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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Treatment of acrophobia of an institutionalized adult with mental retardation.

Treatment of an institutionalized 34-year-old female with mental retardation (who may have been psychotic) for acrophobia was described. Prior to therapy her phobia had precluded her placement in an upper-level ward. Assessment and therapy took place over 6 weeks and involved 13 sessions, totalling 15 hours of graduated exposure. A further 10 hours of therapy were undertaken 7 months later due to the demands of her new setting. Eighteen-month follow-up indicated that all gains had been maintained. Unprogrammed generalization was limited.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Progression of scoliosis after skeletal maturity in institutionalized adults who have cerebral palsy.

To study the natural history of scoliosis in institutionalized adults who have cerebral palsy, we reviewed retrospectively the cases of fifty-one patients. The patients were followed for at least four years (mean, 16.3 years; range, four to forty years) after they had reached skeletal maturity. The individuals in whom the curve eventually progressed the most had had the largest curves at the time of skeletal maturity. The rate of progression was 0.8 degree each year in the patients in whom the curve was less than 50 degrees at the time of skeletal maturity and 1.4 degrees in those in whom the curve was more than 50 degrees (p less than 0.04). The patients who had the largest curves at the time of skeletal maturity had spastic quadriplegia and either a thoracolumbar or a lumbar curve, and they were bedridden.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1986

Abuse-provoking characteristics of institutionalized mentally retarded individuals.

Abuse-provoking characteristics of institutionalized mentally retarded individuals were examined. A group of 80 abused retarded clients in a residential setting were compared to a group of 80 nonabused clients. The two groups were compared on IQs, social quotients, presence of physical disabilities, aggressive behavior, ability to communicate verbally, presence of self-injurious behavior, ability to ambulate, sex, and age. Six of these characteristics (social quotient, aggression, verbal ability, age, self-injurious behavior, and ambulation) were significant in differentiating the abused from nonabused retarded individuals. A discriminant function was developed to help identify those clients who may be at risk of being abused.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The hijras of India: cultural and individual dimensions of an institutionalized third gender role.

The hijra (eunuch/transvestite) is an institutionalized third gender role in India. Hijra are neither male nor female, but contain elements of both. As devotees of the Mother Goddess Bahuchara Mata, their sacred powers are contingent upon their sexuality. In reality, however, many hijras are prostitutes. This sexual activity undermines their culturally valued sacred role. This paper discusses religious meanings of the hijra role, as well as the ways in which individuals and the community deal with the conflicts engendered by their sexual activity.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Effects of repeated testing on the reliability of fitness scores of institutionalized mentally retarded individuals.

This study was designed to determine the effects of repeated trials on the reliability of physical fitness performance scores of 36, 12- to 20-year-old institutionalized mentally retarded children. They were tested 2 days a week for 5 consecutive weeks on the physical fitness criterion tests. The statistical analysis indicated no significant differences between trial scores on any variable over the 5 weeks. This lack of significance on all the physical fitness criterion tests suggests that administering all the trials on each item on one occasion is appropriate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Social integrations related to institutionalized and noninstitutionalized forms of care of elderly people].

This is a report about a research project analyzing costs and effectiveness of institutionalized and ambulatory care of older people. For this analysis economic factors as well as social factors are considered. On the sociological part multiple objective conditions (e.g. state health, financial situation and family relations) were correlated with subjective factors as feelings of well-being and various personal attitudes. To this purpose approximately 900 elderly persons (3 samples: 1. inhabitants of homes of the aged, 2. ambulant served (meals on wheels, home help and community nurses), 3. random sample of persons living at their own home. The 3 samples were taken in an urban, semiurban and rural area. Some remarkable differences between the 3 samples could be shown referring to the general physical and mental status and rate of impairment, in the state of care, familiar situation, social integration and subjective attitude (e.g. demonstrating that the inhabitants of homes for the aged were less socially integrated and less satisfied.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Thyrotoxicosis in institutionalized elderly patients with atrial fibrillation.

