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PubMed1991

Serum hepatitis B virus DNA in hepatitis B virus seropositive and seronegative patients with normal liver function.

The presence of hepatitis type B virus (HBV) DNA in serum specimens from 926 apparently healthy people with normal liver functions was determined by polymerase chain reaction; 41.2% of people with positive results for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) (94 of 228) and 95.2% of people with positive results for HBV e antigen (HBeAg) (60 of 63) were found to have positive results for serum HBV DNA. On the other hand, serum HBV DNA was found in 11.0% (77 of 698) of HBsAg-negative people and in 13% (69 of 530) of those who had positive results for serum antibodies directed against HBsAg. The results seem to suggest that HBV DNA can be found in a significant portion of apparently healthy people with normal liver function who are either seronegative for HBsAg or seropositive for antibodies directed against HBsAg.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Thymus influences liver functions through hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis in rats.

The aim of the review is to summarize our recent studies on the influence of the thymus on liver functions and its intermediary pathway in rats. Young adult thymectomized rats were used as a model in the experiments, and either thymic peptides or sex hormones were supplemented to these animals. Liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and aminopyrine-N-demethylase (ADM) activities were decreased in thymectomized rats, and the change in the male was more significant than that in female rats. An increase of liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and a decrease of liver glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase activity were observed in the female thymectomized rats, but not in the males. Accompanied by the increase of MDA, a decline of membrane fluidity of liver microsomes and mitochondria and a decrease of Ca2+ uptake by liver microsomes were exhibited in the female thymectomized rats. Subcutaneous injection of thymic peptides decreased MDA level, and increased GSH content, membrane fluidity and Ca2+ uptake by microsomes in the liver of thymectomized rats. On the other hand, male thymectomized rats showed a decrease of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone levels. Subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate to these animals restored their liver P-450 and ADM activities to normal levels. Female thymectomized rats exhibited a decline of hypothalamic LHRH and plasma estradiol levels. Supplementation of estradiol benzoate reversed the increase of liver MDA in these animals. The data suggest that the thymus may influence liver functions through the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis. Thus, a new "thymus-neuroendocrine-liver pathway' is proposed, which may account for the significance of the thymus in maintaining homeostasis and integrative functions in the body.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Severe thrombocytopenia, hemolysis and liver function disorder in late pregnancy. HELLP syndrome].

A 27-year-old gravida 2 was hospitalized in the 37th week of pregnancy because of nausea, vomiting and upper abdominal pain. She had severe thrombocytopenia (600/microliter), haemolysis and markedly abnormal liver functions (bilirubin 7.4 mg/dl, GOT 512, GPT 650 and LDH 1772 U/l), indicating a probably immunologically induced syndrome (HELLP) of late pregnancy. After platelet infusion and antithrombin III substitution a slightly growth-retarded girl was delivered without complications by section because of threatened intrauterine asphyxia while the cervix was undilated. The maternal platelet count and the liver functions quickly returned to normal post-partum.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Measurement of urinary thiamine propyl disulfide metabolites as an index of liver function.

Thiamine propyl disulfide (TPD) was orally administered in patients with liver disease to measure the main metabolite, 2-hydroxypropyl methyl sulfone (2HPMS), in urine, for the test of liver function. The amount of urinary excretion of 2HPMS decreased in proportion to the degree of severity of liver disease, with intimate correlation with various tests reflecting hepatic reserve function (p less than 0.01). Phenobarbital (PB), one of the inducers of hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes scarcely influenced the results of this test. In patients with ordinary liver disease without remarkable disturbance of intestinal absorption and renal excretory function, this method appears to be clinically applicable.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1985

Liver function in drug addicts: hepatitis B markers and cell-mediated immunity.

Liver function tests, hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers and cell-mediated immunity were evaluated in 100 drug addicts and in 54 healthy controls. Liver damage prevalence was much higher in the drug group, both in HBV marker-positive and in marker-negative subjects. Moreover HBV marker distribution was different among addicts in comparison with controls, in which the patterns of infection overcoming were more frequent. Cell-mediated immunity assessment showed a deep depression in the addict group. These data suggest that liver damage in addicts may be due mainly to the immunologic defect, which would have a negative influence on the action of HBV and of other viral and non-viral agents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Lovastatin decreases mortality and improves liver functions in fulminant hepatic failure from 90% partial hepatectomy in rats.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Liver insufficiency occurs when the liver cannot perform critical functions such as ammonia metabolism, gluconeogenesis, or production of coagulation factors The hypothesis of this study was that decreased function of existing hepatocytes may contribute to hepatic failure, and that the function of these cells might be increased pharmacologically. Lovastatin is a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitor that inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis and affects the activity of some signal transduction pathways and liver transcription factors. Changes in hepatic transcription factors during liver regeneration might result in decreased liver functions, and lovastatin might prevent these changes METHODS: Rats received 90% partial hepatectomy (90% PH), and either lovastatin or vehicle alone daily. Survival and liver functions were assessed. RESULTS: Lovastatin increased survival to 58% (vs. 6% in controls that received 90% PH without drug), decreased the peak ammonia level to 427 microM (vs. 846 microM in controls), increased the nadir of glucose to 88 mg/dl (vs. 57 mg/dl in controls), decreased the peak prothrombin time to 23 s (vs 29 s in controls), and decreased the peak activated partial thromboplastin time to 29 s (vs. 39 s in controls). The full survival and metabolic benefits were observed when lovastatin was started at 30 min after 90% PH, but lovastatin was less efficacious when started at later times. CONCLUSIONS: Lovastatin increases the function of existing hepatocytes and might be used to improve liver function after extensive hepatic resection.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1998

