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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Something new under the sun.

Ultraviolet radiation can exert adverse acute and chronic effects on many ocular tissues, including the lens. Chronic exposure to ultraviolet B wavelengths has been linked to cortical cataracts, and posterior subcapsular cataracts have likewise been associated with the chronic effects of ultraviolet radiation. Aphakic patients require protection from the injurious effects of ultraviolet radiation, and clinicians must be familiar with the transmittance guidelines for ultraviolet-protective eyewear and prescribe lenses that absorb injurious wavelengths.

Cataract↗
PubMed1991

Corneal foreign body removal and treatment.

Corneal foreign bodies are a frequent source of ocular trauma. Patients presenting with corneal foreign bodies deserve careful evaluation to determine the degree of injury. This article reviews the instrumentation and procedures used for removal of corneal foreign bodies and rust rings, as well as appropriate follow-up care. Optometrists, as primary eye care providers, should be comfortable with the treatment and management of this common corneal injury.

Corneal Injuries↗
PubMed1991

UV-A absorbing characteristics of commercial sunglasses intended for recreational and general use.

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known to cause photokeratitis with acute symptoms. It also has been demonstrated that UVR has the potential to accelerate human cataractogenesis. For certain recreational pursuits, protection from specific UVR wavebands is important to the prescriber, the dispenser, and the patient or consumer of sunglasses. By knowing the ultraviolet absorbance characteristics of lens materials, practitioners would be able to advise their patients. In this study, the UV-A spectra of pairs of sunglasses purchased anonymously were measured. The results indicate that manufacturers' claims of UVR protection, or absorbance, are valid with respect to the UV-A waveband. No association between UV-A absorbance and lens material or cost was established.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patients' perceptions related to the use of infection control procedures.

An assessment was made of the public's attitudes toward infection control techniques utilized in dentistry. Five hundred and nine adults in the State of Maryland responded to a detailed telephone survey in late 1989. Respondents reported that most of their dentists (87.0%) wore gloves and 69.8% of the respondents preferred gloves. Respondents who were most concerned about AIDS also preferred the dentist to wear gloves (92.6%). Respondents received information about AIDS from various sources, chief of which were newspapers or magazines (29.0%) and television (27.3%) but 80.9% would read pamphlets on AIDS if they were available in the dentist's office. Finally, few (13.1%) had ever discussed AIDS with their dentist but most (78.6%) would be comfortable doing so. This study demonstrated that the public accepts and welcomes the use of barrier protection by dentists. The public also is willing to discuss AIDS and infectious diseases with dentists and would read AIDS information supplied by dentists. Given the continued spread of the AIDS epidemic, it is increasingly important for dentists to educate the public about AIDS as well as about the continued safety of the dental office. The public is receptive to this education.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[Insufficient protection against infection with HIV in general and orthopedic surgeons].

In a study of the content of occupational health care for hospital workers we carried out a separate study to measure the professional protection used to prevent contamination with HIV or hepatitis B virus. Therefore we carried out a study among Dutch general and orthopaedic surgeons. A questionnaire was sent to a representative sample of this population. The conclusions are that the respondents are relatively poorly informed about HIV and (or) hepatitis risks. A relatively small part of the respondents used protecting instruments; 40 (operating rooms) and 83% (emergency departments) of the respondents did not use safety glasses. The availability of protecting instruments is higher in operating rooms than in emergency departments, but this availability does not imply use of these instruments. The information on occupational contamination risks, the individual safety measures and the quality of the safety glasses are subject to criticism.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Contact thermal burns of the cornea.

The records of 59 patients (66 eyes) with contact thermal burns of the cornea (unilateral in 52 cases and bilateral in 7) were reviewed to determine the causes, clinical presentation, management and complications of such injuries. Most of the injuries (90%) occurred at home. The commonest cause was splashing of boiling fluids (42% of cases), followed by contact with red-hot firecracker particles (18%) and lit match heads (17%). In 59 eyes (89%) the burn was limited to the corneal epithelium, in 5 (8%) the superficial stroma was also involved, and in 2 (3%) there was associated corneal perforation caused by mechanical impact of foreign bodies. Débridement of the coagulated epithelium with patching was the most successful treatment, healing 48 (73%) of the eyes. Postburn complications were rare, the most common being development of inferior symblepharon, in three eyes (4%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A disposable 8-mm "corneal cap" to reduce surgical light exposure.

I have devised an easily-fashioned disposable "corneal cap" that reduces light exposure to the retina from the operating microscope. The 8-mm plastic cap is the cut end of the test chamber included in all packages of disposable handpieces and tubing for automated irrigation and aspiration instruments.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1991

Incidence and prevention of conjunctival contamination with blood during hazardous surgical procedures.

