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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Induced hyperosmolality effects on extracellular fluid volume, lymph flow and osmolar equilibrium: studies in the rat.

The effects of experimentally induced hyperosmolality has been studied in rats. Renal vascular pedicle ligation was performed on all animals to prevent renal clearance of the infused solute, xylose, and allow accurate ECF space determinations with 51Cr EDTA. Small volume hyperosmolar xylose infusions caused parallel elevation of the osmolality of thoracic duct lymph and arterial plasma. A positive correlation was obtained between lymph osmolality and flow alterations. The maximal osmolality elevation of 22 mosm X kg-1 H2O was associated with an intracellular fluid mobilisation which was equal to 7.1% of the ECF space. The infused and mobilised fluid volumes were distributed unequally between the intra and extra vascular compartments of the ECF.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Solute equilibrium over the extracellular fluid space in haemorrhagic hypotension: a study in a cannulated thoracic duct model.

Haemorrhagic hypotension, 50 mm Hg, has been inflicted on non-starved rats. Osmolar and solute developments have been followed in lymph and arterial plasma to assess diffusion and equilibration characteristics of the initial stages of haemorrhage. Lymph flow changes have reflected an intracellular fluid mobilization to the interstitium, caused by an osmotic gradient due to the elevated levels of glucose. A fluid homeostatic effect of pseudodiabetes associated with stress and haemorrhage is postulated.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Extracellular fluid compartment in patients with a varying course of acute myocardial infarct].

It is shown that the main trend of changes in water homeostasis in complicated myocardial infarction consists in the development of intercellular hypohydration. Three variants of cardiogenic shock are distinguished: (a) normovolemic shock with intercellular hypohydration; (b) hypovolemic shock with intercellular hypohydration; (c) hypovolemic shock without intercellular hypohydration. Acute congestive cardiac insufficiency in most patients occurs without an increase in the volume of interstitial fluid. Approximately 12% of these patients have a reduced volume of circulating plasma. A syndrome of intercellular hyperhydration develops in the presence of satisfactory hemodynamics on the 3rd day after electrical defibrilation in individuals restored to life after clinical death. The VCP/VIF coefficient may serve as an index of the transcapillary flow of fluid and may be used in determining the indications for infusion therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Cerebral water and electrolytes during changes in the osmolarity and volume of the extracellular fluid].

The increase of osmolarity in the blood serum after administration of polyethylenglycol-400 (PEG) as well as the sharp increase of the renal loss of fluid under the influence of furosemide insignificantly affected the water contents in the white and grey brain substance. A slight dehydration of the grey substance occured on combination of osmotic gradient effect and the renal loss of fluid. Preservation of initial hydration of the brain within the skull on administration of PEG and furosemide is due to redistribution of the fluid phases: dehydration of cells is followed by an increase in the volume of sodium-containing tissue fluid where upon the amount of sodium and calcium in the tissue practically does not change.

Animals↗