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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Migraine-related visual-field loss with prolonged recovery.

BACKGROUND: Migraine is a complex neurologic syndrome that commonly causes visual disturbances. Although migraine visual disturbances are usually transient in nature, persistent or permanent visual field defects may occur. When persistent visual-field loss is found-even if migraine is suspected-appropriate workup must be performed to rule out other causes of vision loss. CASE REPORTS: Two patients went to the eye clinic for comprehensive examination. One patient with symptomatic visual loss and one patient with asymptomatic visual loss were evaluated by serial ophthalmic examinations, neurologic/medical evaluations, computed tomography of the head, and laboratory results. Each patient reported a history consistent with migraine, and each demonstrated resolution of persistent visual-field defects that had been present longer than 10 days. Since ophthalmic, medical, laboratory, and imaging results did not identify and etiology other than migraine as the cause of the vision loss, it is likely that each case represents a specific form of complicated migraine. CONCLUSIONS: Previous reports suggest that migraine-related visual deficits usually become permanent if persistent for more than 7 days. These reports demonstrate that visual recovery may still occur when field defects are present for 10 days or more.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Nasal visual field loss with intracranial lesions of the optic nerve pathways.

Five patients developed nasal visual field defects as a result of involvement of the intracranial portion of the optic nerves. The cause in each patient, respectively, was as follows: (1) dolichoectatic carotid arteries, (2) optochiasmatic arachnoiditis, (3) meningioma of the olfactory groove, (4) pituitary apoplexy, and (5) pituitary chromophobe adenoma. The common factor in these cases was probably impaired circulation in the prechiasmal arterial anastomotic network. The nasal visual field loss present in these cases was characterized by a pattern similar to that seen in glaucoma but with impairment of visual acuity. The superior nasal visual field was usually normal and the lower temporal visual field often defective.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗

PubMed2001

Association of retinal vessel caliber and visual field defects in glaucoma.

PURPOSE: This study evaluates the asymmetry of peripapillary retinal vessel caliber between inferior and superior hemispheres in eyes with visual field defects predominantly in one hemifield. DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: In a retrospective study, 64 eyes of 64 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma who had a marked difference in visual field defects between hemifields and who had no history of diabetes, trauma, or vascular occlusive disease were studied. The diameters of the superior and inferotemporal vessels were measured at the optic disk border with calipers on an enlarged image. RESULTS: In 64 eyes, the average ratio of the superior temporal artery diameter to inferotemporal artery diameter was significantly greater in the eyes with predominantly superior visual field defects as compared with those with inferior defects (1.10 +/- 0.22 vs. 0.92 +/- 0.19, respectively, P =.002, two-tailed t test). This indicates that the arteriole corresponding to the hemifield with the greater visual field defect was narrower than the arteriole in the other hemifield. This relationship was confirmed using chi(2) analysis (P =.002) comparing the proportions of eyes with ratios greater or less than normal vessel caliber ratios (normal ratio = 0.95 from data reported by Jonas and associates to the location of the dominant field defect. No statistically significant relationship was detected between retinal vein diameter and localized visual field defects, as determined by both the unpaired t test and chi(2) analysis. CONCLUSION: In eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma, this study demonstrates a strong association between decreased peripapillary arteriole diameter and visual field defects in the corresponding hemifield. This reflects either an ischemic basis for glaucomatous damage or vascular constriction when there are fewer axons to nourish.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Relationship between optic nerve head microcirculation and visual field loss in glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To study the relationship between optic nerve head blood flow velocity and visual field loss in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG). METHODS: This study included 44 eyes of 44 patients with POAG and 44 eyes of 44 patients with NTG. To evaluate optic nerve head blood flow velocity, the square blur rate (SBR) was measured by means of laser speckle flowgraphy. The correlation between SBR and Humphrey visual field indices was evaluated with linear regression analysis. RESULTS: In the NTG group, the average SBR at the superior and inferior temporal neuroretinal rim was positively correlated with mean deviation (MD) (r = 0.349, p = 0.020). The SBR at the superior or inferior temporal neuroretinal rim was positively correlated with the sum of the total deviations in the corresponding hemifields (r = 0.299, p = 0.049; r = 0.354, p = 0.019, respectively). The correlations between SBR and MD did not differ statistically between the NTG and POAG groups; however, no significant correlation between SBR and visual field indices was observed in the POAG group. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that the change in the circulation of the optic nerve head may be related to visual field damage in the NTG group but may be less involved in visual field damage in the POAG group.

Antihypertensive Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Recovery of visual field loss due to central retinal artery occlusion.

