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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Regulation of ischemic muscle metabolism in peripheral arterial occlusive disease].

A review of metabolic pathways is presented, which are involved in muscular energy production during hypoxia according to recent experimental findings. By means of own exercise examinations the course of reactions providing ATP anaerobically in the muscles of limbs with poor circulation is analysed. Therefore, the arteriovenous differences in the concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, ammonia, hypoxanthine and alanine in the femoral blood of patients with stage II AOD were determined. In addition, the intracellular phosphorus compounds ATP, PCr and Pi as well as the tissue pH were measured noninvasively in the calf muscles using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results give evidence for marked activation of the creatine kinase reaction, of glycolysis, of the myokinase reaction and of the purine nucleotide cycle in the ischaemic musculature at loads of short duration, which are in total sufficient to maintain the concentration of ATP even during claudication pain. In spite of salvage pathways like alanine formation, the end products of these "emergency reactions", Pi, H+ and NH4+, accumulate and exert deleterious cytotoxic effects, which are thought to be responsible for rapid muscle fatigue and claudication pain in PAOD.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1987

[Determination of the neurotoxic esterase in neurologic pathology of toxic origin. Measurement in human lymphocytes in poisoning by organophosphates, ciguatera and ethyl alcohol].

Lymphocytic NTE activity was measured after intoxication by organo phosphorus compounds and in chronic alcoholics at the beginning of alcohol withdrawal. The results showed a rapid fall in lymphocytic NTE activity; neuropathy developed when the inhibition was 75 p. 100 or more. In chronic alcoholics, the fall in NTE activity is a new concept which must be taken into account when considering the causal factors of neurotoxicity in exposed professions and in patients taking potentially neurotoxic drugs. The NTE may be a useful parameter to demonstrate the toxic origin of chronic neuropathies, especially those caused by drugs. The capacity for lymphocytic NTE activity to return to normal seems to be different in acute, compared with chronic, intoxications.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Raman microprobe studies of two mineralizing tissues: enamel of the rat incisor and the embryonic chick tibia.

The laser-Raman microprobe developed at the National Bureau of Standards has been applied to the study of the mineralization process in rat incisor enamel and embryonic chick tibia. Cryostat sections were prepared from fresh frozen tissues and allowed to air dry. In these mineralizing tissues two forms of phosphorus compounds have been observed: (1) an inorganic phase identified as apatitic phosphate and (2) an organic phosphate. The distribution of these components from the mineralizing front to regions of higher mineralization has been determined with a spatial resolution of approximately 15 micrometer. The studies suggest the existence of a carbonate, with a Raman band corresponding to that of the mineral huntite, Mg3Ca(CO3)4, and found in regions of low phosphate mineral content.

Amelogenesis↗
PubMed1984

Mefodiy Romanowski. Biological and medical researcher 1868-1911. An episode in the fight against tuberculosis.

Mefodiy Romanowski, a country doctor in tsarist Ukraine, developed a perspicacious interest in cell biology as a basic requirement for the study of physiology and pathology. He went on to characterize tuberculosis as a disease whose pathogens disrupted the phospho-proteins of the cell nucleus. This led to his concocting a melange of acidic phosphorus compounds, under the trade name Phosphacid, as a remedy (to be injected subcutaneously). He and others claimed a measure of success for the treatment; it was approved by the Russian Council of Physicians; and despite revolution and war it enjoyed esteem in Eastern Europe for over three decades after Romanowski's early death in 1911. Its last known manufactory, in Warsaw, was destroyed during the 1944 Uprising.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphofunctional characteristics of the development of strains of Fusidium coccineum differing in antibiotic activity in stab cultivation].

The object of the work was to study the morphological and functional characteristics of Fusidium coccineum strains producing fusidic acid and differing in the antibiotic activity. The high metabolic activity of the culture is accompanied by the following morphological characteristics: the cells are rich in ribosomes and mitochondria, they have early vacuolisation, are filled with lipid granules, and then the mycelium undergoes autolysis. As strains with a high activity grow, the structure of the cells changes, the number of ribosomes and mitochondria falls down, and the latter are destroyed. For a long time, the cells contain electron-dense granular structures limited with the membrane and capable of transformation into lipid granules and membranous structures. As was shown by cytochemical studies, the structures have not merely proteins and lipids, but also phosphorus compounds. Their functional role in the fungal metabolism is discussed. As soon as super-synthesis of fusidic acid commences, the cells of the highly active strains are filled with lipid granules associated possibly with the steroid antibiotic. These formations are released from the cell during local lysis of the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1982

[Bone scintigraphy and diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis in migrant workers. Study of a series of 50 scintigraphies].

