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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effect of intracoronal bleaching on external cervical root resorption.

The purpose of this study was to examine histologically and radiographically the effect of a bleaching agent, a mixture of sodium perborate and superoxol (30% hydrogen peroxide), without a heat source on the cervical root surface and periodontal tissue of endodontically treated teeth of dogs. Endodontic treatment was performed on anterior teeth of dogs. The endodontically treated teeth were then divided into two groups. One group received walking bleach procedures, while the other group did not. The animals were killed at intervals of 1 and 3 months after bleaching for histological and radiographic examination. External cervical root resorption was only observed in bleached teeth at 3-month but not at 1-month observation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

In vitro comparison of bleaching agents on the crowns and roots of discolored teeth.

Sixty teeth were stained in vitro to compare the decolorizing effect of three bleaching agents on the crowns and on the roots of teeth containing an intracoronal isolating base. With an intracoronal isolating base placed either at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) or 2-mm below the CEJ, bleaching agents of Superoxol, sodium perborate, and a combination of the two were placed in the pulp chamber of teeth and the accesses sealed with IRM. Customized shade guides were used to evaluate the color changes of the crowns and roots. After three treatments, the combination technique was found to be more effective in decolorizing the crowns and roots of teeth than Superoxol or sodium perborate alone (p less than 0.05). No difference was found between the Superoxol group and the sodium perborate group. There was no difference in color shades of crowns in which the IRM base was placed either at the CEJ or 2-mm below the CEJ. The roots of all groups showed some degree of decoloration. Based on the bleaching effects on discolored roots, the effectiveness of this seal is questionable.

Borates↗
PubMed2004

Effects of Crest Whitestrips bleaching on subsurface microhardness and ultrastructure of tooth enamel and coronal dentin.

PURPOSE: To describe the complementary subsurface analysis of structural and ultrastructural effects of bleaching with Crest Whitestrips on enamel and coronal dentin METHODS: Human tooth enamel specimens were cycled through a daily regimen including salivary immersions and treatments with commercial tooth whitening gels containing hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide. Treatments with hydrogen peroxide in Crest Whitestrips gel base were carried out for up to 70 hours bleaching (some five fold to the clinical exposure required to produce satisfactory whitening in bleaching strip systems as established by double blind placebo controlled clinical studies) [correction]. Following in vitro laboratory cycling, the teeth were cross sectioned and remounted for observation of microhardness and ultrastructural characteristics in subsurface regions. Ultrastructure was assessed by application of confocal laser scanning microscopy (reflection mode). RESULTS: Peroxide whitening compositions had no effects on subsurface microhardness of enamel or dentin, even under conditions of five fold overbleaching. Crest Whitestrips gel containing up to 6.5% hydrogen peroxide applied for periods up to 70 hours (five kit) overbleaching was found to produce no changes (at a lateral resolution of 200-300 nm) in observed subsurface enamel and dentin ultrastructure or architecture.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Cervical canal leakage after internal bleaching.

The effects that walking bleach procedures had on root canal filling leakage and the extent of dentinal penetration were studied. Forty teeth were divided into four groups: 1--GP, set sealer, no base; 2--GP, set sealer, 2-mm Cavit base; 3--GP, unset sealer, no base; and 4--GP, unset sealer, 2-mm Cavit base. All were bleached for 7 days, fresh bleach was added for another 7 days, then methylene blue dye was placed for 5 days. The extent of dye penetration apically along the root canal filling and through the dentinal tubules was evaluated. The results indicate that 2 mm of Cavit was sufficient to significantly reduce linear leakage and dentinal penetration. The Cavit should be placed to a level slightly coronal to the facial cementoenamel junction. Teeth with cemental defects demonstrated greater perpendicular dye penetration in the areas of the defects than those with intact cementum. The data from this study suggest the use of a base material over gutta-percha in clinical practice prior to internal walking bleach procedures.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of bleaching agents on mercury release from spherical dental amalgam.

To investigate the effect of carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and over-the-counter home bleaching products on the release of mercury from spherical dental amalgam, 150 uniform amalgam specimens were prepared in clear acrylic blocks, aged for one week at 37 degrees C, and placed into individual polystyrene jars containing 20 mL of sterile saline. The specimens were divided into three groups of 50 and bleached in eight-hour cycles. All groups exposed to bleach showed increased mercury release over time.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Nightguard vital bleaching: how safe is it?

