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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Contribution of thermal cues to material discrimination and localization.

The objective of these two experiments was to determine the role of thermal cues in material discrimination and localization, using materials that spanned a range of thermal properties. In the first experiment, the subjects were required to select the cooler of two materials presented to the index fingers. In the second, the finger that was in contact with a material that was different from that presented to the other two fingers on the same hand had to be identified. The results indicated that the subjects were able to discriminate between materials, using thermal cues, when the differences in their thermal properties were large. The changes in skin temperature when the fingers were touching the materials were, however, smaller than those predicted by the theoretical model. The ability to localize the thermal changes when three fingers on the same hand were stimulated was poor and depended on both the thermal properties of the target and the distractor materials.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Blind man draws using diminution in three dimensions.

Can the principle of convergence in three spatial dimensions be reflected in drawings by the congenitally blind? A man who had been totally blind since birth was asked to draw scenes such as a tabletop with three cubes receding to the observer's left side. He used converging lines to show the tops of the cubes receding in depth. He drew the cubes to the left smaller than the cube in front of the observer. He drew faces of cubes to the left with tilted lines, pointing to below the front face of the cube in front. The result approximates three-point perspective. We note that the directions of objects from a vantage point in touch converge much as they do in vision.

Blindness↗
PubMed2006

The planning and execution of short auditory sequences.

Action planning, but not action execution, in speeded tasks is typically faster when responses and their effects are compatible than when they are incompatible. We tested whether response-effect compatibility (REC) affects the execution of music-like sequential actions that require temporal regularity rather than rapidity. Musicians responded to metronomic visual stimuli by producing sequences of three taps at a specific tempo on three vertically aligned keys. Each tap triggered a tone. Key-to-tone mapping was either compatible or incompatible in terms of spatial height and pitch height. The results indicated that tap timing was more accurate with compatible than with incompatible mappings, both for taps produced before (Tap 1) and after (Taps 2 and 3) the onset of auditory feedback. Thus, the observed influence of REC on action execution was not due exclusively to actual auditory feedback. The anticipation of distal action effects may be involved in planning the dynamics of temporally precise movements.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2003

Inhibition of return for the length of a line?

Inhibition of return is most often measured using an exogenous spatial cuing method. The experiments presented here follow up on a small number of studies that have examined whether a similar effect occurs for nonspatial stimulus attributes. In Experiments 1 and 2, the task was to identify a target line as either short or long. In this context, targets on valid trials were of the same length as that of a preceding cue, whereas targets on invalid trials were of a different length than that of a preceding cue. The results were similar to those in spatial orienting studies in that responses were slower for valid than for invalid targets only at stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) longer than 300 msec. In Experiment 3, the stimuli were the same but the task was to detect the onset of the target line. This task change resulted in slower responses for valid than for invalid targets at all SOAs. A similar result was observed in Experiment 4, in which validity was defined by color rather than line length, and the task was to identify the target color. The discussion centers on an opponent process approach to interpreting cuing effects, and consequent difficulties in distinguishing spatial and nonspatial cuing effects based on their time course.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The lengthening effect revisited: a reply to Prinzmetal and Wilson (1997) and Masin (1999).

In the present study, the lengthening phenomenon (Tsal & Shalev, 1996), namely, the increase in perceived length of unattended lines, was reexamined in light of criticisms by Prinzmetal and Wilson (1997) and Masin (1999). Prinzmetal and Wilson suggested that the effect was not due to attentional factors but to the spatial interaction between the attended line and the cue used to direct attention. We have replicated the lengthening effect when both attended and unattended lines are preceded by cues at a nearby location, showing that the effect is not caused by spatial cues per se, but instead reflects an inherent property of the attentional system. Masin argued that the lengthening effect is not robust, because it occurs for some but not for all participants. In the present study, the lengthening effect was highly reliable, occurring for each participant for a variety of line lengths.

Attention↗
PubMed2005

Dissociation of the distance effect and size effect in one-digit numbers.

Magnitude comparison of single digits is robustly characterized by a distance effect (close numbers are more difficult to compare than numbers further apart) and a size effect (for a given distance, comparison difficulty increases with increasing size). The distance effect indicates access to the mental number line (Dehaene, 1997), and the size effect is usually interpreted as indicating that the mental number line represents larger numbers more vaguely than smaller ones. In contrast, we have argued earlier (Verguts, Fias, & Stevens, 2005) that for symbolic numbers (Arabic or verbal notation), the size effect does not originate from the mental number line but, instead, originates from mappings to relevant output components that are specific for magnitude comparison. If the latter is true, it should be possible to dissociate the distance effect from the size effect in tasks other than magnitude comparison. In two experiments, we observed a robust distance effect in same/different judgments, which implies access to the mental number line. Yet the size effect was absent. Consistent with our prediction, this finding establishes a dissociation between the size effect and the distance effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The horizon-ratio relation as information for relative size in pictures.

The horizon-ratio relation was found to be an effective source of information for relative size in pictures under some conditions: when the difference in image size of depicted "same real size" objects was not too great (Experiment 1), and when the horizon line was not too high or too low in the picture (Experiment 2). The latter finding seemed to be linked to the observers' identification of the horizontal line as the horizon (and not as the edge of a finite surface). In addition, individual patterns of response were remarkably systematic even in the absence of a horizon, or any other pictorial information, (Experiment 3). It is suggested that in this case observers imposed a horizon on the picture on which to base their relative size judgments, possibly based on the observer's own eye level or on the content of the picture. It is concluded that although the horizon-ratio relation provides the same kind of information as that available in the optic arrays from real scenes, pictorial information requires the satisfaction of additional constraints in order to be fully effective.

Form Perception↗
PubMed1998

The use of time and trajectory forms as visual information about spatial scale in events.

Spatial metrics are lost but temporal metrics are preserved in the mapping from events to optic flow. In inanimate events governed by gravity, temporal scale is linked to spatial scale in ways specific to particular events. We tested whether time can be used as information about spatial scale in visually recognizable events. On average, observers were able to judge object size in event displays that eliminated information other than time and trajectory forms. However, judgment variability was substantial. After feedback on one event, observers judging distance performed better and generalized training to other events. Observers are sensitive to the general form of the scaling relation, but they require feedback to attune event-specific constants.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Perception of biological motion: a stimulus set of human point-light actions.

We present a set of stimuli representing human actions under point-light conditions, as seen from different viewpoints. The set contains 22 fairly short, well-delineated, and visually "loopable" actions. For each action, we provide movie files from five different viewpoints as well as a text file with the three spatial coordinates of the point lights, allowing researchers to construct customized versions. The full set of stimuli may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive/.

Biology↗