SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “MOLASSES”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

Optimisation of Noosa BNR plant to improve performance and reduce operating costs.

Noosa WWTP is publicly owned and privately operated by Australian Water Services. The process includes primary sedimentation, raw sludge fermentation, biological nutrient removal (BNR), sand filtration and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. An innovative feature of the plant is the supplementary carbon dosing facility to avoid the use of metal salts (alum or ferric) for phosphorus removal. The average flow treated during 2000 was 9.0 ML/d. The annual 50 percentile effluent quality requirements for nutrients are total N < 5 mg/L and total P < 1 mg/L. The objectives of this project were to: determine the cause of variability in phosphorus removal; develop a strategy to control the variability in phosphorus removal; and minimise the operating cost of supplementary carbon dosing while achieving the effluent quality requirements. An investigation of chemical and microbiological parameters was implemented and it was concluded that there were several factors causing variability in phosphorus removal, rather than a single cause. The following four major causes were identified, and the control strategies that were adopted resulted in the plant achieving annual 50 percentile effluent total P = 0.37 mg/L and total N = 3.0 mg/L during 2001. First, phosphorus removal was limited by the available VFA supply due to consumption of VFA by other organisms competing with phosphate accumulating organisms (PAO), and due to diurnal variations in the sewage VFA and phosphate concentrations. Therefore, supplementary carbon dosing was essential to make allowance for competing reactions. Second, increasing the fermenter VFA yield via supplementary carbon dosing with molasses was found to be an effective and economic way of ensuring reliable phosphorus removal. Third, nitrate in the RAS resulted in consumption of VFA by denitrifying bacteria, particularly with process configurations where the RAS was recycled directly into the anaerobic zone. Incorporating a RAS denitrification zone into the process rectified this problem. Finally, glycogen accumulating organisms (GAO) were observed in BNR sludge samples, and consumption of VFA by GAO appeared to cause decreased phosphorus removal. Better phosphorus removal was obtained using VFA derived from the fermenter than dosing an equivalent amount of acetic acid. It was hypothesized that GAO have a competitive advantage to use acetate and PAO have a competitive advantage to use propionate, butyrate or some other soluble COD compound in the fermenter effluent. Contrary to popular belief, acetate may not be the optimum VFA for biological phosphorus removal. The competition between PAO and GAO for different VFA species under anaerobic conditions requires further investigation in order to control the growth of GAO and thereby improve reliability of biological phosphorus removal processes.

Bioreactors↗

PubMed2003

Enhancing reproductive performance in dairy buffalo: major constraints and achievements.

Buffalo are of high economic importance for farmers in several developing countries but reproductive performance is poor. A large proportion of heifers attain puberty at 3-5 years of age. A good quality diet supplemented with extra nutrients reduces the age of puberty, whereas the effects of administration of exogenous GnRH or equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) are equivocal. The incidence of anoestrus in buffalo ranges from 20 to 80% depending on season. Most buffalo cease ovarian cyclicity during hot summers probably due to the combined effects of nutrition, environment and management. Keeping buffalo cool by wallowing, water sprinklers or shade improves fertility. Supplementary feeding with Urea Molasses Multi-nutrient Blocks (UMMB) for 60 days before calving enhances the early onset of postpartum oestrus. Regular UMMB supplementation also improves pregnancy rates in anoestrous non-pregnant buffalo. Prepartum vaginal prolapse is hereditary and eradication can be achieved by genetic selective breeding programmes. Treatment with calcium, phosphorus and progesterone gives only transient relief to clinical cases. Uterine torsion is the most common cause of dystocia (70%). Deployment of Sharma's detorsion method and anti-stress measures increase survival rates in cases presented within 36 h. In conclusion, greater understanding about the effects of better year-round nutrition, improved management and markers for logical breeding programmes are essential to curtail the incidence of the reproductive disorders that reduce buffalo fertility.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗

PubMed1992

[Site-specific endonuclease BstM6I from Bacillus stearothermophilus M6].