Impact of distal aortic and visceral perfusion on liver function during thoracoabdominal and descending thoracic aortic repair.

PURPOSE: We examined the impact of distal aortic and visceral perfusion on liver function during thoracoabdominal and descending thoracic aortic repair. METHODS: Between January 1991 and July 1996, 367 patients underwent thoracoabdominal and descending thoracic aortic repair. Baseline and postoperative total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) were measured for 286 patients. We examined the impact of distal aortic and direct visceral perfusion on liver function-related clinical laboratory values. Univariate and multivariate statistical methods for categorical and continuous variables were used. RESULTS: In categorical analysis, type II thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm, history of hepatitis, and emergency presentation had a statistically significant multivariate association with abnormal laboratory values. In continuous-distributed multivariate data analysis, type II thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm and visceral perfusion were statistically significant predictors of postoperative alkaline phosphatase, PT, and PTT. Type II aneurysms increased postoperative liver function-related laboratory values significantly above other aneurysm types (alkaline phosphatase, +114 IU, p < 0.0001; PT, +1.99 seconds, p < 0.02; PTT, +6.7 seconds, p < 0.03). Visceral perfusion was associated with a concomitant decrease (alkaline phosphatase, -101.2 IU, p < 0.0001; PT, -1.8 seconds, p < 0.07; PTT, -5.6 seconds, p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Visceral perfusion negates the rise in postoperative liver function-related clinical laboratory values associated with type II thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2006

Prognostic value of quantitative liver function tests in viral cirrhosis: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Widespread application of quantitative liver function tests as a prognostic tool is controversial. In this study we assessed the predictivity of serial evaluations of galactose elimination capacity (GEC) and the monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) test on survival in viral cirrhosis, and secondarily we compared these tests with Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) and Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores. METHODS: In a cohort of 35 patients with viral cirrhosis, GEC and MEGX were evaluated every 6 months for 24 months and compared with CTP and MELD scores at the same time intervals. The end points were patient death or liver transplantation. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between dead/transplanted patients and survivors were found for basal values of GEC, MEGX, CTP and MELD. Receiver-operating characteristics curves of CTP and MELD scores showed a higher prognostic accuracy than GEC and MEGX. On multivariate analysis, neither GEC nor MEGX were independent predictors of survival. Repeated-measures analysis of GEC and MEGX did not increase the prognostic accuracy of these tests and did not add useful prognostic information on patient outcome during the following 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that neither single nor repeated determinations of GEC and MEGX are superior to CTP and MELD scores in predicting prognosis of patients with viral cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Assessment of metabolic liver function and hepatic blood flow during cardiopulmonary bypass.

A modified monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) test was performed in 14 patients undergoing myocardial revascularization to evaluate liver function during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). MEGX is the principal metabolite of lidocaine. Different studies have shown a decrease in MEGX formation in patients with impaired liver function. Following a low-dose bolus application of 0.3 mg/kgBW lidocaine MEGX concentrations were measured in five-minute intervals for half an hour. This was done once before and once during CPB. Arterial and hepatic vein blood samples were obtained in order to avoid the effects of hemodilution by CPB priming. Hepatic blood was calculated using the indocyanine green (ICG) infusion extraction technique. MEGX formation during CPB decreased. After the 10 and 15 minutes measurement points the mean arterio-hepatic venous concentrations were 61 +/- 7.2 micrograms/L and 63 +/- 7.3 micrograms/L respectively in comparison to pre-CPB values of 36 +/- 5.8 micrograms/L and 42 +/- 5.1 micrograms/L. Hepatic blood flow increased insignificantly from a mean of 835 +/- 54 ml/min prior to CPB to 913 +/- 83 ml/min during CPB. As a result the MEGX clearance calculated 15 minutes after administration of lidocaine bolus application did not differ significantly before (51.2 +/- 6.4 micrograms/min) and during CPB (40.2 +/- 5.7 micrograms/min). In conclusion, a decrease in MEGX formation was found during CPB. However, due to increased hepatic blood flow there was no significant change in MEGX clearance before and during CPB.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Biochemical effect of steroid anaesthesia on some liver function tests in goat.