The conservative technique for bleaching vital teeth using a nightguard and a 10% carbamide peroxide solution has captured the esthetic interests of the dental profession. The purpose of this article is to assess the safety of the products used in this bleaching technique based on results from past related research and current research. Ten percent carbamide peroxide solutions used in numerous studies have demonstrated tissue-healing properties as well as a propensity for the reduction of plaque and gingivitis. None of these clinical studies revealed any untoward or detrimental side effects, and all demonstrated beneficial effects. Although some concern exists regarding the potentiating effects of peroxide solutions in the presence of known carcinogens, concerns of toxicity or damage to hard and soft tissues appear unfounded. The majority of current and past research and literature indicates that the current use of a 10% carbamide peroxide solution in the method advocated for bleaching vital teeth is apparently safe when administered properly under the supervision of a dentist.

Carbamide Peroxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of home bleaching agents on the surface roughness of tooth-colored restoratives with time.

This study evaluated the effects of home bleaching agents on the surface roughness of composite restoratives. Two home bleaching gels (10% and 15% carbamide peroxide, Opalescence) and five different tooth-colored restorative materials from the same manufacturer (3M-ESPE) were selected. They included microfill (Filtek A110 [FO]), flowable (Filtek Flow [FF]), polyacid-acid modified (F2000 [FT]) and minifill (Z100 [ZO]; Filtek Z250 [ZT]) composites. Thirty-six specimens of each material were fabricated, randomly divided into three groups (n=12) and treated as follows: Group 1-Stored in distilled water, Group 2-Bleached with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) eight hours/day; Group 3-Bleached with 15% CP eight hours/day. All treatment was conducted at 37 degrees C and fresh gel applied and rinsed off daily for eight weeks. For the bleached groups, the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C during the hiatus periods. All the specimens were subjected to roughness testing (Ra) at weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 using a profilometer. The results were analyzed using general linear model with Scheffe's post-hoc tests at significance level 0.05. The results showed that the effect of bleaching on surface roughness was material and time dependent. ZT was not affected by bleaching treatment, while FT was significantly roughened after one week of bleaching with 15% CP compared to the control group. FO, FF and ZO were not significantly roughened until eight weeks of bleaching. Repolishing or replacement of tooth-colored restorations may be required after bleaching procedures.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Are snow-white teeth really so desirable?

Properly accomplished, bleaching or whitening teeth is a highly positive behavior-changing procedure that is not going to go away. It has been one of the major encouragements for patients to accept upgrades in their smiles. However, bleaching has some negative challenges. Dental practitioners who are aware of these can help ensure that the patient's bleaching experience is a satisfying one.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2003

Safety issues when using carbamide peroxide to bleach vital teeth--a review of the literature.

Hydrogen Peroxide is used to bleach discoloured teeth but since its introduction in the late nineteenth century there have been concerns about its safety and efficacy. This paper reviews the literature on hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide and assesses if these products can be recommended for clinical use. The authors used a Medline search to find the literature for review and from these the findings were divided into laboratory, animal and human studies. In conclusion no dental treatment is without risk but from the evidence it seems that bleaching teeth is comparatively safe.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Two in-office bleaching systems: a scanning electron microscope study.

The purpose of this investigation was to analyze by scanning electron microscopy the effects of heated and light-absorbing bleaching agents on enamel surface morphology. Twelve freshly extracted human anterior teeth were selected for this study. The teeth were randomly divided into four equal groups: Group I (control), Group II (teeth treated with Opalescence Quick, a heated bleaching agent), Group III (teeth treated with Opalescence Xtra, a light-absorbing bleaching agent), Group IV (teeth treated with Ultra-Etch 35% phosphoric acid etchant). After receiving a prophylaxis with a slurry of pumice, the bleaching materials were applied to the facial enamel surfaces following the manufacturer's specifications. The teeth in Group IV were etched for 15 to 20 seconds, washed, and air-dried. All specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscope evaluations. Scanning electron microscope micrographs indicated that only those specimens etched with phosphoric acid (Group IV) exhibited an etching pattern on the enamel surface. No differences in enamel surface morphology were observed between the untreated control specimens and the specimens treated with the bleaching materials.

Carbamide Peroxide↗