A site-specific endonuclease activity was found in extract of Bacillus stearothermophilus M6 isolated from molasses. The functionally pure enzyme designated as BstM6I was obtained by consecutive chromatographies on blue sepharose, hydroxyapatite, and heparin-sepharose. The endonuclease recognizes the nucleotide sequence CC decreases WGG in double-stranded DNA and cleaves it as indicated by the arrow to give one-nucleotide 5'-protruding ends. Consequently, the site-specific endonuclease BstM6I is an isoshizomer of BstNI.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed2003

Water pipe (Sisha) smoking in cafes in Egypt.

Shisha café patrons in Cairo, Egypt were interviewed to assess their knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding smoking and health. The median age of initiation of Shisha smoking is 20 years. Shisha smokers know about the hazards of smoking and believe that Shisha smoking is less dangerous than cigarette smoking. Over half the Shisha smokers have tried to quit in the past year. The younger adults who smoke Shisha also tend to smoke more often with friends, smoke cigarettes in addition to Shisha and prefer fruit flavored tobacco as compared to tobacco mixed with molasses favored by Shisha smokers who are older. Heavy Shisha smoking was not related to age.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

[Formation of an acetic-acid type microbial metabolism pathway and its stability during the course of sulfate-reduction].

Continuous-flow experiment was conducted in an acidogenic sulfate-reducing reactor supplied with molasses as sole carbon resource and sulfate sodium as electron acceptor. The composition of Volatile fat acid(VFA) in terminal liquid products, the distribution of acetic acid, the existence of microbial populations and the interspecific relationship between sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and acidogenic bacteria (AB) were investigated in different experimental stages when sulfate removal rate and gas production maintained at a relatively stable status. The experimental results showed that an acetic-acid type microbial metabolism pathway was formed based on the fact that the proportion of acetic acid in terminal liquid products was as high as 50% to 82%. It was also explained the formation of acetic-acid type microbial metabolism pathway was resulted from acetic acid accumulation in the terminal liquid products, which was subjected to the bio-chain cooperation relationship between populations of SRB and AB, and the incomplete-oxidation of organic substance in acidogenic-phase reactor of two-phase anaerobic treatment process. It was also presented that the formation of acetic-acid type microbial metabolism pathway depended on the capability of acetic-acid utilized-SRB (ASRB) population competing against other populations and its ability of acetic acid consumption. Furthermore, this kind of metabolism pathway could offer suitable carbon resource for methane producing reactor in the two-phase anaerobic treatment process, and has significant effect on the sulfate removal rate of the whole treatment system and its running stability.

Acetic Acid↗

PubMed2003

Characteristics of a newly isolated fungus Geotrichum candidum Dec 1 with broad degradation spectrum of xenobiotic compounds.

A newly isolated fungus, Geotrichum candidum Dec 1 (abbreviated as Dec 1), was found to have the ability to degrade many xenobiotic compounds such as synthetic dyes, food coloring agents, molasses, organic halogens, lignin and kraft pulp effluents. The broad spectrum of the degradation of these compounds are associated mainly with peroxidases produced by the fungus.

Aspergillus oryzae↗

PubMed2004

Effect of inoculating flower stalks and vegetable waste with ligno-cellulolytic microorganisms on the composting process.

A lab-scale composting experiment was carried out using vegetable and flower stalks waste to study the effectiveness of ligno-cellulolytic microorganisms (LCMs) obtained from the previous isolation on composting process, especially on enhancement of biodegradation rate of these organic materials. The addition of LCMs to compost showed promised to be a valuable asset by rendering timely benefits in efficiency, maturity, and quality of the composting. This was evidenced by a significant increase of temperature, O2 consumption and CO2 emission, and population density of LCMs in compost mass compared with that of biotic (addition of culture of horse feces) and abiotic (1% molasses amendment) treatments, as well as control trial. The phytotoxicity assay showed that the substrate became mature after 60 days' composting. The LCMs inoculation enhanced the biodegradation of the composting materials as evidenced by an increasing screening ratio (1.2 cm sieve pore) of 34.5% in the treated trail, compared with that of control, which elucidated that big advantage of adding selected inoculants over other treatment, and screening ratio is a reasonable index to compare the quality of different compost. However, the inoculation seemed to have no significant effect on the moisture content, pH, and the final organic carbon of the composting materials.

