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PubMed1999

Do gender differences in CD4 cell counts matter?

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of gender on disease progression and whether gender differences in CD4 lymphocyte counts persisted for the entire course from HIV seroconversion until (death from) AIDS. METHODS: CD4 lymphocyte counts were modelled in 221 female and 443 male seroconverters following seroconversion, backwards from AIDS and backwards from death using regression analysis for repeated measurements. RESULTS: In the period before use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), progression to AIDS and to death were marginally slower in women than in men as assessed by proportional hazards analysis. Women seroconverted for HIV, developed AIDS and died at higher CD4 cell counts than men (women: 815, 146 and 44 x 10(6) cells/l, respectively; men: 727, 49 and 22 x 10(6) cells/l, respectively), although differences were only statistically significant at AIDS onset. Declines in CD4 lymphocyte counts were not significantly affected by gender and absolute differences between men and women were stable, with exception for the trajectory close to AIDS when the decline became steeper for men than women. CONCLUSION: These gender differences in CD4 lymphocyte counts suggest a delay of initiation of therapy in women compared with men (our model predicted that women reach the threshold of starting HAART at about 12 months later than men). If this delay unfavourably influences progression, treatment guidelines should be revised so that women can benefit equally from HAART.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1992

Measuring percent lymphocytes by flow cytometry to calculate absolute lymphocyte subset counts for HIV+ specimens.

A comparison was made of lymphocyte percentages from an automated hematology analyzer (ELT 15) vs. a fluorescence flow cytometer (Cytofluorograf). The hematology values were consistently higher than the flow (by greater than 10% for 13 of 50 HIV+ specimens). The findings were similar to three other pairings: H*1 vs. Cytofluorograf, Cell Dyn 3000 vs. Cytofluorograf, and Cell Dyn 3000 vs. EPICS Profile. In another comparison manual percent lymphocytes matched much better with flow values. Factors of sample preparation and instrument analysis as they relate to nonrandom cell loss and lymphocyte resolution are examined.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed2006

Complete blood count parameters for healthy, small-for-gestational-age, full-term newborns.

No previous study has investigated the full range of complete blood count (CBC) parameters in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborns. The main aim of this study was to compare CBC and peripheral smear parameters in term, healthy SGA neonates and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) neonates, and to establish CBC reference values for full-term SGA newborns. One hundred thirty-two healthy, term newborns (73 SGA and 59 AGA) were included. On day 1, we obtained 109 samples and on day 7 we obtained 77 samples. A CBC and peripheral smear were analyzed for each sample collected and group data were compared. We observed higher mean values for normoblast count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell (RBC) count in the SGA babies than in the AGA babies on day 1. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values for the SGA babies were decreased because of the relatively high RBC count and relatively high mean corpuscular volume we observed in this group. Of the SGA newborns, 21.9% had neutropenia and 4.7% had absolute neutrophil counts lower than 1500/microl on day 1. On both day 1 and day 7, the SGA newborns had higher mean absolute metamyelocyte counts and higher mean I : T (immature : total neutrophil ratio) values than the AGA group. The SGA babies had a lower mean absolute lymphocyte count on day 7 than the AGA group. We detected thrombocytopenia in almost one-third of the 64 SGA newborns tested on day 1. In summary, our study clearly demonstrates that CBC parameters for healthy, full-term, SGA newborns are different from those of healthy, term AGA newborns. This is the first study that has documented different mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, metamyelocyte counts, lymphocyte counts, and I : T in SGA babies compared with AGA babies.

Blood Cell Count↗

PubMed2004

Multiple-dose FTY720: tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and lymphocyte responses in healthy subjects.