Bone scintigraphy with 99 m technetium labelled phosphorus compounds was achieved in 50 west Africans migrant workers in Paris. Bone and joint tuberculosis was assumed in 20 cases. In 5 of these 20 cases, bone scan, but not X-Ray, showed abnormalities, and in 4, bone scan disclosed more localisations than X-Rays. In 7 cases, yet, bone scan was normal, with major osteolytic X-Rays lesions in 3 cases, minor in 2 cases, and isolated cold abscesses in two more cases: these means 7 false-negative results. Among the 30 other cases, 29 were considered as mechanical vertebral pathology, and 1 sacro-iliitis Brucellosis. Bone scan was normal in 28 cases the 2 others are unexplained false-positive. Although non-specific and not completely reliable, we think that bone-scanning is useful in bone-tuberculosis check-up, especially to obtain early diagnosis and detect multifocal localisations.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Significance of kidney and urinary tract abnormalities detected during bone scintiscans (author's transl)].

The kidneys and the bladder are regularly visible when bone scintiscans are performed during 99mTc-labelled phosphorus compounds, and abnormalities in the distribution of local activities within these organs are not uncommonly detected. The authors were able to compare such abnormalities with clinical, laboratory and X-ray data in 139 out of 1980 cases of bone scintiscan. In 84% of the cases the pathological image was associated with an established renal or urinary disease and was indeed often responsible for its unexpected discovery. Urinary tract abnormalities detected on bone scintigrams therefore deserve to be taken into consideration and should be confirmed by appropriate investigations.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1995

[Improvement of highly reproducible technique of four-vessel occlusion model and its study on metabolic changes of cerebral reperfusion in rats].

The four-vessel occlusion method introduced by Pulsinelli et al is widely used as an experimental model for reversible forebrain ischemia in rats. However, this model has a major problem in the difficulty assuring complete occlusion of the vertebral arteries by electrocauterization through the alar foramina of the first cervical vertebra. Anatomical basis of the vertebral artery suggested by Sugio et al indicates that the vertebral artery at the level of the second cervical vertebral is visible. In this study, we further developed highly reproducible model of reversible forebrain ischemia, which is modified four-vessel occlusion in rats. Male Wistar rats were subjected to four-vessel occlusion. Under microscope the visible vertebral arteries at the second vertebra could be easily electrocauterized and completely cut by microscissors to yield complete cessation of circulation of bilateral vertebral arteries without failure. After 24 hours, animals were subjected to 15, 30 and 45 minutes of forebrain ischemia by occluding both common carotid arteries with Sugita's temporary clips. 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) were obtained with a 6.3-T spectrometer to investigate sequential change of the in vivo brain energy metabolism. Our studies indicated that high energy phosphorus compounds were reduced in a few minutes after the induction of the forebrain ischemia, and they returned to the normal level after the recirculation. In addition, we monitored electroencephalogram (EEG) during the whole experimental period. The EEG showed a flat pattern after the induction of ischemia, and EEG recovered normal pattern within 12 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Struvite stone dietetics: 1. Effect of different feed rations on the urine pH value of cats].

In this investigation the base excess of cat foods (sum of alkalogenic compounds calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium minus sum of acidifying compounds phosphorus, chloride, methionine and cysteine; base excess in mmol/kg dry matter = Ca*2+Mg*2+Na+K-(met(-)+cys)*2-P*2-Cl) as a method of predicting the influence of food on the urinary pH was tested. The base excess and the effect on urinary pH (feeding experiment with 4 to 6 adult cats per trial) was determined in 10 commercial cat foods (3 moist, 3 dry type foods, 4 struvite diets) as well as the influence of several additives (CaCl2, CaCO3, Ca-lactate, CaHPO4, phosphoric acid in 2 doses, NH4Cl, ascorbic acid). After the intake of commercial cat foods the mean urine pH ranged between 6.58 and 7.89, after the intake of struvite diets it ranged between 6.36 and 7.57. The addition of Ca-carbonate or -lactate led to a significant increase of urine pH, Ca-phosphate and ascorbic acid had no effect, while Ca-Chloride, phosphoric acid and ammonium chloride led to a decrease. There was a highly significant correlation between the base excess in the food (x; mmol/kg dry matter) and the mean urine pH (y; y = 6.72 + 0.0021 x; r = 0.96**).

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1998

Formation of Cage Compounds Containing Boron, Phosphorus, and Transition Metal Atoms.

The 1:1 reactions with (R(3)P)(2)MCl(2) (M = Ni, Pd, and Pt) have been surveyed, and bicyclic cage compounds containing boron, phosphorus and transition metal (Ni, Pd, or Pt) atoms have been isolated and characterized. The molecular structures of the species (Et(3)P)(2)Pd(PBN(i)Pr(2))(2) (2), (Et(3)P)(2)Pd(PBtmp)(2) (3), and (Et(3)P)(2)Pt(PBN(i)Pr(2))(2) (4) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. 2 crystallized in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 20.212(4) Å, b = 10.225(1) Å, c = 17.460(2) Å, beta = 107.72(1) degrees, and Z = 4. 3 crystallized in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with a = 12.606(1) Å, b = 12.618(1) Å, c = 24.221(3) Å, and Z = 4. 4 crystallized in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 20.195(3) Å, b = 10.187(2) Å, c = 17.280(2) Å, beta = 107.53(7) degrees, and Z = 4. The spectroscopic and structural features of the new cage compounds are discussed in relation to their main group element cage analogs.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Flame photometric detector for thin-layer chromatography.

