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Results for “RETINAL HEMORRHAGE”

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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Manifestations of SIV-induced ocular pathology in macaque monkeys.

Simian immunodeficiency virus has been shown to cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in macaque monkeys. Data gathered from clinical examination and fundus photography have shown that the lentivirus is capable of the induction of choroidal lesions and retinal hemorrhages in the macaque. These findings demonstrate the potential value of the macaque monkey eye as a model of the retinal pathology routinely seen in human AIDS patients.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Clinical study of laser-induced chorioretinal venous anastomosis].

OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness and safety of laser-induced chorioretinal venous anastomosis in the treatment of nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), and also the effectiveness of the preventative measures for complications associated with the treatment. METHODS: Laser-induced chorioretinal venous anastomosis was performed on 34 cases, 35 eyes with nonischemic CRVO. During the treatment, preventative measures for complications were taken as follows: (1) Patients with total retinal papillary nonperfusion area of less than 5 DA were selected to receive the treatment. (2) Treatment sites must be at least 3 PD away from the optic disc and 4 PD away from the macula. (3) At most 2 argon laser shots were attempted over each treatment site, to avoid severe laser damage. (4) Scattered argon laser photocoagulation was done over the drainage area of the vein distal to the treatment site, in order to prevent neovascular complications in case distal vein occlusion occur. RESULTS: During the 3 approximately 12 months (average 6 months) follow-up, successful anastomosis formed in 28 eyes out of 35 eyes (80%) with a mean of 2.4 attempts to create an anastomosis in each eye. With successful anastomosis, retinal hemorrhage started to be absorbed gradually 2 weeks after the treatment, and almost entirely absorbed 1 approximately 2 months later. Retinal edema also alleviated. Visual acuity improved in 20 out of 28 eyes (71%), and remained unchanged in the rest of the patients with successful anastomosis. In comparison with the natural course of the disease, our treatment has improved both the visual prognosis and the retinal damage caused by the disease. No serious complications occurred in these patients with successful anastomosis. Anastomosis failed to form in 7 cases (7 eyes), among which, 2 eyes developed serious neovascular complications. CONCLUSIONS: CRVA treatment is effective in the treatment of non-ischaemic CRVO. With proper preventative measures for complications associated with the treatment, the safety of the treatment can be increased prominently, but serious neovascular complications was not entirely prevented.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Ocular amyloid angiopathy associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy caused by amyloidogenic transthyretin Y114C.

PURPOSE: To report the clinicopathological findings for a unique ocular amyloid angiopathy in patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) caused by amyloidogenic transthyretin Y114C. DESIGN: Three case reports. METHODS: Retrospective review of clinicopathological findings, course, and treatment of the 3 patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography, and histopathological analysis. RESULTS: In the 32-year-old patient, in the early stage of FAP, indocyanine green angiography demonstrated multiple sites of hyperfluorescence, with staining along major choroidal veins. Retinal vessels appeared normal clinically and on FA. In the 48-year-old patient, who had late-stage FAP, examination of the fundus revealed pinpoint white amyloid opacities over the retinal surface, sheathing of retinal vessels, and scattered retinal hemorrhages. Fluorescein angiography showed vascular closure, focal staining, and microaneurysms. Indocyanine green angiography revealed multiple sites of hyperfluorescence, with staining along retinal and choroidal vessels. Examination during follow-up revealed that these vascular changes continued to progress. Histopathological study of an eye obtained at autopsy from the 49-year-old patient revealed marked intravascular and extravascular amyloid deposition. CONCLUSIONS: Severe and progressive amyloid angiopathy causing visual disturbance was seen in patients with FAP caused by amyloidogenic transthyretin Y114C.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Vitreous body oxygen tension following experimental branch retinal vein obstruction.

We obstructed either temporal or nasal superior and inferior retinal veins on one eye of rhesus monkeys with xenon photocoagulation. This resulted in large areas of nonperfused retina adjacent to normal retina in the same eye. Intraretinal neovascularization (new vessels in the retina) developed following the absorption of retinal hemorrhage and edema. We used microelectrodes to measure and compare vitreous body oxygen tensions over the nonperfused and over the normal retinal areas. There was no significant difference between the oxygen tension measurements in the same eye.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Vitreoretinal surgery of the posterior segment for explosive trauma in terrorist warfare.