Bacteria↗

PubMed2004

[Continuous operation of hydrogen bio-production reactor with ethanol-type fermentation].

The natural response of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) for hydrogen bio-production using molasses wastewater as substrate was investigated. Emphasis was placed on assessing the operational controlling strategy on the stable operation of CSTR with high efficiency. It was found that at an initial biomass of 15g/L, an equilibrial microbial community in the ethanol-type fermentation and efficient stable operation of CSTR could be established with following conditions: temperature of 35 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C, COD organic loading rate (OLR) of 40kg/(m3 x d), hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4h, pH value of 4.6 - 4.9 and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of -450 - -470mV. Following that, hydrogen production in the reactor was relatively stable. The observed maximal hydrogen bio-production rate was 7.63m3/(m3 x d). The content of hydrogen in the biogas was about 40% - 58%. COD removal rate was between 22% - 26%. The total content of ethanol and acetic acid in the fermentative end products was above 80%.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗

PubMed2003

[The breeding and culture condition optimization of a high-biomass, selenium-enriched yeast strain].

The yeast fusant ZFF-28, which is high in biomass production and rich in selenium, was constructed after mutagenesis and protoplasts fusion between yeast strains. The total selenium content of ZFF-28 is 1.8 and 1.0 times higher than that of the parental strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae ZY-67 and Saccharomyces kluyveri SZY-198 respectively. Using single factor tests and a L16(4(3) x 2(1)) orthogonal design, the cultivation conditions was optimized as: 50mL culture in 250mL shake flasks in molasses containing 6% sugar and 60microg/mL Se at 28 degree C for 25h at 220 r/min, with the initial pH adjusted to 6.0 - 6.5. Under the optimized conditions, the biomass (dry weight) reached 8.2g/L and the Se content of the cells reached 2050microg/g, with organic and inorganic Se contents being 91% and 9% respectively.

Biomass↗

PubMed2005

Optimization of bacteriocin ST311LD production by Enterococcus faecium ST311LD, isolated from spoiled black olives.

Bacteriocin ST311LD is approximately 2.3 kDa in size. Low levels of bacteriocin activity were recorded in BHI and M17 broth (800 AU/ml) and in 10% (w/v) soy milk (3,200 AU/ml). No bacteriocin production was recorded in 10% (w/v) molasses, despite good growth. Optimal levels (12,800 AU/ml) were detected in MRS broth which had been supplemented with tryptone (20.0 g/l), saccharose (5.0 or 10.0 g/l) or vitamin C (1 ppm). Increased potassium levels did not result in higher levels of activity, and glycerol (1.0 g/l) inhibited the production of bacteriocin ST311LD.

Bacteriocins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Chemical composition of a protein concentrate from Saccharomyces and its effect on immunologic response].

The content of the main nutrients, as well as amino-acid, fatty-acid and mineral composition of a protein concentrate prepared from yeast-Saccharomyces grown in molasses were studied. It was found that the product contained a significant amount of protein, all essential amino acids, insignificant quantity of lipids in which saturated fatty acids prevailed. The concentrate ash was rich in calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, silicon, iron and other elements. The protein product included into experimental rations during a month produced no significant effect on the B-system immunity and did not induce sensitization.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed2005

[Bioflocculant producing capability by two strains of Bacillus sp. in diversified carbon sources].

Two strains of Bacillus sp. F2 and F6 could produce bioflocculants with high flocculating effects by pure culture and mixed culture. Many kinds of carbon sources could be utilized. Organic compound which molecular weight under 200 such as saccharide, alcoholic aldehyde, ester and organic acid were favorable for producing bioflocculant. And some low-cost biomass scrap could be used as good carbon sources for industrialized production of bioflocculants, such as waste beet molasses, cellulose's fermentation residue and sewage of hydrogen producing reactor.

Bacillus↗

PubMed1992

[The effect of Bentazone, a Czechoslovak developmental herbicide, on health status indicators in sheep during subchronic poisoning].

