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PubMed1991

Ghana social mobilization analysis.

In order to increase communication channels for child survival and development, the government and UNICEF Ghana undertook a "social mobilization analysis." This analysis included three studies that aimed to identify individuals and existing organizations with the potential to serve as health communicators and to determine the type of assistance that they needed to maximize their effectiveness in this role. The first study surveyed governmental institutions, trade unions, revolutionary organizations, traditional leaders, and others and found a largely untapped reservoir of capacities to promote child health, with varying levels of current involvement. The primary need identified was for information and training materials. The second study focused on the mass media and revealed a low coverage of maternal and child health topics and the need for better cooperation between journalists and health professionals. The third study assessed sources of health information for parents and found several sources, such as religious organizations, women's groups, and school teachers that could be mobilized to promote child health. Recommendations are made for the use of the findings.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2004

Journalists' knowledge of AIDS and attitude to persons living with HIV in Ibadan, Nigeria.

This study surveyed 254 journalists from the seven media organisations in Ibadan, Nigeria, to assess their knowledge of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), attitude to persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWA) and reports of AIDS-related issues. The journalists' overall mean AIDS knowledge score was 10.6 out of 14 points. About one third (29%) believed that the bite of a mosquito could transmit HIV and 28% thought that AIDS could be cured if detected early. Although 75.2% agreed that the rights of PLWAs to employment should be protected, 49.6% believed AIDS patients should be detained in hospital to prevent the spread of HIV. About a quarter (25.2%) had received training about HIV/AIDS, while 74.8% had not. The majority (65.4%) had never written any report on HIV/AIDS-related issues, while 35.6% had done so. Journalists in Ibadan do not have adequate knowledge of AIDS, and many of them show negative attitude to PLWAs, thus undermining their potential ability to educate the public about AIDS. Advocacy and training workshops are recommended to address this problem.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The "canary incident" in W.C. Field's 1928 Earl Carroll's vanities stage dental skit.

W.C. Fields (1880-1946), a gifted writer, director and performer, became one of the greatest comedians, jugglers and pantomimes of all time. This crusty, opinionated curmudgeon, whose multifaceted career spanned most of the 20th century, made his name in burlesque, vaudeville, the legitimate stage, silent pictures, talkies, radio, books and recordings. 1-3 He died before a new media -- television - could have brought him even more success. The following article explores a fascinating incident which occurred in the 1928 New York Vanities production on Broadway. A highly popular dental skit written by Fields and entitled "An Episode at the Dentist's," involved the controversial, on-stage employment of a live canary. Documented here are the findings and out come of a legal hearing in which Fields was accused of "cruelty to a canary."

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed2005

Reactions of Indian adolescents to the 9/11 terrorist attacks.

OBJECTIVE: There is information about the impact of disasters and trauma on children, but little is known about the effects of terrorism particularly in India. (i) To assess the knowledge of the 9/11 terrorist attacks to the school going adolescents of India who were miles away from the actual incident. (ii) To compare the reactions to this event among the boys and girls. METHODS: The study used a survey design with a self-report questionnaire administered to 406 students in 6 schools of standards 9-12. The questionnaire was administered within 3 weeks of occurrence of this event. The mean age of the subjects was 16.34 years (SD= 1.22; range= 13-20) and 44.1% were boys. RESULTS: All the students were aware about this event. Awareness that the twin towers were hit was in 81.06 but only 51.94% knew that Pentagon was also hit. All the children knew who the prime suspect was although only 12.62% were aware about the country to which he belonged. The source of knowledge of the events was the television in 74.7% of the adolescents and 17.95% of them viewed foreign news channels additionally to the Indian channels to gather details about the event. Newspaper, radio and internet were the sources of information in 44.17%, 3.4% and 3.5% children respectively. Of the adolescents who gathered information from the television, 84.7% agreed that there had been an increase in their TV viewing time since the event and it was more than one hour per day in 47.5% of them. None of the students supported the terrorist attacks. The number of students with negative stressors was significantly more than the ones who were unaffected (p 0.0001). The girls were significantly more affected than the boys and while the former expressed anger the latter were more fearful and sad. (p 0.05) The idea of USA going for war against Afghanistan was supported by 69.4% and one third of them believed that such an event might adversely affect India. The adolescents who had witnessed the events on television were more fearful and shocked than the ones who read about the event in the print media (p 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the adverse reactions in the minds of adolescents in India to terrorist events even though they did not directly witness the events of September 11,2001. The role of media exposure in causing stress is also revealed. Pediatricians should be aware of the adverse effects of terrorism in the minds of the children and should be able to identify and help those who are in need.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Sporting hero launches Australian "Men Too" campaign.

Top Australian rugby league captain Wally Lewis last month launched a "Men Too" campaign for the Family Planning Association (FPA) in Queensland, Australia. The campaign has been based very closely on Britain's, using a great deal of material from the United Kingdom FPA. Several radio spots have also been produced, and are currently being broadcast on all the commercial stations in community service spots. Future plans include a 30-second television commercial, and the use of the Brisbane Bullets, a popular basketball team, to promote the "male involvement" theme.