FTY720 is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist being developed as an immunomodulator for acute rejection prophylaxis after organ transplantation. This study was performed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of and lymphocyte response to multiple-dose FTY720. In this randomized, double-blind study, three groups of 20 healthy subjects each received either placebo, 1.25 mg/day FTY720, or 5 mg/day FTY720 for 7 consecutive days. FTY720 blood concentrations and lymphocyte counts were assessed over the weeklong treatment phase and over a month-long washout phase. The relationship between FTY720 blood concentrations and lymphocyte counts was explored by an inhibitory E(max) model. First-dose exposure was consistent with dose proportionality between the low- and high-dose groups. Blood levels accumulated fivefold over the treatment period. Exposure on day 7 was dose proportional for C(max) (5.0 +/- 1.0 vs. 18.2 +/- 4.1 ng/mL) and for AUC (109 +/- 24 vs. 399 +/- 85 ng.h/mL). Washout pharmacokinetics after the last dose indicated an elimination half-life averaging 8 days. Lymphocyte counts decreased by 80% in subjects receiving the lower dose to a nadir of 0.4 +/- 0.1 x 10(9)/L and by 88% in subjects receiving the upper dose to a nadir of 0.2 +/- 0.1 x 10(9)/L. Descriptive exposure-response modeling estimated that the lymphocyte response at 5 mg/day is near the maximal response achievable. By the end-of-study evaluation on day 35, lymphocyte counts had recovered to within 75% and 50% of baseline in the low- and high-dose groups, respectively. In summary, systemic exposure to FTY720 was consistent with dose-proportionality after both single- and multiple-dose administration. Total lymphocyte counts decreased from baseline by 80% and 88% at regimens of 1.25 and 5 mg/day, respectively. Exposure-response modeling provided evidence that 5 mg/day FTY720 resulted in a near-maximal dynamic effect of this drug on lymphocytes.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2006

Effect of HIV infection on atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance.

BACKGROUND: Detection of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) is a cervical cytologic finding that is suggestive but not definitive of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs). METHODS: We examined the risk, characteristics, and progression of ASCUS in women with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Cervical Papanicolou (Pap) test and colposcopy data were obtained at the first 10 semiannual visits for the HIV Epidemiology Research study of 774 HIV-infected and 480 demographically similar, HIV-uninfected women in the United States. Multiple logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazards models were utilized. RESULTS: ASCUS was more common among HIV-infected women (odds ratio [OR], 1.6 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.3-2.0] to 2.6 [95% CI, 1.9-3.6]) after adjustment for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and other risk factors (e.g., race, condyloma, and prior Pap test result). Among women with normal Pap test results at enrollment, the cumulative incidence of ASCUS was 78% among HIV-infected women and 38% among HIV-uninfected women. HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women with ASCUS did not differ by prevalence of indices of inflammation (inflammation on Pap test and leukocytes on cervical gram stain). HPV infection, including high risk types, was more common among HIV-infected women with ASCUS. Among women with ASCUS, 60% of HIV-infected and 25% of HIV-uninfected women developed SILs (P < .01). Compared with HIV-infected women with higher CD4+ lymphocyte counts, HIV-infected women with CD4+ lymphocyte counts < 200 cells/microL were more likely to present subsequently with a SIL detected by Pap test (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.8-3.6). CONCLUSIONS: Higher risk of SIL following the appearance of ASCUS among HIV-infected women, especially women with low CD4+ lymphocyte counts, supports the need for follow up with colposcopy and histologic examination, as indicated, to allow early detection and treatment of SIL.

CD4 Lymphocyte Count↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Neuroleptanalgesia, surgical trauma and immunity].

Immune status and hormonal homeostasis have been studied in 26 patients with larynx cancer operated on (laryngectomy, extended laryngectomy) under neuroleptanalgesia. It has been established that 3 and 7 days after the operation there was a decrease in plasma cortisol level and an increase in B- and T-lymphocyte count and theophylline-resistant T-lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood. In 4 patients with postoperative complications (pharyngeal fistulas) there was a reverse correlation between cortisol content and B-lymphocyte count and T-lymphocyte blast transformation.

Humans↗

PubMed1980

Endotoxin-induced changes in the rabbit's blood picture.

The authors studied changes in the rabbit's blood picture in the first 24 hours after the administration of three different doses of endotoxin. The most pronounced changes were observed in the white blood component, particularly the granulocytes, which almost vanished from the blood stream immediately after the endotoxin was injected. In 24 hours granulocytopenia was succeeded by marked granulocytosis. Changes in the lymphocytes were smaller; the lymphocyte count fell slightly about 3 hours after the injection of endotoxin, but by 24 hours it was almost normal again. The platelet count also fell after the administration of endotoxin, but the red blood picture remained virtually the same.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Gender-specific differences in the natural history, clinical features, and socioeconomic status of HIV-infected patients: experience of a treatment centre in Vienna.

