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PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute idiopathic interstitial nephritis: report of a case].

The Authors report the case of a 9 years old girl with acute intestitial nephritis. The clinical picture was characterized by the association of nonspecific systemic symptoms, poliuria, acute renal failure with signs of tubular disfunctions. There was no evident inciting agent of the disease. The patient experienced rapid improvement of both symptoms and laboratory parameters with normalization of the renal function.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Interstitial nephritis associated with cytomegalovirus infection.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection may cause impairment of renal graft function and glomerular and interstitial injury. Whether renal lesions are the consequence of infection or of decreased graft tolerance is uncertain. We studied autogenous renal tissues obtained from two infants with CMV infection. Light and electron microscopy revealed interstitial nephritis, but not glomerulopathy. Analysis of frozen tissues using monoclonal antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated that most infiltrating cells were T cells (OKT3+), the majority of which reacted with OKT8. In contrast, tissues obtained from one individual prior to CMV infection, from individuals with end-stage kidney disease, and from normal renal donors revealed either balanced proportions of OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells or a preponderance of the former. Thus, CMV infection may be associated with interstitial nephritis involving a characteristic subpopulation of T cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Spontaneous interstitial nephritis in kdkd mice. II. Characterization of a tubular antigen-specific, H-2K-restricted Lyt-2+ effector T cell that mediates destructive tubulointerstitial injury.

In this report, we have examined the effector T cell repertoire in the spontaneous interstitial nephritis of kdkd mice. Lymph node cells from nephritic kdkd mice are capable of transferring this disease into thymectomized, irradiated, and bone marrow-reconstituted CBA/Ca recipients. CBA/Ca mice do not spontaneously develop interstitial nephritis and are normally resistant to the adoptive transfer of nephritic cells, a resistance that in the short term can be attenuated with low-dose cyclophosphamide. We therefore used delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and direct transfer of immune cells under the renal capsule to characterize nephritogenic effector cells from kdkd donor mice. Lyt-2+, L3T4- T cells from the peripheral lymphoid organs of nephritic kdkd mice, after adoptive transfer into cyclophosphamide-pretreated CBA/Ca recipients, mediate an antigen-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity response to renal tubular basement membrane antigens. These cells are restricted by gene products in H-2Kk; they are also present in nephritic, but not in control kidneys. We have also observed this same phenotypic subpopulation of kdkd lymphocytes mediate a destructive interstitial renal lesion within 7 days of being placed under the kidney capsule of CBA/Ca mice. These findings suggest that T lymphocytes reactive to a parenchymal tubular antigen are of substantial importance in the development of spontaneous interstitial nephritis in kdkd mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[A case of acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome].

We report herein the case of a 14-year-old female who has acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis (AIN) associated with bilateral diffuse uveitis. She was admitted for the evaluation of "proteinuria", following general fatigue and weight loss about 2 weeks ago. Her laboratory data showed mild anemia, hyper gamma-globulinemia, mild proteinuria, and the reduced glomerular filtration rate with the increased urinary excretion of beta 2-microglobulin. The histological examination obtained by renal biopsy showed mild edema and diffuse infiltration of mononuclear cells in interstitium without any glomerular or vascular abnormalities, which were compatible with AIN. As for the etiology of AIN, clinical investigations could not reveal any specific causes, such as bacterial and viral infections, drugs and systemic diseases. About 4 months after the onset of nephritis, she also became to suffer from bilateral diffuse uveitis. Therefore, the diagnosis of the acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (TINU syndrome) (Vanhaesebrouck et al., 1985) could be confirmed. In her clinical course, it was noteworthy that uveitis relapsed frequently in spite of systemic administration of prednisolone, and it took two years until uveitis cured, whereas the AIN subsided spontaneously prior to the specific treatment. In this case, characteristic findings of granulomatous uveitis was closely similar to those of sarcoidosis, which has been rarely reported in TINU syndrome. In this respect, the involvement of immune processes, especially cell-mediated, was suggested as the possible pathogenesis in this case.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis in a dog after halothane anaesthesia and administration of flunixin meglumine and trimethoprim-sulphadiazine.

Acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis was diagnosed post mortem when a dog died four days after surgery for a femoral head resection. Possible causative factors associated with halothane anaesthesia, flunixin meglumine analgesia and prophylactic antibiotic therapy with trimethoprim-sulphadiazine are discussed. It is concluded that death was due to renal failure associated with tubulo-interstitial nephritis as a result of a combination of ischaemic and toxic events.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed2005

Acute granulomatous interstitial nephritis secondary to bisphosphonate alendronate sodium.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the Western world and is characterized by a progressive accumulation of functionally incompetent monoclonal lymphocytes. Renal involvement has been described in CLL but is uncommon. Granulomatous interstitial nephritis is a rare but characteristic hallmark of certain diseases such as sarcoidosis and tuberculosis. These epithelial reactions have also been reported with medications, infections, inflammation, Wegener's granulomatosis, and jejunoileal bypass. We present a 74-year-old woman with a stage 0 chronic lymphocytic leukemia who developed acute renal failure following the initiation of alendronate. The renal biopsy revealed an acute granulomatous interstitial nephritis. Infectious and inflammatory etiologies were ruled out. Hemodialysis was required despite discontinuation of all medications. Partial recovery of renal function occurred after 6 weeks of prednisone therapy and cyclophosphamide. This report describes a unique case of acute granulomatous interstitial nephritis and leukemic cell kidney infiltration by CLL.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Acute granulomatous interstitial nephritis due to co-trimoxazole.