BACKGROUND: To describe surgical management and establish anatomic and visual results of patients with explosive ocular trauma in terrorist attacks treated with extreme vitreoretinal surgery. METHODS: Retrospective study of clinical records (6-month follow-up) of patients with visual acuity (VA) of light perception or better with posterior segment injuries [vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment (RD), intra-ocular foreign bodies (IOFB), perforating trauma (PT)] from explosive weapons who underwent vitreoretinal surgery. We reviewed the demographic characteristics, type of weapon, time between injury and surgery, VA at arrival and 6 months after surgery, and type of trauma according to the International Trauma Classification. RESULTS: Fifty-seven out of 236 patients with ocular injuries from explosive weapons were included in the study; all of them were military men, average age 22 years (range 16-53 years). The average time between the blast and primary closing was 1 day, and 10 days between primary closing and vitreoretinal surgery. Open traumas by laceration accounted for 96% of cases and 4% were closed traumas; 76% of the eyes had IOFB, of which 18% involved PT; 5% had endophthalmitis. Contusion was the diagnosis for 100% of the closed traumas. Of the open traumas, 40% were localized at zone I, 44% at zone II, and 16% at zone III. Upon arrival, 98% of patients had VA 20/800-LP and 2% had >20/40. The patients with closed trauma had the injuries at zone III and presented VA 20/800-LP. All patients underwent posterior vitrectomy, scleral buckling, endotaponade and when required, lensectomy (82%), IOFB removal (72%), and/or retinectomy (25%). Postoperative VA improved in 43% of the patients, stabilized in 41% and evolved to NLP in 15% of the cases. Initial expressions of ocular trauma such as RD, PT and endophthalmitis suggest bad prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: We presented a series of patients with severe ocular trauma of the posterior segment from explosive weapons. These patients were treated according to our surgical protocol with extreme vitreoretinal surgery within the first 2 weeks after the blast; with our procedure we obtained stabilization or improvement of the VA for 84% of the cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Indocyanine green angiographic findings in acute retinal necrosis.

PURPOSE: To clarify indocyanine green (IA) angiographic features in patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN). METHODS: Two patients with ARN were examined by fluorescein angiography (FA) and IA, and findings from both were compared. RESULTS: Fundus examination revealed widespread retinal hemorrhages and yellowish-white patches in the periphery, characteristic of ARN. In both cases, FA showed diffuse dye leakage from all retinal veins and the optic disc, and vascular obstruction in the peripheral fundus. In IA, dye leakage was localized, and extravasation of dye was evident only from the lower temporal retinal vein and the lower half of the optic disc. This pattern of indocyanine green dye leakage appeared to be continuous from the optic disc toward the lower temporal retinal vein. Also, IA clearly demonstrated choroidal vascular filling delay in one case in the early phase of the angiogram. CONCLUSIONS: While FA showed diffuse dye leakage from all retinal veins, IA identified only the retinal vessels with the most prominent vascular damage. IA also identified choroidal vascular lesions in these patients with ARN. The information obtained by IA might be useful to detect retinal vasculitis with prominent inflammation and to determine the extent of choroidal inflammation in patients with ARN.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed2001

Optic disc, foveal, and extrafoveal damage due to surgical separation of the vitreous.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the morphologic outcomes resulting from surgical vitreoretinal separation in young adult primates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vitrectomy and mechanical separation of the vitreous from the internal limiting lamina (ILL) of the posterior retina and surface of the optic disc were performed on 25 young adult cynomolgus monkey eyes in vivo. Lectin histochemical studies were used to evaluate the vitreoretinal interface. Morphologic outcomes were tabulated. RESULTS: In 11 of 25 eye regions, residual vitreous remained attached to the ILL in some of the regions. Localized ILL breaks or separation of the ILL from the neural retina was noted in 9 eyes. Retinal tissue loss, including avulsion of the ganglion cell, inner plexiform, or inner nuclear layers, was observed in 7 eyes. Avulsion of axon bundles in the optic disc was noted in 9 eyes. Significantly, partial- or full-thickness foveal tears were noted in 11 eyes. Based on the surgeons' intraoperative observations, small superficial optic disc or retinal hemorrhages were observed in 3 of 25 eyes. None of the eyes on which a vitrectomy alone was performed showed ILL damage, or retinal or optic disc tissue loss. CONCLUSION: Damage may occur to the optic disc, fovea, and extrafoveal retina as a result of surgical separation of the vitreous from the retina in young adult primates. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These data support the contention that surgically induced damage at the level of the vitreoretinal interface may help explain the visual field defects noted after surgery to close full-thickness macular holes. These data also support the need for developing additional modalities to assist in vitreous separation, thereby reducing the risk of traumatic complications associated with purely mechanical procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Orbital barotrauma.