Saffan, as a type of steroid anaesthetic, was tested to demonstrate the effect of its administration on liver function in goat. For this purpose, 40 healthy animals were divided into 4 equal groups. The 1st 2 groups were given 2 or 4 mg saffan/kg body weight (B.W.), respectively. A mixture of saffan (1 mg) and xylazine (0.1 mg)/kg B.W. was given to the 3rd group. Xylazine alone was offered to the 4th group in a concentration of 0.1 mg/kg B.W. Serum samples from all groups were analysed to measure the quantities of glucose, total protein, total and direct bilirubin as well as the activity levels of transaminases. Increased glucose levels resulted from administration of saffan which evoked more hyperglycaemia than its mixture with xylazine or xylazine alone. The hyperglycaemic effect of both doses of saffan was equivocal beyond 2 hours. The effect then differed, and glucose elevation reached the 4 fold level by 2 mg saffan and the 3 fold level by 4 mg. Total serum protein, direct and total bilirubin as well as GPT and GOT were not changed in the 4 experimental groups. This was a good indication to normal liver function in the course of administration of steroid anaesthetics to goat.

Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture↗
PubMed2001

The Effects of the Hepatitis B Virus and Occupational and Lifestyle Factors on Liver Function Among Workers in Shanghai.

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem in China. This study examined liver function in relation to HBV infection, and the occupational and lifestyle factors among workers in Shanghai. The study included 690 male workers aged 20-59 employed at a steel manufacturing company. The occupational and lifestyle factors were evaluated by self-administered questionnaire addressing worksite, exposure to dust or chemicals, history of cigarette smoking and habitual alcohol consumption. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) seropositivity was 21.4%. Elevated values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST, >30IU/liter) appeared in HBsAg-positive and current alcohol drinking groups but statistically on the borderline. There was a positive linear trend in the odds ratios(ORs) among age groups and ethanol consumption levels for elevated values of g-glutamyl transferase (GGT, >50IU/liter). There was no clear association between occupational exposure and liver functions. When the effects of HBsAg and the current alcohol drinking status on the elevated value of AST were examined simultaneously, OR for cases with HBsAg-positive and current alcohol drinking rose to 2.85(95%CI.98-8.28) against reference cases with HBsAg-negative and non-alcohol drinking, although this association was statistically on the borderline. The results indicated that some interventional attempts including educational strategy for alcohol drinking would be important among the HBsAg-positive cases to reduce the risk of liver dysfunction and further, hepatocellular carcinoma.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Longitudinal bone loss in postmenopausal women with primary biliary cirrhosis and well-preserved liver function.

OBJECTIVES/DESIGN: Increased rate of bone loss has been reported in women with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and varying degree of liver dysfunction. Whether bone loss is increased in patients without liver dysfunction is unclear. The aim of this study was to estimate retrospectively the rate of bone loss in postmenopausal women with PBC and well-preserved liver function. SUBJECTS/INTERVENTIONS: Forty-three women with PBC, and classified as Child-Pugh class A, were included. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck. RESULTS: Median time between measurements of BMD was 26 months (range, 12-48 months). Twenty women were not receiving any bone protective treatment, i.e. hormone replacement therapy (HRT), bisphosphonates or vitamin D/calcium supplementation, whilst 23 women received such treatment. Mean annual bone loss in the former group was 0.38 +/- 2.56% and 0.42 +/- 2.29% at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck, respectively. Women receiving treatment, however, increased their BMD by 1.92 +/- 3.76% and 0.15 +/- 2.75% at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck, respectively. At the lumbar spine the difference with regard to changes in BMD between untreated and treated women was statistically significant (P = 0.02). Women who received HRT (n = 11) increased their BMD at the lumbar spine by 2.95 +/- 3.91%, P = 0.03 when compared with untreated women. CONCLUSION: Bone loss in postmenopausal women with PBC and well-preserved liver function is not increased above normal. Treatment with bone protective treatment, mainly HRT, improves BMD at the lumbar spine.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The value of liver function tests in hepatocellular carcinoma.

This study was undertaken to see if liver function tests (LFT) served a worthwhile purpose in the investigation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sera from 80 HCC, 76 benign liver disease (BLD) and 152 healthy adult (HA) subjects were assayed for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin and albumin. Cut-off values were determined from the HA. ALP, GGT, AST and albumin were abnormal in about 90% of the HCC. With the exception of bilirubin, the LFT were abnormal more frequently in HCC than in chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, the conditions which preceed it. Raised ALP in the presence of normal bilirubin was more often a feature of HCC than BLD although this relationship was not statistically significant. It seems unlikely that LFT serve a useful function in HCC.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for metabonomics: potential biomarkers for acute deterioration of liver function in chronic hepatitis B.

