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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Fluvoxamine in the treatment of compulsive buying.

BACKGROUND: The authors report the results of an open trial of fluvoxamine in the treatment of compulsive buying. METHOD: Ten nondepressed subjects were recruited through word-of-mouth and rnet restrictive inclusion/exclusion criteria. Subjects were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for compulsive buying, the Clinical Global Impression scale, and other measures. After a single-blind 1-week placebo run-in, subjects received fluvoxamine up to 300 mg daily for 9 weeks. RESULTS: Nine of 10 subjects improved and were less preoccupied with shopping, spent less time shopping, and reported spending less money. CONCLUSION: We conclude that compulsive buyers can be recruited for research and their symptoms measured and monitored and, finally, that fluvoxamine may be effective in its treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Integrating play therapy in the treatment of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

While behavioral and psychopharmacological approaches are the most effective interventions for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), psychodynamically oriented play therapy can enhance the treatment of children with this disorder. Play therapy techniques are useful in addressing treatment resistance, feelings of shame around OCD symptoms, negative self-concept, and issues of psychosocial adjustment. A case study illustrates this integrated approach to treatment.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1997

Predicting perfectionism: applying tests of rigidity.

Adult college students (N = 108; M age = 24.3 years old) completed multidimensional measures of perfectionism (self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially-prescribed perfectionism) and behavioral rigidity (attitudinal flexibility, psychomotor speed, and motor-cognitive rigidity). Attitudinal flexibility was negatively related to all three forms of perfectionism, and motor-cognitive rigidity was positively related to self-oriented perfectionism. Multiple regression analyses indicated that attitude flexibility and motor-cognitive rigidity were significant predictors of self-oriented perfectionism, while attitude-flexibility alone was the significant predictor of socially-prescribed perfectionism. No measure of rigidity was a significant predictor of other-oriented perfectionism. Thus, dimensions of perfectionism may be predicted with different measures of cognitive-behavioral rigidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The treatment of fetishism and socially inappropriate sexual behavior in a young male with dull normal intelligence.

A young adult male with dull normal intelligence who had a fetish to female undergarments and was engaging in socially inappropriate sexual behavior was evaluated and treated in a multimodal treatment approach. Mild and diffuse encephalopathies were noted through EEG recordings. No definite epileptiform abnormalities or focal supratentorial lesions were seen and the pattern was consistent with patients with post-encephalitis. Treatment of this patient involved the use of anti-androgen and antianxiety pharmacotherapy along with counseling to provide basic sex education and specific education for socially accepted sexual behavior. Follow-up evaluation several yrs later indicated good treatment results. This case illustrates potential sources of sexually deviant behavior and treatment options. Promising new drug treatments are available which act as sexuoerotic tranquilizers as well as treatments for underlying or concomitant psychiatric disorders. In this case, however, family dynamics and poor sex education seemed to account for most of this patient's difficulties. Counseling and psychoeducation proved to be quite effective in resolving problematic behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral group therapy and sertraline in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) and serotonin reuptake inhibitors have proven efficacy in reducing symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). There is no consensus about which of these forms of treatment is more effective. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of CBGT as compared to that of sertraline in reducing OCD symptoms. METHOD: Fifty-six outpatients with an OCD diagnosis, according to DSM-IV criteria, participated in the randomized clinical trial: 28 took 100 mg/day of sertraline and 28 underwent CBGT for 12 weeks. Efficacy of treatments was rated according to the reduction in scores on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) and the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale. The trial was performed in 4 successive periods from March 2002 to December 2003. RESULTS: Both treatments were effective, although patients treated with CBGT obtained a mean YBOCS reduction of symptoms of 44%, while those treated with sertraline obtained only a 28% reduction (p = .033). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy was also significantly more effective in reducing the intensity of compulsions (p = .030). Further, 8 patients (32%) treated with CBGT presented a complete remission of OCD symptoms (YBOCS score < or = 8) as compared to only 1 patient (4%) among those who received sertraline (p = .023). CONCLUSION: Cognitive-behavioral group therapy and sertraline have shown to be effective in reducing OCD symptoms. Nevertheless, the rate of symptom reduction, intensity reduction of compulsions, and percentage of patients who obtained full remission were significantly higher in patients treated with CBGT.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Obsessional slowness. Functional studies with positron emission tomography.