BACKGROUND: In order to evaluate natural history, clinical features, and socioeconomic aspects in HIV-infected women, a prospective study comprising 695 HIV-infected patients was performed at our department. METHODS: Demographic data, CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) plasma loads, AIDS indicator diseases and socioeconomic variables were recorded. Prognostic factors for survival were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Data of men and women were compared. RESULTS: The mean age of the 150 women (29.4 +/- 9.4 years) was significantly lower than that of men (32.6 +/- 9.7 years, p = 0.0002). CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, HIV1-plasma loads, and AIDS indicator diseases did not significantly differ between men and women; the same was true for all socioeconomic variables (family status, education, professional training, employment status) except family status. No significant difference in median overall and AIDS-free survival was observed between females (2033 and 1593 days) and males (1554.5 and 1235 days, respectively, p = 0.36 and p = 0.098). Overall survival compared by age groups (< 30, 31-50, > 50 years), by risk categories (homosexuals, i.v. drug users, heterosexual contacts) and by CD4+ T-lymphocyte count (< 200, 200-500, > 500 cells/mm3), differed significantly (p < 0.001) as did AIDS-free survival. Lower age and a high CD4+ T-lymphocyte count were independently associated with the outcome in the multivariate analysis. (Overall survival/relative risk: 0.49 for age < 30 years and 2.3 for CD4+ T-lymphocyte count < 200 cells/mm3, AIDS-free survival/relative risk: 0.65 for age < 30 years and 3.3 for CD4+ T-lymphocyte count < 200 cells/mm3). HIV-1 plasma loads as a prognostic factor could not be evaluated due to the small number of patients who died or developed AIDS (2/375 and 10/375 patients, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our results showed no difference in the natural history and clinical features of HIV infection between men and women. However, pulmonary tuberculosis was associated with a significantly longer survival compared to other AIDS-defining diseases. Lower age and high CD4+ T-lymphocyte count are independent predictors for survival. With the exception of family status, socioeconomic variables showed no differences between male and female patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1993

Risk for perinatal HIV-1 transmission according to maternal immunologic, virologic, and placental factors.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate how maternal and obstetric factors interact to influence mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission. DESIGN: Prospective, observational cohort study of children born to HIV-infected women to determine child's HIV infection status. The analysis then compared peripartum maternal, placental, and obstetric variables between HIV-1 transmitter and nontransmitter women. SETTING: Two large maternity wards in Kinshasa, Zaire. PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive sample of 324 HIV-1-infected women at delivery, with 254 HIV-seronegative women followed up as control subjects. PRINCIPAL OUTCOME MEASURES: HIV infection status of children, to classify each woman as an HIV-1 transmitter or nontransmitter. RESULTS: The highest transmission risk (TR) was associated with maternal p24 antigenemia (TR, 71%; relative risk [RR], 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7 to 5.2) and maternal CD8+ lymphocyte counts of at least 1.80 x 10(9)/L (1800/microL) (TR, 50%; RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2). Among women with CD8+ lymphocyte counts of less than 1.80 x 10(9)/L, CD4+ lymphocyte counts of less than 0.60 x 10(9)/L were a risk factor (TR, 29%; RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2). In women with neither high CD8+ nor low CD4+ lymphocyte counts, placental membrane inflammation was associated with perinatal transmission (TR, 40%; RR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.3 to 13.7). In women with neither p24 antigenemia, high CD8+ or low CD4+ lymphocyte counts, nor placental membrane inflammation, the transmission risk was only 7%. Additional correlates of transmission included maternal anemia and fever, but not maternal sexually transmitted diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Identifiable subgroups of HIV-1-infected women based on maternal and placental characteristics had between a 7% and 71% risk of perinatal HIV-1 transmission. Not only the overall rate of transmission but the impact of different risk factors for transmission appear to vary over the course of HIV infection.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗

PubMed2000

Assessment of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in idiopathic myelofibrosis.