BACKGROUND: The recovery of the visual field in eyes with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) has rarely been reported, because the patient has difficulty in central fixation during perimetry testing due to poor visual acuity. We describe the recovery of the central visual field in eyes with atypical CRAO. CASES: Two patients who showed sudden visual loss underwent ophthalmic examinations, including fluorescein fundus angiography and Humphrey central 30-2 perimetry. OBSERVATIONS: Both patients had good visual acuity at presentation, with normal retinal color in the area of the papillomacular bundle surrounded by a mild retinal whitening in one case and by scattered cotton-wool patches in the other. They were considered on the basis of angiographic findings to have central retinal artery occlusion. The mean deviation of the Humphrey central 30-2 perimetry gradually improved during the initial 70 days after the onset of symptoms in both patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although the mechanism remains to be clarified, a certain degree of visual field recovery may be seen in some cases of retinal artery occlusion. More patients with CRAO should be studied with follow-up perimetry.

Fluorescein Angiography↗

PubMed2001

Peripheral visual field defects after macular hole surgery: a complication with decreasing incidence.

AIM: To prospectively evaluate peripheral visual fields after vitrectomy for idiopathic macular holes. METHODS: Goldmann perimetry was performed in 105 patients before, as well as 6 weeks and 12 months after macular hole surgery. RESULTS: Only one patient (< 1%) with a stage III macular hole developed an asymptomatic postoperative visual field defect. The scotoma was wedge-shaped, peripherally located in the temporal quadrant, and remained unchanged during the following 12 months. CONCLUSION: Peripheral visual field defects after macular hole surgery can be a complication of very low incidence. A rather low pressure set during air-fluid exchange as well as special aspects of the surgical technique may be responsible for this low incidence of peripheral visual field defects.

Aged↗

PubMed1976

Receptive-field characteristics of neurons in cat striate cortex: Changes with visual field eccentricity.

1. Receptive-field properties of 214 neurons from cat striate cortex were studied with particular emphasis on: a) classification, b) field size, c) orientation selectivity, d) direction selectivity, e) speed selectivity, and f) ocular dominance. We studied receptive fields located throughtout the visual field, including the monocular segment, to determine how receptivefield properties changed with eccentricity in the visual field.2. We classified 98 cells as "simple," 80 as "complex," 21 as "hypercomplex," and 15 in other categories. The proportion of complex cells relative to simple cells increased monotonically with receptive-field eccenticity.3. Direction selectivity and preferred orientation did not measurably change with eccentricity. Through most of the binocular segment, this was also true for ocular dominance; however, at the edge of the binocular segment, there were more fields dominated by the contralateral eye.4. Cells had larger receptive fields, less orientation selectivity, and higher preferred speeds with increasing eccentricity. However, these changes were considerably more pronounced for complex than for simple cells.5. These data suggest that simple and complex cells analyze different aspects of a visual stimulus, and we provide a hypothesis which suggests that simple cells analyze input typically from one (or a few) geniculate neurons, while complex cells receive input from a larger region of geniculate neurons. On average, this region is invariant with eccentricity and, due to a changing magnification factor, complex fields increase in size with eccentricity much more than do simple cells. For complex cells, computations of this geniculate region transformed to cortical space provide a cortical extent equal to the spread of pyramidal cell basal dendrites.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

[Familial binasal visual field contraction].

A 45-year-old heavy smoker was referred to the clinic for acute unilateral visual acuity reduction and irregular visual field constriction. An ischemic optic neuropathy with ipsilateral pit of the disc and medullated parapapillar nerve fibres was diagnosed. In spite of a normal fundus a visual field contraction in the upper nasal quadrant was found on the other eye. The son of the patient had bilateral crater-like holes of the disc with binasal visual field contraction. Similar visual field defects were found in the patient's daughter, with pseudopapilledema.

Female↗

PubMed2005

Adults with dyslexia demonstrate space-based and object-based covert attention deficits: shifting attention to the periphery and shifting attention between objects in the left visual field.

Performance on a covert visual attention task is compared between a group of adults with developmental dyslexia (specifically phonological difficulties) and a group of age and IQ matched controls. The group with dyslexia were generally slower to detect validly-cued targets. Costs of shifting attention toward the periphery when the target was invalidly cued were significantly higher for the group with dyslexia, while costs associated with shifts toward the fovea tended to be lower. Higher costs were also shown by the group with dyslexia for up-down shifts of attention in the periphery. A visual field processing difference was found, in that the group with dyslexia showed higher costs associated with shifting attention between objects in they LVF. These findings indicate that these adults with dyslexia have difficulty in both the space-based and the object-based components of covert visual attention, and more specifically to stimuli located in the periphery.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Detecting progressive visual field loss.