A 51-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and mild hypertension developed acute interstitial nephritis 4 days after starting a course of co-trimoxazole for bronchopneumonia. Following initial symptoms of overt hypersensitivity, he developed azotemia and renal tubular dysfunction with malaise and anorexia requiring hospitalization. Renal pathology demonstrated an acute granulomatous interstitial nephritis superimposed on chronic diabetic renal disease.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1984

Acute interstitial nephritis in childhood.

Three children aged 11 to 14 years with acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) are presented. In one patient AIN developed following antibiotic treatment with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). In two patients no infection, drug, or toxin could be implicated. Severe polyuric renal failure without elevation of blood pressure was the predominant clinical feature. Uveitis occurred either simultaneously with the nephritic symptoms or several weeks after complete recovery of renal function. Renal functions were characteristically altered and led to suspicion of AIN even prior to renal biopsy. Renal plasma flow was relatively more reduced than glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with an accordingly increased filtration fraction. Quantitative evaluation of selective tubular functions revealed significant transport deficiencies for glucose, amino acids, inorganic phosphate and low molecular weight proteins. In two patients GFR increased rapidly following initiation of steroid treatment and tubular symptoms simultaneously disappeared. In one patient spontaneous remission occurred. We conclude that--in contrast to adults--the prognosis of AIN in childhood is favorable. Although general clinical features are rather nonspecific, symptoms of decreased tubular reabsorption ability provide a good indication of the diagnosis and may contribute to enhanced recognition of this disease.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1980

Immunologically induced tubulo-interstitial nephritis: experimental models in rats.

Experimental models of immunologically induced tubulo-interstitial nephritis (TIN) in rats are described. Antitubular basement membrane (anti-TBM) nephritis was demonstrated to be a TIN resulting from an antigen antibody reaction. Renal transplant rejection and the local graft-vs-host (GVH) reaction were cell-mediated immune reactions in which the antigen was possibly shared by kidney structures. A cellular immune reaction to locally applied antigens was shown to be the basis for another experimental model of TIN, possibly originating from activated mediator systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Acute interstitial nephritis following ampicillin hypersensitivity.

A case of acute anuric renal failure following hypersensitivity to ampicillin is presented. Renal biopsy showed severe interstitial nephritis. Treatment with prednisolone and heparin, together with supportive measures and peritoneal dialysis, was followed by rapid recovery of renal function. It is concluded that hypersensitivity to ampicillin can cause acute interstitial nephritis, analogous to that seen with penicillin and methicillin.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis leading to acute renal failure following multiple hornet stings.

BACKGROUND: Hornet stings are generally associated with local and occasionally anaphylactic reactions. Rarely systemic complications like acute renal failure can occur following multiple stings. Renal failure is usually due to development of acute tubular necrosis as a result of intravascular haemolysis, rhabdomyolysis or shock. Rarely it can be following development of acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a young male, who was stung on face, head, shoulders and upper limbs by multiple hornets (Vespa orientalis). He developed acute renal failure as a result of acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis and responded to steroids. CONCLUSION: Rare causes of acute renal failure like tubulo-interstitial nephritis should be considered in a patient with persistent oliguria and azotemia following multiple hornet stings. Renal biopsy should be undertaken early, as institution of steroid therapy may help in recovery of renal function.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Infectious agents identified in pigs with multifocal interstitial nephritis at slaughter.

One kidney was taken from each of 100 pigs at slaughter; 50 had gross lesions of multifocal interstitial nephritis and 50 had no gross lesions. Forty-nine of the affected kidneys had lesions that were characterised by the presence of either a few randomly distributed or numerous widely disseminated pale foci, 1 to 3 mm in diameter, on the cortical surface (white-dotted kidneys). Microscopically, these focal inflammatory lesions often had a distinct lymphofollicular pattern (follicular nephritis). Lesions of chronic vasculitis were observed in 21 of the affected kidneys. Histologically, the control kidneys had only small and sparse inflammatory foci. Standard bacterial cultures of kidneys of both groups were not significant, and cultures for the isolation of leptospires were all negative. Virological examination of the kidney homogenates by PCR did not reveal any porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and only a few cases were positive for the porcine circovirus type 1. However, porcine parvovirus (PPV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) were detected in many kidneys of both groups but in a significantly higher proportion of the kidneys with interstitial nephritis. There was a significant association between the lesions and the presence of PPV and PCV-2 with odds ratios of 7.5 (P<0.0001) and 3.4 (P=0.0074), respectively, and the odds ratio increased to 22.7 (P<0.0001) when both viruses were identified in the same kidney. However, a subsample of kidneys taken from both groups were negative by immunohistochemistry for the presence of PPV and PCV-2 antigens.

Animals↗