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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Superovulation of Holstein heifers by a single subcutaneous injection of FSH dissolved in polyvinylpyrrolidone.

This study was undertaken to determine whether a single injection of porcine FSH (pFSH) would induce a superovulatory response in cattle. Holstein heifers were given a single injection of pFSH (30 mg, s.c.) dissolved in saline (Group 1, n = 5); 50% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; Group 2, n = 5); or 25% PVP (Group 3, n = 4). Group-4 heifers (n = 5) were given multiple intramuscular injections of pFSH every 12 h for 3 d at decreasing doses, for a total of 30 mg. All animals received a single injection of 750 microg PGF2 alpha 48 h after the initiation of pFSH treatment. Animals exhibiting estrus were artificially inseminated twice throughout estrus. Ova and embryos were recovered nonsurgically. Ovaries were examined by transrectal ultrasonography or by palpation per rectum on Day 7 or 8 of estrus. Plasma concentrations of pFSH, bovine FSH progesterone, estradiol-17 beta and inhibin were determined by specific radioimmunoassays. The number of corpora lutea (CL) and the numbers of total and transferable embryos which were detected and recovered in Groups 2 and 3 were equivalent to the numbers detected and recovered in Group 4. In Group 1, however, only 1 of 5 animals ovulated even a single oocyte. The present study demonstrated that only a single injection of pFSH dissolved in PVP was capable of inducing a superovulatory response by maintaining a high plasma FSH concentration to allow for the recovery of a sufficient number of embryos for transplantation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Enhanced calmodulin binding concurrent with increased kinase-dependent phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins following a single subcutaneous injection of diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate in hens.

Diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) produces Type I organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) in adult female chickens. We have proposed that calcium/calmodulin protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) plays a role in the development of OPIDN by increasing the phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins. We investigated in vivo the effects of treatment of DFP on CaM kinase II-dependent phosphorylation. In isolated brain supernatants from DFP-treated hens, calmodulin binding increased concurrent with increases in CaM kinase II-dependent autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of cytoskeleton proteins. There were no changes in the relative amounts of the enzyme based on immunobinding studies of antibodies to the CaM kinase II. In the absence of any exogenously added substrate. CaM kinase II and microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP-2) exhibited substantially increased phosphorylation, 833 and 275%, respectively, over brain supernatants from untreated hens. Moreover, isolated brain supernatants from treated hens with exogenously added cytoskeletal proteins and myelin basic protein (MBP) exhibited significant increases in phosphorylation over control, 233, 332 and 60%, for MAP-2, tubulin, and MBP, respectively. 125I-Calmodulin binding studies revealed a 136% increase in calmodulin binding to CaM kinase II in treated hens when compared to control groups. The data suggest that in vivo DFP treatment increases the percentage of unphosphorylated, active CaM kinase II resulting in increased calmodulin binding and subsequent enhanced phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins that leads to their aggregation and the production of axonal degeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

iNOs expression is stimulated by the major surface protein (rWSP) from Wolbachia bacterial endosymbiont of Dirofilaria immitis following subcutaneous injection in mice.

The bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia of several species of filarial nematodes plays an important role in the inflammatory pathology of filariasis. Nitric oxide (NO) production has also been implicated in the immune response during filarial infections. Here we present data indicating that a recombinant Wolbachia surface protein (rWSP) induces iNOs mRNA expression and NO production, as well as IFN-gamma and a Th1-type antibody response, in inoculated BALB/c mice. This effect is not observed when mice are inoculated with a recombinant heat shock protein from Wolbachia (GroEL).

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Secretion of radioactively labeled amino acids into the digestive tract. I. Report 14C labeling of the pancreas after subcutaneous injection of 14C-leucine in rats].

4 different groups of experimental animals (rats) were injected 14C leucine at 4 different levels of specific 14C activity. Groups A and B received a dosis of leucine corresponding to the daily leucine requirements of the animals. The specific 14C activity was high in group A and low in group B. Groups C and D were injected a leucine dosis at a level of 10% from the groups A and B. the specific 14C activity being again high (group C) or low (group D). The results showed that a true evalution of the experiment could lnly be achieved if the values were related to the true rate of labeling (DPM/mg N or specific 14C leucine activity). The "percentage of the injected dosis" proved to be unsuitable for the analysis of the experimental results when taken as reference frame. The levels of specific 14leucine activity in free plasma leucine were in the same order as the specific activities of the injected solutions (C greater than A greater than D greater than B) whereas the order of specific 14C leucine activities in the TCE-soluble fraction of the pancreatic gland (TCE-trichloroacetic acid) was found to be A greater than C greater than B greater than D. This was due to the higher rate of 14C-leucine transfer into the protein fraction in the animals of group C and D receiving a normal supply of leucine. In these groups an equilibrium in specific 14C-leucine activity between the TCE-soluble and TCE-precipitable fractions was achieved 20-30 mins after injection. A relatively high degree of labelling of the pancreatic protein was noted as early as about 2 minutes after the injection of 14C-leucine. This indicates that in studies on amino acid absorption the secretion of those amino acids that are first absorbed and then resecreted via the pancreatic gland should always be taken into account.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1994

Antral follicle development and in-vitro maturation of oocytes from macaques stimulated with a single subcutaneous injection of pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin.

A single s.c. injection of 1000 IU of pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) stimulates the growth of multiple antral follicles in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The number of cumulus-enclosed oocytes (CEO) from six non-stimulated controls was 36 (mean = 6). In contrast, a total of 95 CEO (mean = 31.7) were recovered from three animals stimulated and ovariectomized 3 days later, while 385 CEO (mean = 128.3) were obtained from three animals stimulated and ovariectomized 4 days later. A comparison of the effects of highly purified human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), human luteinizing hormone (LH) and human thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on cultures of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) CEO cultured in medium 199 for 48 h showed that FSH and LH stimulated cumulus expansion but had moderate effects on the progression of meiosis. The progression that did occur seldom proceeded beyond the metaphase I stage. Human TSH had no demonstrable effect on cumulus expansion and meiotic progression. In other experiments FSH, LH and oestradiol-17 beta were added jointly to medium CMRL 1066 in which CEO from non-PMSG-stimulated and PMSG-stimulated cynomolgus monkeys were cultured for 48 h. If the CEO were obtained from non-PMSG-stimulated monkeys the hormones caused a significant cumulus expansion, but had only a limited effect on meiotic progression. However, if the CEO were obtained from PMSG-stimulated monkeys there was a significant stimulation of cumulus expansion and meiotic progression. The hormone treatment resulted in a yield of 72.8% metaphase II oocytes compared with 40.9% in the controls.

Animals↗