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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

"El duende" and other incubi. Suggestive interactions between culture, the devil, and the brain.

The belief in persecution or possession by evil sprits is still popular in Latin American countries. Observations were made on 12 Columbian families who were haunted by 'el duende' (a special kind of imp, goblin, or poltergeist) and other spirits. Interviews elicited a detailed account of events, a demographic and socioeconomic description ofthe families, exploration of the psyhosocial antecedents, and a psychiatric evaluation of individual members of the group regared as key persons. Possible psychodynamic mechanisms are involved in the production of the phenomenon and factors in the successful 'therapeutic'interventions of spiritualist rather than psychiatric or religious healers. The interaction of culture , folk belief, and the brain impaired by lesion or faulty learning appears as the important accountable dimension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Cognitive performance in conversion hysteria.

In order to test some neurobiologically based assumptions pertaining to attention and memory dysfunction in conversion hysteria, a series of tasks was given to 17 hospitalized patients with hysterical conversion reaction and to a control group of nonpsychotic patients under conditions of nonstress and stress. The results indicated significant differences in performance between hysteria and control subjects. The former group, in comparison to controls, had heightened suggestibility, greater field dependency, and greater impairment of recent memory and vigilance-attention. A discriminant analysis indicated the feasibility of using such tests as objective diagnostic criteria for hysteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Time factor as a prognostic indicator on the Bender-Gestalt test.

Z-scores from Bender-Gestalt records of 62 psychiatric in- and outpatients were computed. The patients were put on active treatment, and a psychiatric rating was done to evaluate therapeutic recovery after a period of 19 to 24 months. These patients were grouped into three categories, i.e., patients with low Z-scores and good therapeutic recovery; patients with high Z-scores and poor therapeutic recovery; patients with low Z-scores who still showed poor response to treatment. Total time taken by each patient to reprduce the BG designs was noted as well. Results indicate that Z-score was a significant prognostic indicator for schizophrenics, affective psychotics, organic psychotics and patients who were suffering from anxiety and conversion reactions, but not for obsessive compulsive neurotics. Time taken for BG reproductions proved to be an important prognostic indicator, as patients who did not respond satisfactorily to the treatment took significantly more time than those who responded well to treatment. Hence, time taken by the patients for BG reproductions also needs to be considered when any predictions are made with regard to therapeutic outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

MMPI profile predictors for successful and expired open heart surgery patients.

A total of 31 patients (17 females, 14 males) who were scheduled for open heart surgery were administered an MMPI within 1 week prior to surgery. Of the 31 patients, 20 (13 females, 7 males) survived and 11 (4 females and 7 males) did not survive the operation. MMPI scale T-score comparisons were made within sex between survivors and nonsurvivors. Surviving and expired males did not differ on any MMPI scales, while expired females had much higher average scale 1 and 3 elevations than did their surviving counterparts (p less than .05). Subsequent comparisons of expired and surviving female patients with 1-3 profiles revealed that females with 1-3 profiles who expired had a higher average L scale T-score and a lower average scale 6 T-score (p less than .05). Cutting scores established to divide 1-3 female profiles into success and expired groups yielded two results: (1) an L scale T-score of 50 or above identified 100% of the expired females while it generated 40% false positives and no false negatives; and (2) a scale 6 T-score of 57 and below identified 100% of the expired females while it generated no false negatives and no false positives. These results are consistent with previous research and may be used to predict mortality for prospective female open heart surgery patients with implications for psychotherapeutic assistance prior to surgery to increase prospects for success.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1976

Sexual responsivity and ego defenses.

High- and low-sexual responders to a double-entendre word association test were found to differ in defensive preference on the Defense Mechanisms Inventory. Low responders preferred avoidant defenses (reversal and principalization), and high responders preferred approach defenses (turning against object and projection). Results also suggested a consistency of defensive orientation over different situations.

Affect↗
PubMed1977

A factorial study of personal development of unmarried mothers, college, alcoholic, and schizophrenic populations.

Reported the results of a factor analytic study of the Personal Development Study (PDS). The PDS was administered for research purposes to four diagnostic groups, which included 89 institutionalized alcoholics, 336 unmarried mothers, 159 college students, and 388 chronic schizophrenics. A principal component factor analysis with Varimax rotation performed on the combined populations (N = 972) yielded five main factors labeled as projection, optimism-responsibility, reaction and symptom formation, repressive-compulsive, and intropunitiveness-guilt. Analysis of base rates of responding to the individual items revealed that the four populations ranged along a continuum, with the normals at one extreme and the institutionalized schizophrenics at the other extreme of greater pathological responding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The factorial structure of personal development mechanisms in unmarried mothers, college, alcoholic, and schizophrenic populations.

The Personal Development Study (PDS) was administered to four diagnostic groups, which included 89 hospitalized alcoholics, 336 unmarried mothers, 159 college students, and 387 chronic institutionalized schizophrenics. The PDS data from the four groups were factor analyzed separately by Varimax rotation of principal component factors. Cluster analysis methods were used to compare the separate diagnostic group factors with the overall factors previously reported by Pishkin and Thorne (1977). Only a few close fits of the diagnostic group factors showed large differences in item composition, order of emergence of factors and size of loadings between groups. Because many items and factors could be interpreted in terms of several alternative theoretical systems, interpretations were based on the clinical meanings of items and clusters in terms of integration theory (Thorne, 1976).

Adolescent↗