Involvement in shared care projects requires the optometrist to make a series of decisions one of which is an assessment of the visual field data to see if there has been any progression. To aid the optometrist in making this decision, the relationship between inter-test variability in the visual field and extent of loss has been established for the Henson CFS2000 perimeter. In this study, visual field data were collected, with a supra-threshold strategy, from 174 eyes (89 patients) over a period of 2 years, there being a total of 595 visual field records. The sample included patients with both normal and glaucomatous visual fields. The results show that analysis based upon the number of stimuli missed at 5 or more dB above the threshold estimate reveals an increasing variability with extent of loss. These data can be used by optometrists to establish the significance of any change in the number of missed stimuli from one visit to the next.

Glaucoma↗

PubMed1994

Superiority of clear-visor safety hat to opaque-visor hat: an evaluation of upper visual-field obstruction.

Three subjects were used to compare superior visual-field threshold for 5 North American industry-standard opaque safety hard hats with a prototype clear translucent-visor safety hard hat and a no-hat baseline condition. Average maximum degrees of superior visual field was equivalent for the clear-visor safety hat and no-hat conditions (52.0 degrees versus 48.3 degrees) but the opaque-visor safety hats resulted in only 15.1 degrees. The opaque safety hats were worse than the clear-visor safety hat and no-hat conditions by, on the average, an order of 3. Analysis indicated that visual-field obstruction is a potential problem for wearers of opaque safety hats. Field research will be required to assess the extent of injuries caused by an impaired superior field of vision when wearing opaque-safety-hat visors. The potential positive effects of the clear-visor safety hat on reduction of accidents also must be determined.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed1985

The relationship between the extent of visual field and driving performance--a review.

The effect of the extent of visual field upon driving performance has recently received a great deal of interest. With such a volume of traffic on the roads today, peripheral vision would seem to be essential for safe driving and yet past literature is inconclusive as to the relationship between the extent of visual field and driving performance. This paper reviews the research work and gives possible reasons for the lack of relationship reported in most of the studies. Until further research work does determine the minimum visual field required for safe driving, the role of the medical practitioner in advising patients when they are considered unsafe to drive is in question. The provision of a period of adaptation after complete loss of vision in a previously normal eye should also be considered, during which time the motorist is temporarily banned from driving.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed1982

Restitution of visual field in patients with damage to the geniculostriate visual pathway.

Previous experiments have investigated the effect of specific practice on partially blinded monkeys after striate cortex lesions. Similar procedures were adapted for patients suffering homonymous field defects due to geniculostriate damage. Both methods, light detection and saccadic localization, led to an enlargement of the visual field. The amount of this enlargement depended on the eccentricity of the field border as well as on the level of light sensitivity in the region between the intact field and the scotoma. Recovery of visual field included the reappearance of various visual functions (e.g. visual acuity, color identification). In periods without training visual field did not recover. It is hypothesized that recovery can take place at the level of the striate cortex, and is mediated by structures interacting with the striate cortex, e.g. the superior colliculus.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[High mean pallor value--a risk factor for deterioration of the visual field in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. A pilot study using the optic nerve head analyzer].

UNLABELLED: Does the disc parameter "mean pallor value" suggest a risk for further deterioration of visual field defects? PATIENTS: In 10 patients with ocular hypertension and 23 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (Octopus 201, Humphrey perimeter) disc pallor was calculated by double examinations with the ONHA in 1987-1988, and a long-term follow-up of the visual field was performed. In all patients we also acquired information about the IOP level and visual field during the observation time from the ophthalmologists. Only one eye per patient was evaluated after randomized selection. RESULTS: In ocular hypertensive patients only 1 of 10 eyes showed deterioration of the visual field. In the glaucoma group 4 eyes out of 23 showed an increase in visual field loss. The eyes with a tendency to deteriorate had a higher mean pallor value compared with the mean value of the corresponding group [ocular hypertensives: 0.40 compared to 0.31 +/- 0.07 (0.02); POAG: 0.50 +/- 0.06 (0.03) compared to 0.33 +/- 0.08 (0.02); mean value +/- SE (SEM)]. The difference was statistically significant in the glaucoma group; Wilcoxon, Mann and Whitney U-test; P < 0.005. CONCLUSIONS: Taking into consideration all risk factors, the mean pallor value might help additionally to prognosticate the risk of deterioration of the visual field as far as 5-year follow-up allows this preliminary conclusion. The pallor value alone is not suitable for the follow-up of glaucoma patients because of the influence of increasing lens opacities and changes in the video system of the ONHA over years.

Follow-Up Studies↗

PubMed2000

Ability of a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (TopSS) to detect early glaucomatous visual field defect.