A new flame photometric detector for thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was studied to determine sulfur and phosphorus containing compounds in materials with a high boiling point. The detector was integrated with a flame ionization detector into the Iatroscan TLC-flame ionization detection analyzer. The principle of the detector is based on the photometric detection of flame emission of heteroatom in a hydrogen-air flame. The emission spectra of sulfur and phosphorus were measured using dibenzothiophene (DT) and phosphoric acid as source materials. Interference filters of 394 and 526 nm were chosen for spectral isolation of the sulfur and phosphorus emissions. The effects of variation in air flow-rate and scan speed as related to both sulfur and phosphorus compounds were studied in order to define optimum detection conditions. The best result for the detection of DT as a sulfur compound was obtained under combined hydrogen and air flow-rates of 160 and 500 ml/min, respectively, with a scan speed of 30 s/rod. The response to DT was linear in the range of 0.25-4 microg. On the other hand, the most suitable conditions for detecting phosphatidylcholine (PC) as a phosphorus compound were combined hydrogen and air flow-rates of 160 and 1500 ml/min, respectively, with a scan speed of 40 s/rod. The response to PC was linear in the range of 0.25-16 microg. Application of the instrument with selective detection of sulfur and phosphorus compounds was demonstrated using heavy oils and human serum lipids.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed2004

Sediment treatment with a nitrate-storing compound to reduce phosphorus release.

The application of Fe(III), in combination with sediment oxidation by NO(3)(-), is an accepted procedure to manage stratified eutrophic lakes by controlling the phosphorus release from sediments into overlying water. Depox(R), a newly developed compound, consisting of Fe(III) and NO(3)(-), has a storage effect for NO(3)(-). NO(3)(-) is released slowly, hence the disadvantageous high solubility of NO(3)(-) in water can be retarded. The compound was added to water as a suspension which quickly flocculated and precipitated. Within 3 weeks, NO(3)(-) was desorbed from the Depox(R) compound in deionized water. After application in lakes, the NO(3)(-) availability on the sediment surface was prolonged for 2 months. After treatment, P release from the sediment and microbial metabolism were investigated under laboratory conditions as well as in the mesocosm. P release was almost stopped in both cases during the experiment. SO(4)(2-) consumption was significantly lower after Depox(R) addition, and CH(4) production was completely suppressed by Depox(R) treatment in the laboratory, whereas in the enclosures SO(4)(2-) and also CH(4) concentrations at the sediment water interface did not change significantly between treated enclosures and controls.

Cations↗
PubMed2002

A novel type of formation of zwitterionic compounds, containing two phosphorus atoms of opposite charge and different coordination number.

The oxidation of bis[bis(dialkylamino)phosphinyl]methane 1 with 5,5,5-trifluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)penta-3-en-2-one 2 unexpectedly gave zwitterionic compound 7 which according to X-ray analysis contains two phosphorus atoms of opposite charge and different coordination number (lambda 4P(+); lambda 6P(-)) with a direct P-H bond at the hexacordinated phosphorus.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1976

Technetium-99m labeled agents for skeletal imaging.

Technetium-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals are the currently accepted agents of choice for skeletal imaging. Their introduction in 1971 literally initiated a new era in clinical bone scanning. The development of techniques for reducing Tc(VII) with Sn(II) provided the means for complexing this useful radionuclide with various phosphorus-containing compounds which were already known to be avid bone seekers. Long chain polyphosphates were widely used at first, but have been superceded by pyrophosphate and its organic analogs, the diphosphonates. Pyrophosphate is characterized chemically by P--O--P bonds, and the diphosphonates by P--C--P bonds. The chemical forms of their complexes with tin and technetium are not known, but they behave in many respects as weak chelates. Labeling efficiencies for 99mTc of 95% or better are routinely obtainable with both "in house" preparations and commercial kits. Proper molar concentrations and ratios of phosphorus-compound to tin are necessary for both for good labeling and to achieve optimum tissue distribution. Unreacted TcO4- and reduced unbound 99mTc are both potential contaminants in these preparations and must be considered in radiochemical quality control. In vivo tissue distribution and kinetics of the 99mTc-Sn-phosphorus compounds differ with details of preparation, category of agent, and clinical status of the patient. Blood clearance is multi-exponential, with skeletal uptake and urinary clearance accounting for most of the activity. Scanning may be started in 2 1/2 to 4 hr, at which time skeletal activity is on the order of 40 to 50% of the injected dose. The primary indication for bone scanning remains the detection of metastases from extraskeletal malignancies, and the 99mTc labeled agents are more sensitive than either radiographs or Fluorine-18 for demonstrating active lesions. In addition, many new applications in evaluating benign bone disease have widened the clinical scope of skeletal imaging which is rapidly becoming one of the most important studies in nuclear medicine.

Bone Diseases↗