Metabonomics methods have been successfully applied to the drug discovery, toxicology, phytochemistry, and clinical fields. Here, we report a self-developed metabonomics platform which is based on high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) technique and applied to the investigation of acute deterioration of liver function in chronic hepatitis B to find the potential biomarkers. Sera from 50 healthy persons and 37 patients with acute deterioration of liver function in chronic hepatitis B were analyzed by HPLC-MS after removal of proteins. After de-noise, peak detection and peak alignment, the data of metabolites were fed to partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to find the potential biomarkers. According to the corresponding tandem mass results, several potential biomarkers were identified: Lysophosphatidyl Choline (LPC) C18:0, LPC C16:0, LPC C18:1, LPC C18:2, and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) (or its isomer glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA)). On the basis of the relevant literature and pathway databases, the biological significance of the present study is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Clinical study on effect of matrine injection to protect the liver function for patients with primary hepatic carcinoma after trans-artery chemo-embolization (TAE)].

OBJECTIVE: To study effect of Matrine injection to prevent the liver function of patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) after trans-artery chemo-embolization. METHODS: 122 patients with PHC admitted to our hospital between October 1999 and June 2004 were randomly divided into therapy group (62 cases) and control group (60 cases). In therapy group, the patients after trans-artery chemo-embolization (TAE) were infused 150 mg Matrine injection once a day for two weeks, while we used other same hepatinica on patients in control group. The levels of alamine aminotransferase (ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum total bilirubin (STB), Albumin (ALB) were tested before and after one week and two weeks of TAE. RESULTS: In therapy group, the levels of ALT and AST at one week after TAE were much higher than that before TAE (P <0.01) until two weeks later (P > 0.05). In control group, the levels of ALT, AST, STB were all elevated at one week (P < 0.01), and that of the ALT and AST did not come down to the levels at two weeks before TAE. CONCLUSIONS: Matrine injection may be used to protect the liver function for patients with PHC after TAE, to relieve the liver cells damage, and to improve the tolerance of TAE, so as to perform the next TAE in time.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Rapid high-performance liquid chromatography assay for salivary and serum caffeine following an oral load. An indicator of liver function.

A rapid isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system for the quantitative measurement of serum and salivary caffeine is described. The best separation of caffeine from other methylxanthines was achieved by chromatography on an ODS-Hypersil column using a solvent system of 0.1 M ammonium acetate pH 4.6-acetonitrile (85:15, v/v). The effluent was monitored at 280 nm. Caffeine was extracted from diluted serum and saliva samples (10-500 microliter) by adsorption on a small Bond-Elut C18 cartridge and recovered by elution with methanol. Thermospray HPLC-mass spectrometry conditions were optimized to afford a means of directly identifying caffeine in samples. The positive-ion mass spectrum was characterized by an intense protonated molecular ion, MH+, at m/z 195 and negligible fragmentation. When the mass spectrometer was operated in selected ion monitoring mode, caffeine could be detected in less than 1 microliter of serum and saliva at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml. Caffeine (3.5 mg/kg body wt.) was administered orally to healthy adults, children, and newborn infants, and to patients with liver disease. The clearance rate and half-life were determined as a test of liver function. A prolongation in the elimination of caffeine was observed in patients with liver disease and, although there was some overlap in the values obtained for patients with noncirrhotic liver disease and healthy persons, the oral caffeine load test may usefully serve as a dynamic assessment of liver function in the serial follow-up of patients with liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Action of beta-adrenoceptor blockers on liver function of rats.

Three nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blockers, propranolol, cloranolol and talinolol, were examined in male rats. The amount and function of polysubstrate monooxygenase, serum bilirubin and carbohydrate metabolism were investigated. Doses producing a 25% reduction in heart beat/min were given orally. The effect of a single dose was compared to that of a 12-day treatment period. Propranolol in a single dose did not influence hepatic parameters. The 12-day treatment reduced the amount of cytochrome P-450 (cP-450) and prolonged hexobarbital biotransformation time. Cloranolol decreased cP-450, prolonged hexobarbital anaesthesia and inhibited aminopyrine-N-demethylation (AND) even in a single dose. No further impairment occurred with continued treatment. A single dose of talinolol led to cP-450 loss and inhibited cP-450 dependent liver functions. This inhibition progressed with continued treatment. High bilirubin levels were measured. Both cloranolol and talinolol elicited an initial rapid hyperglycaemia with normal liver glycogen content. At the end of the treatment blood glucose and liver glycogen values were normal. The reversible hyperglycemic reaction shows the necessity of controlling glucose tolerance. When talinolol is administered liver function parameters should be checked in appropriate time intervals.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