A 24-year-old man sustained orbital and facial injury when an industrial suction device attached to his face. Hemorrhage and edema within the orbital soft tissues were clinically evidenced by proptosis and restricted ocular motility and confirmed by computed tomography. No retinal hemorrhages or exudates were noted. Orbital soft tissue injury caused by sudden extreme decrease in extravascular atmospheric pressure (i.e., orbital barotrauma) is not well described in the ophthalmic literature. The findings in our case are remarkably similar to those seen with traumatic asphyxia and the ophthalmological hydrostatic pressure syndrome, two conditions attributed to an increase in intravascular pressure. Physiologically, our case and these conditions share a similar increase in transmural pressure at the capillary level that is responsible for fluid transudate and hemorrhage in the orbital soft tissues. Intraretinal hemorrhages and exudates typical of Purtscher's retinopathy were conspicuously absent in our patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Semiconducting lasers for the treatment of vascular retinopathy].

Clinical photocoagulation was performed successfully in 18 eyes with retinal vascular disease. In all cases semiconductor laser was used emitting wave lengths from 780 to 840 nm. Energy for visible coagulation edema was 400 up to 1,200 mW, time between 0.2 and 1 s. In 3 cases using endolaser, acute retinal traction during light exposition was seen; retinal hemorrhages occurred in no patient. Four patients complained of moderate to marked pain compared to argon laser treatment. In all cases visible marked retinal scars of therapeutical range were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Multiple anomalies of cerebral vessels. A case of multiple aneurysms associated with fenestration of the middle cerebral artery and persistent primitive trigeminal artery].

A case of multiple intracranial anomalies was reported. They consisted of fenestration of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), persistent primitive trigeminal artery and four intracranial aneurysms. The patient, 45-year-old male, had an attack of subarachnoid hemorrhage on July 15, 1982. He was transferred and admitted to our Dept. of Neurosurgery on July 27. On admission neurological examinations revealed retinal hemorrhage, bilateral papilledema and abducens nerve paresis on the left. Cerebral angiography demonstrated multiple aneurysms, one in the left vertebral artery, one in the left MCA, one in the right IC-PC junction and one in the fenestrated right MCA and persistent primitive trigeminal artery. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated high density areas in the basal cistern and bilateral sylvian fissures, and cavum septi pellucidi and cavum Vergae as well. Surgical intervention was done and all aneurysms were clipped or coated successfully. The aneurysm in the fenestrated right MCA had originated from the proximal end of the fenestration of the MCA. The cavum septi pellucidi and cavum Vergae were asymptomatic. The postoperative course was uneventful. The authors discussed the pathogenesis and clinical meanings of fenestration of the MCA and persistent primitive trigeminal artery, and inferred that the genetic abnormality at the stage of development of cerebral vessels could play one part of the formation of intracranial aneurysms, because of the fact that the cerebrovascular anomalies showed high incidence of coexistence of intracranial aneurysms.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ocular signs of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis: a retrospective study in dogs from Barcelona, Spain.

