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PubMed1965

HOG CHOLERA. II. RELIABILITY OF THE AGAR DOUBLE DIFFUSION PRECIPITATION TEST FOR THE DIFFERENTIATION OF H.C. VIRUS FROM OTHER INFECTIOUS AGENTS IN SWINE TISSUE.

The specificity in the agar diffusion precipitation test of the reaction between the antigen of hog cholera virus diffusing from infected tissues and its homologous antibody was verified. Alternate freezing and thawing of infected tissues was found to give optimum release of the antigen from fresh tissue frozen for 18 hours. A study of the effect of the size and age of pigs upon the diffusion of the antigen from tissues showed that tissues from pigs of less than 250 lbs. gave good results provided the tissues were from animals showing gross clinical manifestations. Specimens from infected breeding sows and dead animals usually did not give a reaction.

Agar↗
PubMed1951

[Erythema].

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Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Erysipelas as a disease factor].

The infection with Erysipelas rhusiopathiae demonstrates that it is possible to characterize the significance of predisposing factors. The virulence of the agent is most important among the exogenous factors; it determines decisively the course of the disease: 1. paracute course as septicemia; 2. chronic course as polyarthritis; 3. subclinical course nearly without any symptoms. The immune status and the genotype of the host are predominant out of endogenous factors. The importance of immunity is known since a long time. A series of field observations supported the potential genetical influence in the pig. Within the hereditability an association to the MHC (in special genetic lines of rats to the RT 1 system of the MHC) was most recently determined in inbred laboratory animals. Additionally several environmental conditions, which can be summarized as stress, and as endogenous factor the age of the animals are relevant for the pathogenesis of the erysipelas infection. A non variable but most important disposition for special tissues are the so-called "borderline tissues", where accumulation, sedimentation and persistence of bacterial antigens are wellknown as described earlier. This phenomenon is determined by hemodynamic manifestation and quantifiably regulated by cytokines especially interleukin (IL 1) as well as by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha) and prostaglandin PgE2. Additionally the cross reactivity of antibodies of Erysipelas rhusiopathiae against most specific collagen of type II, IX and XI in the pig and in laboratory animals was elaborated. This autoimmune phenomenon called "immunologic mimicry" supports besides the special physiologic conditions as niche of defense a very successful evolutionary adaptation of the agent.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

[The pathogenesis of erysipelas arthritis].

Experimental chronic erysipelas polyarthritis in rat, induced by living erysipelas bacteria, histologically can be divided into four different phases. In the phase of population bacteria are distributed diffusely within the whole joint but accumulate in the transitional zones and entheses by multiplication within the ground substance of cartilage. In the phase of acute destruction a severe inflammation of all joint tissues predominates. Bacterial antigen is eliminated by a pannus tissue destroying the cartilaginous structures. In the following phase a diffuse dystrophy of articular cartilage dominates. The reason for this process is not clear; within the cartilage bacterial antigen can seldom be demonstrated, but it accumulates intracellularly in the periphery of the joints (e.g. dense connective tissue, muscles). In the chronic phase we find a lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the subsynovium, a lining cell hyperplasia, and pannus formation arising from the epiphyseal bone marrow cavity. The relation between chronic inflammation and destruction in the central and antigen persistence in the outer parts of the joints is a matter of current investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Acid-base status and antibody production in pigs immunized with a vaccine against erysipelas].

Studied was the correlation between the acid-alkaline status and the antibody production in pigs treated with the VR-2 vaccine against swine erysipelas. A progressive growth of the values of the B-system indices was established as early as the 24th hour in correlation with the higher HCO3 and CO2 values. The latter substantiated a new profile of the acid-alkaline state, which persisted up to the 10th day. The subsidiary increase in the concentration of HCO3 from the 10th to the 15th day as well as of pCO2 on the 15th day was associated with the highest percent and absolute number of B lymphocytes and 'AOK' at 10(6). This confirmed the presence of a gradual correlation between the indices of the acid-alkaline state and the B system.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1987

[Swine erysipelas: from yesterday to today].

The history of swine erysipelas in the Netherlands is reviewed, with special reference to the significance of vaccination and the views on epidemiology. The paper of D. A. de Jong Jzn. (1891) is discussed. The activities of the National Serum Institute in Rotterdam in this regard are discussed in detail. In conclusion, it is stated that vaccinations designed to prevent swine erysipelas are no longer required under conditions prevailing in the Netherlands.

Animals↗