A three-month feeding trial was conducted with sheep of the Slovak Merino breed (13-14 months of age, males and females) as a part of the obligatory toxicological tests of the Czechoslovak developmental herbicide bentazone (Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Bratislava). Partial results are shown describing the action of this herbicide on the overall health of sheep with respect to weight gains, trias values and intrauterine foetus development. The sheep of the first experimental group were fed bentazone as an additive to molasses feed M at a daily rate of 195 mg/kg lwt. (1/10 from LD50), and the sheep of the second group were fed a rate of 97.5 mg/kg lwt. (1/20 from LD50). No symptoms of the toxic effects of bentazone were observed in the course of the experiment. There were no differences between the experimental and test animals in the dynamics of pulse value changes (Fig. 1), breathing value changes (Fig. 2) and body temperature value changes (Fig. 3) from the beginning till the end of the trial. A slight increase in the pulse and breathing values above the upper reference value observed in the experimental groups in the last two to three weeks of the trial cannot be associated with the bentazone action. This increase reflects the physiological condition of the animals in the given conditions because the identical changes were also found in the control group. We assume that the changes were evoked by the elevated temperature of the external environment due to the fact that the sheep were not sheared.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Methods for monitoring outdoor populations of house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae).

Relative collections of house flies were compared on two Florida dairy farms using several monitoring methods: sticky cylinders, baited jug traps (Farnam Terminator and Victor Fly Magnet), and bait strips (Wellmark QuikStrike). Bait strips were placed over collecting pans and under 61 cm square plywood roofs to protect the toxicant from sunlight ("sheltered QuikStrike traps"). Sticky cylinders collected the fewest flies (515-679 flies/trap/day) and sheltered QuikStrike traps the most (5,659-8,814 flies/trap/day). The sheltered QuikStrike traps are promising tools for disease surveillance programs. The two baited jugs collected a similar and intermediate number of flies, with collections highest during the first 2 days after placement (2,920-5,462 flies/trap/day). Jug trap collections were low after 4 days of use in the field, apparently due to deterioration in the attractiveness of the bait over time. Jug traps collected mostly females, whereas sticky cylinders and sheltered QuikStrike traps collected mostly males. Exposure of jug trap bait (Farnam) to fly cadavers for 3 days did not increase attractiveness of the bait. Combinations of the Farnam and Victor attractants were more attractive than either attractant alone and 25-43% more attractive than expected based on the sum of collections in the single-attractant jug traps. A 25% solution of farm-grade blackstrap molasses was as effective as either of the two proprietary baits tested, offering a low-cost alternative for fly population monitoring.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

[Microbial community structure in different wastewater treatment processes characterized by single-strand-conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique].

In order to investigate microbial community structures in different wastewater treatment processes and understand the relationship between the structures and the status of processes, the microbial community diversity, variety and distribution in five wastewater treatment processes were studied by a culture-independent genetic fingerprinting technique single-strand-conformation polymorphism (SSCP). The five processes included a denitrification and phosphorus removal bioreactor (N), Chinese traditional medicine wastewater treatment bioreactor (P), beer wastewater treatment bioreactor (W), fermentative biohydrogen production bioreactor (H) and sulfate-reduction bioreactor (S). The results indicate that the microbial community profiles in the same wastewater bioreactors are very similar. The diversity of microbial populations is correlated with the complexity of organic contaminants in wastewater. Chinese traditional medicine wastewater contains more complex organic components, so the population diversity is higher than that of simple nutrient bioreactors fed with molasses wastewater. Compared with the strain bands in a simulated community, the relative proportion of some functional microbial populations in bioreactors was not dominant, namely, fermentative biohydrogen producer Ethanologenbacterium sp. in the better condition bioreactor had only 5% band density, and the Desulfovibrio sp. in the sulfate-reducing bioreactor had less than 1.5% band density. SSCP profiles can define the difference in microbial community structures in wastewater treatment processes and monitor some of the functional microbes in these processes, providing useful guidance for improving its efficiency.

Bacteria↗

PubMed2006

[Characteristics and operation of enhanced continuous bio-hydrogen production reactor using support carrier].