AIMS: To evaluate the ability of the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (TopSS) to detect early glaucomatous visual field defect using our unique discriminant criteria. METHODS: The optic discs of 110 eyes of normal Korean subjects were examined and normal values for each variable were obtained according to the size of the optic disc. The five most sensitive optic disc variables for discriminating glaucoma were then applied to one eye of 80 Korean subjects with primary open angle glaucoma or normal tension glaucoma. Only eyes with an optic disc size of 2.0-3.0 mm(2) and a contour tilt of less than 3 degrees were included. These variables were used to develop unique discriminant criteria for detecting early glaucomatous visual field defect and their sensitivity and specificity were calculated in three groups of patients with visual field loss. RESULTS: The five most sensitive variables were half the depth area, cup/disc (C/D) ratio, total area of the neuroretinal rim (NRR), volume above, and localised thinning of the NRR. The following criteria were used to diagnose glaucoma: (1) total area of the NRR decreased and one of the other four variables abnormal, and (2) total area of the NRR normal, localised thinning of the NRR, and one of the other three variables abnormal. The sensitivity of these criteria was 89.7% in patients with a mildly impaired visual field and 100% in those with a moderately or severely impaired visual field; the specificity was 89.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The discriminant criteria used had high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of glaucoma and the TopSS can be useful in the early detection of changes in the glaucomatous optic disc.

Female↗

PubMed1994

Retinal light sensitivity of the central visual field among 70- to 81-year-old men and women.

Retinal light sensitivity of the central visual field (0-30 degrees), visual acuity, intraocular pressure and pupillary size were screened in 42 men and 42 women aged 70 to 81 years. The subjects were randomly selected from the population register. After excluding the diagnosed glaucoma cases, the men had better visual field light sensitivity values than the women. They also had lower intraocular pressure and a wider pupillary diameter than the women, whereas there were no differences in visual acuity between the sexes. When the effect of pupillary size was controlled the differences in visual field light sensitivity values between men and women became non-significant. Among these elderly people there was a negative correlation between retinal light sensitivity and age among the men but not among the women.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Visual field attention is reduced by concomitant hands-free conversation on a cellular telephone.

PURPOSE: To quantify the central attention-diverting effect of hands-free cellular phone conversation on visual field awareness. DESIGN: Experimental study. METHODS: Twenty male and 21 female healthy participants performed a pretest and baseline Esterman visual field examinations with the Humphrey Systems Visual Field Analyzer II. During the consequent third examination, each participant engaged in a hands-free conversation using a cellular phone. The conversation was the same for all participants. Visual field performance parameters were compared between the second (baseline) examination, and the third (test) examination for each eye. RESULTS: During phone conversation, missed points increased from mean 1.0 +/- 1.5 to 2.6 +/- 3.4 (P < or =.001) in the right eye and from 1.1 +/- 1.53 to 3.0 +/- 3.4 (P <.001) in the left eye. Fixation loss increased from mean 7.8% to 27.4% (P <.0001) and from 7.2% to 34.8% (P <.0001) for the right and left eyes, respectively. Test duration increased by a mean of 0.28 seconds (15%) per stimulus (P <.0001). Approximately half of missed points were inside the central 30 degrees. There was no significant difference in the performance of male and female participants. CONCLUSION: We describe a new model for the quantification of the attention-diverting effect of cellular-phone conversation on the visual field. In the current study, cellular hands-free conversation caused some subjects to miss significantly more points, react slower to each stimulus, and perform with reduced precision. Legislative restrictions on concomitant cellular-phone conversation and driving may need to be based on individual performance rather than a general ban on cellular phone usage.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Illumination of upper and middle visual fields produces equivalent suppression of melatonin in older volunteers.

Bright light treatment has become an important method of treating depression and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. The efficacy of bright light treatment may be dependent upon the position of the light-source, as it determines the relative illumination in each portion of the visual field. This study compared illumination of upper and middle visual fields to determine whether melatonin suppression is different or equivalent. Thirteen older volunteers received three illumination conditions in counterbalanced orders: 1000 lux in the upper visual field, 1000 lux in the middle visual field, or dim diffuse illumination < 5 lux. A four-choice reaction time task was performed during tests to ensure eye direction and illumination of the intended portion of the visual field. Illumination in the upper and middle visual fields significantly suppressed melatonin compared to < 5 lux (p < 0.001). Melatonin suppression was not significantly different with upper or middle field illumination. These results indicate that bright light treatments placed above the eye level might be as effective as those requiring patients to look directly at the light source. Clinical comparative testing would be valuable. In addition, this study demonstrates that significant suppression of melatonin may be achieved through the use of bright light in healthy older volunteers.

Aged↗