The objective of this study was to contribute to a better characterization of the immunological profile of idiopathic myelofibrosis (IM) at presentation by analysing the blood lymphocyte subsets and their possible correlations with other disease features. Absolute blood lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets were assessed in 31 IM patients, compared with those from 34 healthy individuals, and correlated with the patients' main clinical, hematological and bone marrow histologic features. The mean lymphocyte count of the IM patients was 1.1 (SD 0.6) x 10(9)/L, versus 1.6 (SD 0.49) x 10(9)/L in controls (p = 0.0006), with 24 of the 31 patients (77.4%) showing lymphocytopenia (< 1.5 x 10(9)/L). IM patients had significantly lower counts of CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD3 -/ CD56+ cells, and significantly higher CD3 +/CD56 + lymphocyte counts. Although no significant differences were found between patients and controls with regard to CD19+/CD5+ cell counts, increased CD5 + B-cell lymphocytes were observed in three IM patients. In one of the latter patients, Ig gene rearrangement analysis of the heavy chain gene demonstrated such a subpopulation to be clonal, but the patient did not develop features of chronic lymphoid leukemia during a 5-yr follow-up. No correlation was found between the patients' blood lymphocyte counts and other disease features. We conclude that most IM patients have absolute lymphopenia, decreased T cells and increased cytotoxic T cells at diagnosis, and 10% of them show an increased CD5 + B-cell subpopulation.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

[E-RFC (T cells) and Ig-positive cells (B cells) in the peripheral blood of patients with lymphogranulomatosis and possible immunocorrection with levamisole].

Forty patients with Hodgkin's disease were examined for cell-mediated immunity. Analysis of peripheral blood showed a decrease in the relative and absolute E-RFU counts depending on the disease stages. The changes in B-cells bearing surface immunoglobulins were negligible. E-RFC (T-cells) prevailed in the spleen of patients with Hodgkin's disease. However, some of the patients had a high enough count of B-cells in the spleen and peripheral blood. Multiple modality treatment for Hodgkin's disease, radiation therapy in particular, aggravated disorders of cell-mediated immunity. Thirty-one patients received levamisole at the definite stages of multiple modality treatment with a purpose of correcting cell-mediated immunity disorders. Two schemes of levamisole intake were tried. The drug was given in a dose of 150 mg for 21 days, the total dose amounting to 3, 150 mg, or in a dose of 150 mg for 4 days with a 10-day interval, the total dose being 2, 100 mg. Only two patients noted side effects one of them had a "gas taste" in the mouth, whereas the other one skin itch and urticaria that did not require any treatment. Application of levamisole increased the relative and absolute E-RFU counts, absolute lymphocyte count. Patients on levamisole noted the improvement of the well-being.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1970

Changes in the differential leukocyte count of chicks inoculated with Salmonella.

Studies were conducted to determine the effects of Salmonella anatum and S. heidelberg infections on the differential leukocyte counts of baby chickens. Newly hatched broiler-type chicks were inoculated in the yolk sac with suspensions of either S. anatum or S. heidelberg. At 0, 24, 48, and 72 hr after inoculation, blood was taken by heart puncture from chicks of both inoculated groups and from a group of uninoculated chicks. The averages of the leukocyte counts of three or four chicks from each group were used as the blood values for specific time intervals. The six classes of leukocytes counted were lymphocytes, monocytes, juveniles, heterophils, eosinophils, and basophils. The leukocytes classified as juveniles were immature or degenerate heterophils and were found almost exclusively in the infected chicks. Changes in heterophil, juvenile, and lymphocyte counts were affected by both the number of cells in the inoculum (300 versus 3 million cells of S. anatum) and species (S. anatum and S. heidelberg). Infection with either Salmonella species resulted in the development of a severe heterophilic leukopenia, and a significant increase in the percentage of both juveniles and lymphocytes by 48 hr postinoculation. Mortality rate was higher in groups of chicks inoculated with S. heidelberg than in groups given S. anatum.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Effect of combined cortisol-endotoxin administration on peripheral blood leukocyte counts and phenotype in normal humans.