The incidence and risks of conjunctival contamination with patients' blood during a range of otolaryngological surgical procedures was assessed. Risks were found to be highest in three groups of procedures; tracheostomy, operations preceded by local anaesthetic injections and procedures involving the use of the air drill. A simple and effective method of protection using spectacles with large plain lenses is presented.

Blood↗
PubMed1991

Eye protection for the surgeon.

The surgeon today is obliged to operate on an increasing number of patients who are classed as high risk. A study is presented which examines the extent of potential corneal contamination with blood or tissue fluids, during common orthopaedic operations. In all, 65% of goggles worn by surgeons during the study were contaminated. The greatest risk was associated with operations around the hip joint, which are among the commonest orthopaedic procedures. Increased contamination was associated with the use of power tools and irrigation. The contamination rate of the protective flaps at the side of the goggles was relatively low (5%) suggesting that ordinary spectacles, which are more convenient and comfortable than the standard issue goggles, would provide adequate protection during routine use.

Eye Protective Devices↗
PubMed1991

Visual acuity of the U.S. Navy jet pilot and the use of the helmet sun visor.

Visor wear habits, evaluative comments and vision test data were obtained from interviews of 126 Navy fighter pilots. The interviews revealed that many pilots use their helmet sun visor whenever they fly, some use it only during certain flight operations, and others never use it. Study 1 (conducted at 343 cd/m2) revealed a decrease in low contrast visual acuity attributable to helmet sun visor use in the presence of a glare source. These findings prompted a second study of the visual effects of visor transmittance. Low-contrast spot detection, acuity, and contrast sensitivity were measured at an operationally realistic daytime illumination level (6870 cd/m2) in subjects viewing through filters ranging from 6.3% to 50.1% transmission. (Standard visor transmission is 12 +/- 4%.) Results showed that filter density, and consequently the illuminance reaching the eyes, could be varied over a wide range without critically affecting these visual functions. Prevailing environmental illuminance should be considered when selecting sun visors or sunglasses. These results have implications for optimizing visual performance through visors.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Protection of the human skin and eyes against solar UV-radiation].

Methods of skin and eye protection from solar UV-radiation are described. Data concerning UV-ray absorption by different types of clothing as well as various ointments, including new agents, are presented. When considering possibilities of eye protection from UV-radiation, characteristics of different filters are discussed, Soviet-made sun-glasses are listed, and eye protection drugs are indicated. In this context, approaches to eye protection of pilots and cosmonauts are outlined.

Eye↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of eye shielding block position on dose to lens during radiation therapy].

The lens of the eye is very sensitive to radiation and a low dose of radiation may induce cataracts a few years after radiation therapy. In treatment of head and neck tumors, such as cancer of the ethmoid or maxillary sinus, an adequate eye shielding block is mandatory for reducing the lens dose in order to prevent cataract formation. Experiments were designed to simulate the setup of the lens during radiation therapy and it was observed that the dose to the lens was correlated with the distance between the eye shielding block and the eye surface for Co-60, 10MV and 6MV X-rays. With properly fabricated divergent blocks, the optimal shielding points were found to be 6 cm, 0.9 cm and 1.4 cm above the eye surface for Co-60, 10MV and 6MV X-rays, respectively. In a 10 x 10 cm2 field, by moving the eye shielding block on the blocking tray to the optimal shielding point near the surface, the dose to the lens can be reduced from 14% to 8% for Co-60 beams and from 17% to 7% for 10MV and 6MV X-rays. This effect is more evident in larger field sizes. We recommend that the eye shielding block be placed at the optimal shielding point to minimize the dose to the lens. If the eye shielding block cannot be placed at the optimal shielding point, a simple coin placed on the eye lid surface will also reduce the lens dose substantially when a regular eye shielding block is placed on the blocking tray (Lin's coin effect).

Cataract↗
PubMed1990

[Conjunctival contamination in orthopedic surgery].

Operating theatres expose health workers to close contact with body fluids and thus to the risk of contracting blood-borne infections. The conjunctiva of the eye offers a portal of entry for infection; an abrasive mixture of bone, marrow and blood propelled at high speed by power tools and reamers could damage any epithelial surface. 100 consecutive operations were studied and contaminating particles were counted on the glasses lens. 67% out of 100 times the surgeon's and the assistant's glasses were contaminated. Orthopaedic surgeons work in a high-risk environment and should protect themselves against possible contamination of the conjunctiva by wearing glasses with broad lens.

Conjunctiva↗