We hypothesized that hyperthyroidism would be an infrequent cause of atrial fibrillation in older persons because atherosclerotic, hypertensive, and degenerative heart disorders are more prevalent with aging. We determined the cardiac rhythm and thyroid status of 316 patients older than 65 years of age residing in a nursing home. One (11%) of the nine elderly men and five (31%) of the 16 women with atrial fibrillation had laboratory evidence or a history of hyperthyroidism. The elderly patients with cardiac rhythms other than atrial fibrillation (n = 291) had only a 1.7% prevalence of hyperthyroidism. The analysis for elderly women demonstrated a statistically significant association between atrial fibrillation and hyperthyroidism, but the association was not statistically significant for men. These findings indicate that hyperthyroidism is common in institutionalized elderly women with atrial fibrillation.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Effect of increased space on the social behavior of institutionalized profoundly retarded male adults.

The social behavior of a group of institutionalized profoundly mentally retarded male adults was observed under conditions of increased space. The findings demonstrated that an increase in space of 29 percent significantly reduced the frequency of aggressive acts occurring within the group. Also observed was the effect of increased space on the residents' mobility and nonaggressive interactions. Results were discussed in relation to the residents' need for space.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Determinants of diurnal bladder control with institutionalized mentally retarded individuals.

The level of diurnal bladder control of 209 persons from two residential facilities for mentally retarded individuals was investigated. Seven independent variables pertaining to individual and environmental characteristics were related to the level of bladder control. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the level of bladder control was related to the size of the residents' living groups as well as their accessibility to the toilet facility. Several post hoc statistical tests indicated differences between female and male and older and younger residents on variables such as size of living group, age of admission, and access to ward's toilet facility. Results were discussed in terms of their use for toilet-training efforts and providers of services to institutionalized retarded persons.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1981

Effects of psychotropic drugs on intelligence test performance of institutionalized mentally retarded adults.

Twenty-four institutionalized mentally retarded persons received intelligence tests under both standard and reinforcement conditions while on and off psychotropic medication. Medications included chlorpromazine (Thorazine), thioridazine (Mellaril), haloperidol (Haldol), mesoridazine (Serentil), and lithium carbonate (Lithane). Results showed that when on medication there were no differences between IQs obtained under standard and reinforcement conditions. When off medication there were significant increases in scores obtained under both standard and reinforcement conditions. The increase in scores under the reinforcement condition was 23 points greater than the increase obtained under the standard condition (increases of 30.2 and 6.9 points, respectively). Results were discussed in terms of the sensitivity--insensitivity of intelligence test scores to medication effects, medications impairing responding to external reinforcement contingencies, and legal implications.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Determinants of community placement of institutionalized mentally retarded persons.

A systematic examination of the decision process used when deinstitutionalizing mentally retarded persons was undertaken to determine what criteria, if any, institutional review teams employed when making placement recommendations. A multivariate analysis of variance and a discriminant analysis revealed that demographic and Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS) measures varied significantly with placement recommendations for skill development homes, group homes, small intermediate facilities, and large intermediate facilities. In general, higher functioning residents were placed in less restrictive settings. Specific differences among residents placed in skill development homes and group homes were examined. Implications for preparing institutionalized residents for community placement were drawn and directions for future research outlined.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

Chronic illness in non-institutionalized persons. Part I. Prevalence and epidemiology.

A survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence and epidemiology of chronic illness in non-institutionalized persons residing in the Municipality of Cape Town. The Black, Coloured and White communities were independently surveyed and the standardized prevalence proportions of chronic illness were 24,7/1 000, 37,4/1 000 and 11,6/1 000 respectively. The epidemiological parameters investigated included age, sex, marital status, income, education occupation and the associated diseases, and the influence of these factors on the prevalence proportions are considered. Methodological problems of chronic illness surveys are discussed.

Accidents↗
PubMed1978

Chronic illness in non-institutionalized persons. Part II. Who cares?