We studied the role of lipopolysaccharide and the associated hypercortisolemic response as mediators of leukocyte changes associated with endotoxemia. Normal human subjects were given continuous, 12-hour, intravenous infusions of cortisol. After 6 hours of cortisol infusion, lipopolysaccharide (20 U/kg) was administered in an intravenous bolus. Plasma cortisol and blood leukocyte counts and lymphocyte subset proportions were evaluated every hour throughout the 12-hour study period. After 6 hours of cortisol infusion, lymphocyte counts and proportions of CD4+ helper/inducer T cells had declined significantly. The fact that these cells did not decline further in response to lipopolysaccharide and continued cortisol infusion suggests that lipopolysaccharide-induced lymphocyte changes are cortisol dependent. In contrast, the granulocytosis normally observed after lipopolysaccharide administration was unaffected by cortisol infusion. Finally, the monocyte counts and proportions of B cells (HLA-DR+ or CD20+ cells) responded to cortisol infusion and LPS in a pattern distinct from that of lipopolysaccharide alone. These results indicate that lipopolysaccharide-induced hypercortisolemia plays a role in immune modulation during endotoxemia.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Instant nutritional assessment in the intensive care unit.

Instant nutritional assessment of the critically ill patient using serum albumin level and total lymphocyte count is reported. When an intensive care unit population is compared to the general hospital population a 6-fold increase in albumin level depressions, a 2-fold increase in lymphocyte count depression, and an 11-fold increase in depression of both parameters was noted in the intensive care unit population. Surgical intensive care unit (SICU) patients with depressed albumin levels and total lymphocyte counts had twice the complication rate and 4.5 times the death rate of those SICU patients with normal albumin levels and lymphocyte counts. It is concluded that serum albumin levels and total lymphocyte count determinations are valuable tools for instant nutritional assessment of the critically ill patient.

Critical Care↗

PubMed1996

Western blot banding patterns of HIV rapid progressors in the U.S. Navy Seropositive Cohort: implications for vaccine development. Navy Retroviral Working Group.

Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is progressive, the rate of decline in CD4+ lymphocyte counts varies. The role of immune system components in limiting HIV infection has yet to be defined, but a previous report on the U.S. Navy HIV Seropositive Cohort reported that strong reactivity in the anti-p55 (core precursor), p24 (core) and p53 (reverse transcriptase) Western blot bands was associated with higher CD4+ lymphocyte counts at the first clinical evaluation for HIV. The previous report examined the cross-sectional association between Western blot banding patterns and initial CD4+ lymphocyte counts. This report examines the association between these banding patterns in individuals who progressed rapidly as compared with patterns of patients who did not, based on their trends in repeated CD4+ lymphocyte counts as a marker of progression. Rapid and slower progressors were identified from a cohort of 3414 Navy and Marine Corps personnel who had a first positive HIV Western blot during 1986-1991. For purposes of this study, rapid progressors were defined as individuals whose CD4+ lymphocyte counts declined to < 500 cells/mm3 within 1 year of seroconversion. A total of 325 individuals met these criteria. A comparison group of 63 slower progressors also was identified; this group consisted of those whose CD4+ lymphocyte counts remained at > or = 500 cells/mm3 for a minimum of 5 years of follow-up after their first positive Western blot. Rapid progressors were slightly younger than slower progressors and were more likely to be never married but did not differ significantly from slower progressors in race or sex. Rapid progressors had weaker reactivity in the anti-p55 core precursor (P < 0.0001), p15 core (P < 0.01), gp41 transmembrane (P < 0.01) and p31 endonuclease (P < 0.05) bands on the Western blot. The odds ratio for rapid progressor status associated with weak or absent reactivity was 7.8 in the anti-p55 band and ranged from 2.0 to 3.2 in the anti-p31, p15, and gp41 bands. These associations remained significant after adjustment for age, race, and sex. The p55 association persisted in repeated Western blots during routine clinical evaluation during a period of 5 years after the first positive Western blot. It was concluded that several possible explanations may account for the weaker reactivity of rapid progressors: (i) weak anti-p55 reactivity might have been a marker of early immune system damage; (ii) high concentrations of p55 or related proteins in the serum may have bound the available anti-p55 antibodies in rapid progressors, making them difficult to identify on the Western blot; or (iii) lack of anti-p55, p15, gp41, or p31 reactivity might have allowed more rapid progression.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Role of immunological lymphocyte subset typing as a screening method for lymphoid malignancies in daily routine practice.

