OBJECTIVE: To suggest an empirically based school entry screening examination for the detection of deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP) in 6-y-old children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A population-based cohort of 113 children, 6-7 y of age (62 with and 51 without DAMP), compared on measures of attention, motor functions, language and cognition. RESULTS: Attention deficits were convincingly identified by both parents and paediatrician. The motor function tests clearly distinguished between the two groups. Linguistic and meta-linguistic tests demonstrated greater phonological processing difficulties in the DAMP group. The cognitive test revealed an overall lower IQ but no consistent characteristic pattern in the DAMP group. CONCLUSIONS: A simplified paediatric school entry examination test is suggested. Four motor tests (standing on one foot, Fog test, design copying and diadochokinesis) administered by the paediatrician, combined with a brief structured clinical observation and a structured parent interview, identified 80% of children with DAMP-and all those with severe DAMP-as well as a small number of false positives.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1975

[The relationship between the side of the lesion and the features and prognostic value of parietal dysfunction in vascular diseases in the brain].

The authors generalized the results of clinico-dynamic and experimental psychological observation over 52 patients with hemisphere strokes. An analysis was made of clinical manifestations of the temple lobe pathology and peculiarities of the restorative period depending upon the side of lesion. Necessity of further study of the problem of differential carrying out of therapeutic measures depending upon not only the nature and severity of stroke but also on localization and side of the lesion is emphasized.

Agnosia↗
PubMed2004

Augmentation of special-needs services and information to students and teachers "ASSIST"--a telehealth innovation providing school-based medical interventions.

An innovative school-based telehealth technology was introduced in Hawaii with the purposes of: (1) evaluating students for medical/developmental conditions with educational implications, (2) providing a professionally-monitored Internet-based system of learning/development, and (3) delivering medically-based physical and occupational therapy at the students school. Electronically recorded satisfaction surveys from parents, teachers, and providers revealed significant improvement in all three areas.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed2006

A battery of tests for the quantitative assessment of unilateral neglect.

PURPOSE: The lack of agreement regarding assessment methods is responsible for the variability in the reported rate of occurrence of unilateral neglect (UN) after stroke. In addition, dissociations have been reported between performance on traditional paper-and-pencil tests and UN in everyday life situations. METHODS: In this paper, we present the validation studies of a quantitative test battery for UN, including paper-and-pencil tests, an assessment of personal neglect, extinction, and anosognosia, and a behavioural assessment, the Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS). The battery was given to healthy subjects (n=456-476) and to patients with subacute stroke, either of the right or the left hemisphere. RESULTS: In healthy subjects, a significant effect of age, education duration and acting hand was found in several tasks. In patients with right hemisphere stroke, the most sensitive paper and pencil measure was the starting point in the cancellation task. The whole battery was more sensitive than any single test alone. An important finding was that behavioural assessment was more sensitive than any other single test. Neglect was two to four times less frequent, but also less severe and less consistent after left hemisphere stroke. CONCLUSION: Assessment of UN should rely on a battery of quantitative and standardised tests. Some patients may show clinically significant UN in everyday life while obtaining a normal performance on paper-and-pencil measures. This underlines the necessity to use a behavioural assessment of UN.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2006

Neglect and prism adaptation: a new therapeutic tool for spatial cognition disorders.

PURPOSE: A large proportion of right-hemisphere stroke patients show unilateral neglect, a neurological deficit of perception, attention, representation, and/or performing actions within their left-sided space, inducing many functional debilitating effects on everyday life, and responsible for poor functional recovery and ability to benefit from treatment. This spatial cognition disorder affects the orientation of behaviour with a shift of proprioceptive representations toward the lesion side. METHODS: This shift can be reduced after a prism adaptation period to a right lateral displacement of visual field (induced by a simple target-pointing task with base-left wedge prisms). The modification of visuo-motor or sensory-motor correspondences induced by prism adaptation involves improvement of different symptoms of neglect. RESULTS: Classical visuo-motor tests could be improved for at least 2h after adaptation, but also non-motor and non-visual tasks. In addition, cross-modal effects have been described (tactile extinction and dichotic listening), mental imagery tasks (geographic map, number bisection) and even visuo-constructive disorders. These cognitive effects are shown to result from indirect bottom-up effects of the deeper, adaptive realignment component of the reaction to prisms. Lesion studies and functional imaging data evoke a cerebello-cortical network in which each structure plays a specific role and not all structures are crucial for adaptation ability. CONCLUSIONS: These cognitive effects of prism adaptation suggest that prism adaptation does not act specifically on the ipsilesional bias characteristic of unilateral neglect but rehabilitates more generally the visuo-spatial functions attributed to the right cortical hemisphere. These results reinforce the idea that the process of prism adaptation may activate brain functions related to multisensory integration and higher spatial representations and show a generalization at a functional level. Prism adaptation therefore appears as a new powerful therapeutic tool for spatial cognition disorders.

Adaptation, Physiological↗