A survey was conducted to evaluate the care being received by non-institutionalized chronically ill persons in the Black, Coloured and White communities residing in the Municipality of Cape Town. Of the chronically ill persons identified, 170 (71%) of the Blacks, 188 (62%) of the Coloureds and 43 (86%) of the Whites were receiving care at the time of the survey, and the type, location and duration of this care are outlined. Only 26% of the chronically ill persons were considered to be receiving optimal care, and new recommendations for care were made for 201 (84%) of the Blacks, 203 (67%) of the Coloureds and 36 (72%) of the Whites. Of the patients for whom new recommendations were made, 37% were not currently receiving any care. The financial and occupational repercussions of chronic illness are considered, and methods of improving the comprehensive care of chronically ill persons are discussed.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1982

Long-term usefulness of thioridazine for institutionalized mentally retarded patients.

Thioridazine (Mellaril) medication was discontinued for 4 to 5 weeks for 106 institutionalized mentally retarded patients after an extended period of previous drug treatment. Time-sampling of behavior while patients were receiving medication and while receiving placebo showed a significant increase in self-stimulation and active negative behavior and decreased work and life skills while receiving placebo. Although most patients' behavior was better while on active medication, some showed significant improvement when medication was temporarily discontinued. Favorable long-term progress among those who had medication restored was greater for patients whose behavior had worsened to the greatest degree during the placebo trial.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

[Survey of activities of daily living in non-institutionalized elderly residents].

To investigate the states of activities of daily living (ADLs) in the elderly, non-institutionalized residents-aged 65 and over living in Azuchi (population of approximately 12,000) were interviewed. Data was collected from 1,287 subjects (509 men and 778 women; 92.1%) for the 3 years, 1990 to 1992. Differences in difficulties with the 6 basic ADLs (BADLs) and the 7 instrumental ADLs (IADLs) were analyzed according to gender and age. For the BADLs (eating, dressing, bathing, using the toilet, mobility, and incontinence), only the percentage of incontinence was significantly higher in women than in men (p < 0.01). The percentage of those fully independent in the 6 BADLs in men was 87%, which was higher than that in women (77%), but except for incontinence there were no significant differences between the sexes. The percentages of disability in the BADLs for women and for both sexes combined were higher according to age (p < 0.01), but for men, only those of dressing (p < 0.05) and of incontinence (p < 0.01) were related with age. The disability percentage for cooking was the only activity among the IADLs (cooking, using the telephone, cleaning house, walking, shopping, going up and down steps, and using transportation) which was significantly higher in men (p < 0.01), but those for walking, going up and down steps, and using transportation were higher in women (p < 0.01). The percentage of those who were fully independent was 74% in both sexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1993

[Physical fitness associated with falls in the institutionalized elderly].

This study was conducted to mainly investigate physical functions such as Tinetti balance and gait evaluation, the right and left sides of the grips and legs strength, the time of length standing on leg, postural sway in standing, and also to clarify the case of falls in the institutionalized elderly. Subjects at the Hakuji Home for elderly in Ibaraki prefecture were examined. The subjects (n = 45) were classified into two groups: the higher ability of the activities of daily living (ADL) scales (n = 22) and the lower ability of ADL scales (n = 23). They were compared in a history of degrees of falls in the institution. The main results obtained were as follows: 1) The score of Tinetti balance and gait evaluation were significantly lower among elderly having a history of falls in the lower ability of ADL (p < 0.05). 2) The grips and legs strength were lower among all subjects expect the lower ability group of ADL scales whom rightside limbs strength was high. 3) The time length of standing on leg was shorter among elderly having a history of falls. Results of this study showed that while not statistically significant. Postual sway was more prominent among elderly having a history of falls than those without. In more cases, dementia was the cause of falls among elderly. It was suggested that nursing intervention was very important to prevent falls among the elderly of cognitive impairment in the institution for the elderly.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1994

Oral health of institutionalized individuals with mental retardation.

A random 10% (n = 702) of the residents of the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation (TXMHMR) institutions were given dental examinations by the first author. Findings were compared with results from a similar survey of 1,077 residents by the same investigator 9 years earlier. Data were analyzed for oral pathology, unmet dental needs, contribution of dental care to habilitation, and effectiveness of the dental service system. Some improvements were found in dental condition, although the results were sometimes difficult to interpret. Some differences may be related to changes in client age and average length of stay and to a shift toward institutionalization of individuals with more severe disabilities. Other differences appear to be the result of better dental care in state institutions.

Adolescent↗