Patients with Obsessional Slowness (OS) exhibit extreme slowness in the execution of some everyday tasks, such as washing and eating. This may be due to time-consuming rituals, checking behaviour and compulsions. On examination some have neurological signs such as a glabellar tap reflex, cogwheel rigidity or abnormal postures. The purpose of this study was to establish a functional explanation for slowness in this patient group. We have studied 6 OS patients using positron emission tomography (PET) with (15)Oxygen to measure regional cerebral oxygen metabolism and [18F]-6-Fluorodopoa (18F-dopa) to assess the integrity of the presynaptic nigrostriatal system. The findings were of focal hypermetabolism in orbital frontal, premotor and midfrontal cortex, whilst dopa uptake into caudate, putamen and medial frontal cortex was normal. The relationship of these findings to the patients' slowness is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

[Compulsion].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Compulsive Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Home-based behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case series with data.

The effectiveness of "home-based" exposure and response prevention was assessed in a series of 11 subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Patients received 24 treatment sessions in a range of natural settings and situations. Sixty-four percent of the patients responded to behavior therapy in these settings, and 36% achieved lasting improvements in their OCD symptoms. Implications for the impact on consumers of this seldom-used application of behavior therapy are discussed and some recommendations for future research are made.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Behavioral and magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies in the rat hyperserotonemic model of autism.

Autism is classified as a pervasive developmental disorder, with several cardinal features including sensory disturbances, obsessive-compulsive-like behavior, lack of bonding to caregivers and motor disturbances. To date, there is a lack of an animal model of the disease. The current work is aimed at producing such a model by treating developing rat pups with a serotonergic agonist, 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT; 1 mg/kg) during development (from gestational age 12 days to postnatal day 20), thus mimicking one of the hallmark neurochemical features of the illness-increases in the neurotransmitter, serotonin. Animals were then tested in behavioral paradigms that may resemble the human illness. Treated rat pups were found to be overreactive to auditory or tactile sensory stimuli, to display changes in the negative geotaxic test of motor development, to show lack of separation-induced vocalizations when their dam was removed and to show decreased alternation in the spontaneous alternation task. As well, the animals showed metabolic abnormalities in the brain using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which are consistent with those observed in autistic children. In summary, the model we are proposing shows some of the behavioral and metabolic features of autism, as well as being produced through alteration of a neurochemical system known to be altered in autism.

5-Methoxytryptamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of disordered eating in females: instrument validation.

The purpose of this study was to validate an instrument capable of assessing 10 dimensions related to disordered eating and weight control behaviors. All subjects were female and ranged in age from 14 to 40. Of these females 68 were bulimics, 12 were compulsive eaters, and 24 eating disorders. The Disordered Eating and Weight Control Instrument (DEWCI) was administered. Differences between the groups were investigated by constructing three dummy variables contrasting the groups, correlating the scales with the dummy variables, and determining which correlations were significant. Eight of the DEWCI scales significantly (p less than .005) differentiated between the three groups. This instrument may therefore have utility for use with female populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

TS+OCD-like neuropotentiated mice are supersensitive to seizure induction.

Seizures can be induced by systemic dopamine D1 receptor agonists or by cortical-limbic neurostimulation non-selectively. Seizures are also often associated with tics and compulsions, which likewise involve cortical-limbic hyperactivity. To determine if selective potentiation of cortical-limbic D1 receptor-expressing (D1+) neurons increases seizure susceptibility, we administered pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) to mice that express a neuropotentiating transgene only in a glutamatergic, cortical-limbic subset of D1+ neurons (D1CT-7 line). These mice exhibited increased PTZ-dependent seizure incidence, onset rate and intensity. Because D1CT-7 mice also exhibit tic+compulsion-like behaviors, this implies that glutamatergic hyperactivity induced by cortical-limbic D1+ neuropotentiation facilitates not only epilepsy but also tics and compulsions. This suggests a dopamine-regulated glutamatergic basis for all three states and may explain why they often co-exist in humans.

Animals↗