A kind of granular activated carbon, whose granular size is no more than 2mm and specific gravity is 1.54g/cm3, was used as the support carrier to allow retention of activated sludge within a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) using molasses wastewater as substrate for bio-hydrogen production. Continuous operation characteristics and operational controlling strategy of the enhanced continuous bio-hydrogen production system were investigated. It was indicated that, support carriers could expand the activity scope of hydrogen production bacteria, make the system fairly stable in response to organic load impact and low pH value (pH <3.8), and maintain high biomass concentration in the reactor at low HRT. The reactor with ethanol-type fermentation achieved an optimal hydrogen production rate of 0.37L/(g x d), while the pH value ranged from 3.8 to 4.4, and the hydrogen content was approximately 40% approximately 57% of biogas. It is effective to inhibit the methanogens by reducing the pH value of the bio-hydrogen production system, consequently accelerate the start-up of the reactor.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗

PubMed1990

Study on the protoplast fusion between a thermotolerant yeast and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Intergenetic protoplast fusion between Saccharomyces cerevisiae 396 and thermotolerant yeast Candida sp. C6 has been studied. 396 is a molasses distiller's yeast, and C6 which was isolated from the hot spring in Yunnan, grows well at 45 degrees C. The auxotrophic mutants of 396 (Arg.) and C6 (Lys.) were obtained by treatment of NTG. The fusion frequency was 0.91 per 10(5) protoplasts. Six fusants were studied, the average size of their cells is 1.3 times the size of their parents, while the DNA content is 1.6 times. Other characteristics of the fusants including colonial and cell morphology, physiology, especially in carbon sources assimilation appeared different. The possibility of heterokaryon formation was excluded except for F2 and F14. The growth curves, efficiency of sugar utilization and ethanol yield of original parents 396 and C6, immediate parents 396 (Arg.) and C6 (Lys.), fusants F1, F7, F12 and F13 have been compared at 28 degrees C, 40 degrees C and 45 degrees C. The intergenetic fusant F13 with efficiency of substrate utilization 94.3% and the final ethanol concentration 59.7 g/l at 40 degrees C has been selected.

Candida↗

PubMed1979

[Pesticide residues in feed-stuffs in Sweden (author's transl)].

The occurrence of pesticide residues was studied in samples of feed-stuffs produced in Sweden or imported to Sweden during the years 1972--1976. In all, 278 samples representing 37 types of feed-stuffs (components, as well as finished feeds) and 18 countries were analyzed. Residues of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides and PCBs were looked for in 224 samples, mostly feed components. The analytical method used involved solvent extraction, florisil-column clean-up, thinlayer chromatographic separation and gas-chromatographic determination. Chlorinated hydrocarbons were found in several samples. DDT and its transformation products were detected in 66 samples (29.5%), lindane in 44 (19.5%), PCBs in 25 (11.2%), alpha-BHC in 22 (9.8%), beta-BHC in 11 (4.9%) and dieldrin in 9 (4.0%). The levels were usually low (Table I). The chloropesticides occurred most frequently and at the highest levels in feed-stuffs of animal origin and in imported oil-feeds. In 25 of the samples the contents of sigmaDDT exceeded the maximum limit accepted by the National (Swedish) Food Administration for grain and bran intended for human consumption (0.05 mg/kg, Talbe IV). The highest residue level of sigmaDDT (0.66 mg/kg) was encountered in a sample of fish meal. The PCB levels found did not exceed the temporary tolerance established by FDA (1973) for finished animal feeds (0.2 mg/kg). One hundred and seven samples were analyzed for phenoxy acid residues using a thin-layer chromatographic and gas-chromatographic technique. Phenoxy acids were detected in only 2 of 62 randomly selected feed samples (0.05 and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively). The residue limit established by the National Food Administration for 2,4-D and MCPA in grain and bran intended for human consumption is 0.1 mg/kg. Fortyfour samples of feeds were submitted because of suspected phenoxy acid contamination. In 12 of the samples phenoxy acid residues were found. The highest level (3.5 mg/kg, MCPA) was observed in a sample of accidentally contaminated molasses. Considering the apparently low level of contamination of Swedish grain with chloropesticides, PCBs and phenoxy acids and the dilution on compounding feed-stuffs of animal origin and oil-feeds, only very low pesticide residue levels can be expected in Swedish finished animal feeds.

Animal Feed↗