BACKGROUND: The major diagnostic role of peripheral lymphocyte subset typing is to distinguish between malignant and reactive conditions. METHODS: The present study evaluates the screening efficacy of flow cytometric lymphocyte subset typing for the presence of a lymphoid malignancy. Four hundred samples were analyzed with a combination of anti-T-, B-, and natural killer (NK)-cell monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty (55%) samples showed a normal distribution of lymphocyte subsets, 73 (18%) samples exhibited unspecific alterations of lymphocyte subsets, 19 (5%) samples exhibited a reactive phenotype typical of Epstein-Barr virus/cytomegalovirus (EBV/CMV) infection, and 88 (22%) samples expressed a phenotype suggestive of lymphoma. The most predictive independent factor of a lymphoma-specific phenotype was the absolute lymphocyte count (P = 0.0001, odds ratio 73.225). Seventy-eight percent of samples containing >/=4 x 10(9)/l lymphocytes and 2% of samples with lymphocyte counts <4 x 10(9)/l exhibited a lymphoma-specific phenotype. The specificity of the referring clinical comment was the second best predictor of a lymphoma-specific typing outcome (P = 0.0001, odds ratio 19.589). The independent predictive values of lymphocyte morphology and of relative lymphocyte counts were of borderline significance. CONCLUSIONS: The use of flow cytometric lymphocyte subset typing as a diagnostic screening method for lymphoma should be restricted to cases of unexplained elevation of absolute lymphocyte counts with or without morphological atypias and to cases with definite clinical symptoms of lymphoma.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗

PubMed2002

Characteristics of photopheresis treatments for the management of rejection in heart and lung transplant recipients.

Photopheresis has been used in the management of rejection of heart and/or lung transplants. Although its mechanism of action remains unknown, irradiated T-helper cell-induced immunosuppression is the main theory. Since transplant recipients are often lymphopenic and lymphocytes are the target cells in phototherapy, we performed this study to determine which factors affect the cellular yield to undergo irradiation. We reviewed the records of all photophereses performed in our institution between July 1998 and April 2000 using the UVAR (first generation) or XTS (second generation) instruments (Therakos, Exton, PA). Our data included patient's blood volume, absolute lymphocyte count and hematocrit, catheter type, flow rate of collection cycles and centrifuge bowl size, as well as volume, hematocrit, and lymphocyte count of the cell suspension. With a mixed model multivariate analysis we sought to determine which variables predicted the lymphocyte yield. A total of 406 procedures in 25 adult patients was analyzed. There was no significant difference between the lymphocyte yield among the procedures performed with the first- and the second-generation instruments. The patient's absolute lymphocyte count was the only parameter, which positively correlated with the total number of lymphocytes collected for irradiation (P < 0.0001). Indeed, based on the mixed model, the total number of lymphocytes for irradiation can be predicted from the pre-procedure lymphocyte count. Additional studies are necessary to correlate the number of treated cells with patient outcome.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Lymphocyte subset counting by immunoperoxidase using an automated routine hematologic analyzer.

Using monoclonal antibodies against CD2, CD4, CD8 and CD19 antigens and an automated biotin-avidin immunoperoxidase technique on whole blood samples, we evaluated the technical performance and clinical usefulness of lymphocyte subset counting by the routine hematology analyzer Technicon H*1. Statistical evaluation demonstrated excellent precision and very good correlation with the immunofluorimetric flow cytometer Ortho Spectrum III. Correlation between manual immunofluorescence at the microscope and the H*1 method was much poorer, owing to the high intrinsic imprecision of the manual method. Reference ranges obtained with the H*1 immunoperoxidase method in 44 healthy subjects closely matched those obtained with the Spectrum III. In 46 subjects with or at risk for HIV infection, we found with the H*1 method a significant decrease in CD4+ cells and in the CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio, which was progressively more marked in HIV- negative patients with lymphadenopathic syndrome, AIDS-related complex, and in patients with full-blown AIDS.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