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a tick-borne disease caused by the rickettsia Ehrlichia canis. Ocular lesions are a common feature of the disease and can be present in all stages. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence, type and response to treatment of ocular lesions associated with monocytic ehrlichiosis in 46 affected dogs presented to the Autonomous University of Barcelona-Veterinary Teaching Hospital (UAB-VTH) from January 2000 to December 2002. Dogs were included in the study only if they had a positive serologic test for E. canis and information about the clinical outcome was available. Eighteen breeds were represented, with the German Shepherd dog (n = 6) being the most common. There were 25 intact and three castrated males, and 16 intact and two neutered females. Twenty dogs (43.4%) were between 5 and 10 years old. Seventeen dogs (37% of all cases of monocytic ehrlichiosis diagnosed during the study period) had ocular signs, and 11 dogs (64.7% of the ocular cases) had only ocular lesions without apparent systemic signs. Exudative retinal detachment was the most common ocular manifestation; other prevalent findings included anterior exudative uveitis and optic neuritis. Five of the 17 cases with ocular lesions (29.4%) had ocular bleeding disorders (hyphema or retinal hemorrhages). All the dogs with ocular disease presented with bilateral signs. Dogs with posterior segment disease had titers against E. canis that were > or = 1 : 320, while lower titers were noted in dogs with anterior exudative uveitis. Two dogs presented with chronic autoimmune panuveitis after ehrlichiosis treatment. Canine ehrlichiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of exudative retinal detachment and anterior uveal inflammatory lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Posterior segment neovascularization associated with optic nerve aplasia.

PURPOSE: To report the presence of posterior segment neovascularization in eyes with optic nerve aplasia. METHODS: Three eyes in two patients with clinical optic nerve aplasia were studied. RESULTS: Examination disclosed posterior segment neovascularization in one eye and progressive posterior segment neovascularization in two eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior segment neovascularization may occur in association with optic nerve aplasia. Retinal ischemia or retinochoroidal anatomic disorganization, or both, may provide the stimulus for neovascularization in such eyes.

Coloboma↗
PubMed1990

[Moschcowitz syndrome and retinal neovascularization with retinal detachment].

The authors examined a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (Moschcowitz's disease). Six months after the patient was first seen with massive bilateral vascular occlusion, she presented with advanced retinal neovascularization in both eyes and traction retinal detachment in the left eye. While traction retinal detachment is a very rare sequela of this hematologic disorder, patients with Moschocowitz's disease should be carefully examined for early signs of ocular neovascularization in order to prevent loss of residual vision.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Course of diabetic retinopathy following cataract surgery.

Five patients with mild to moderate retinopathy to both eyes underwent complication-free cataract surgery in one eye. Within three months of surgery deterioration of the retinopathy was observed in the operated eye only. In four patients there was an increase of intraretinal haemorrhages and hard exudates, accompanied by clinically significant macular oedema manifested as retinal thickening and extensive fluorescein leakage from both the macular and the peripapillary capillary networks. Of these four patients one also developed retinal ischaemia, evident ophthalmoscopically by flame-shaped haemorrhages and cotton-wool spots and angiographically by areas of capillary non-perfusion. The fifth patient showed proliferation of new blood vessels and vitreous haemorrhage. Diabetic patients scheduled for cataract surgery should undergo a thorough preoperative evaluation of any existing retinopathy. Postoperatively they should be followed up at close intervals so that any progression of retinopathy can be promptly detected and considered for laser treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

[Subarachnoid hemmorrhage and aneurysmal change of cerebral arteries due to metastases of chorioepithelioma (author's transl)].

An episode of subarachnoid hemorrhage was seen on a 22-year-old married woman, which followed vaginal spotting and convulsive seizure. The neurological examination revealed bilateral papilledema, retinal hemorrhage, neck stiffness, Kernig's sign abducens paresis on the right. The chest X-ray film showed a spherical mass lesion in the right lung. The pelvic examination disclosed no pathological findings, however, HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) in the urine increased significantly. Intracranial metastasis of chorioepithelioma was the tentative diagnosis at the admission and the right caroid angiography was performed, which demonstrated a fusiform aneruysm of the right middle cerebral artery beside arterial shift indicating a metastatic mass lesion in the parietal lobe. At surgery the tumor was removed and the arterial change was resected. Histologically the tumor was verified and the aneurysm was produced by metastasis of the tumor to the intima and interruption of the internal elastic membrane. She was placed on the anticarcinogenic agent and later the mass lesion in the chest was operated and irradiated. The postoperative carotid angiography showed another berry-shaped aneurysm arising from the right calloso-marginal artery. After the serial treatment with Actinomycin D the aneurysm disappeared completely and the arterial branch distal to the aneurysm was thrombosed. The patient is still alive 3 years after the onset of illness. An emphasis was placed that the neurosurgeon should be aware of cerebrovascular changes due to metastasis of the chorioepithelioma while making diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage of the female patients who belong to the reproductive age. Intracranial aneurysmal change due to metastatic infiltration to the arterial wall was reported.

Adult↗