Australia↗
PubMed2006

Children and violence.

In this "information era" it can no longer be said that children are being raised in Eden or in a gentle environment of kindness and love. However rural their home, children will undoubtedly see depictions of violence on television, in the movies, or in newspapers, or hear about it on the radio or while at school or on classroom computers. All children require safety education in order to learn how to protect themselves from harm at home, at school, or in the neighborhood. This article outlines how violence may impact today's children who seek medical care.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The educating and informing of the population on HIV/AIDS problems in the Republic of Byelarus].

Data on the spread of knowledge and information among the population of the Republic of Belarus, mainly young people aged 14-20 years as the most susceptible group, are presented. Sociological questioning carried out among students of institutions of higher education indicated that 91% of them did not admit the possibility of getting HIV infection; the majority of students of technical and high schools denied the role of casual sexual relations in the spread of HIV infection. The questioning revealed that the main source of information was television for 83.5% of the questioned students, newspapers and magazines for 82.9% and radio for 35%. The sociological study made it possible to lay special emphasis on educational institutions in the work on the information and education of the population. Programs, recommendations and other information materials on the problem of the prophylaxis of HIV/AIDS were developed. Information is provided in educational institutions during classes and non-class work. Institutions of culture also play their due role in providing better information to young people. The Centre issued 26 video reels, 2 films and 3 audio reels.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Knowledge about cancer in West Bengal - a pilot survey.

A pilot survey was conducted based on 900 respondents of the population of West Bengal to assess their level of awareness regarding cancer with the aim of estimating associations between response variables (knowledge about cancer) and predictor variables (age, sex, level of education). The data of the pilot survey revealed that 98% of the respondents had heard of the disease 'Cancer'. Unfortunately only 35% of the respondents were aware of the 7-danger signals (i.e. the primary symptoms of cancer) as defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO). None of the respondents knew all 7-primary symptoms of cancer and the majority (about 88%) knew only one or two (mainly tumour lumps and ulcers). Only 44.67% were aware of the major risk factors (like smoking and tobacco chewing). The percentage of the respondents believing that most cancers are curable in early stages was 58%. Some of the respondents (21%) expressed the vague idea that cancer is a infectious disease which is creating a problem of isolation from the family/society with some unfortunate cancer patients. Over 11% of the respondents suggested that a cancer diagnosis should be kept secret from neighbours due to some social stigma like problems with daughters' marriage. Only 8% had experienced any cancer awareness programme conducted by any organisation, only 37% had listened to any cancer awareness programme conducted by the All India Radio, only 36% had seen any cancer awareness programme conducted by Doordarsan/ private Television channels, only 34% had read cancer awareness articles in the newspapers/magazines and only 13% had seen posters/hoardings regarding cancer awareness. The results thus revealed a huge lack regarding cancer awareness in the region. Most of the respondents (68%) expressed a wish for starting cancer awareness programmes. From the Pilot Survey it has been found that the average Knowledge Index of the respondents is 58+ 1.7 irrespective of the socio-economic and personal status. On testing of associations, there was no statistically significant association of the Knowledge Index with the domicile status (rural or urban), sex, occupation and religion of the respondents. However, statistically significant links were evident with the level of education (p=0.00001), social participation (p=0.00004) and income (p=0.00013) of the respondents.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1980

Promoting the use of seat belts. Wessex Positive Health Team.

A six-month study into the effect of a substantial programme of integrated health education promoting the use of seat belts showed no major change in the rates for occupants of front seats, which remained around 35%. Though there were increases of up to 5% in the rates for wearing seat belts immediately after the multimedia campaigns which achieved high penetration, only those among women drivers were sustained. Of the methods used to disseminate information, television had the greatest impact on the community, followed by press reports and radio broadcasts. It is concluded that health education alone is insufficient to increase significantly the use of car seat belts. Britain should follow its European partners and pass legislation requiring front seat occupants to wear belts. As the recent experience in Australia shows, the benefits will be considerable in terms of reducing mortality, morbidity, and consequential expenditure.

Advertising↗
PubMed2005

Video killed the radio star: the effects of music videos on adolescent health.

Since its inception half a century ago, rock and roll has been the music of youth and rebellion, of freedom, and of idealism. Popular music has been a reflection of, and inspiration for, youth movements, fads, and lifestyles that can include health risk behaviors, such as sex, drugs, and interpersonal violence. This article summarizes the health-related content of music videos, and discusses associations between music videos and adolescent health risks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Cardiovascular risk in operators under radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation.

The aim of the study was to assess the long-term effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on the cardiovascular system. Two groups of exposed operators (49 broadcasting (BC) station and 61 TV station operators) and a control group of 110 radiorelay station operators, matched by sex and age, with similar job characteristics except for the radiofrequency EMR were studied. The EMR exposure was assessed and the time-weighted average (TWA) was calculated. The cardiovascular risk factors arterial pressure, lipid profile, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, smoking, and family history of cardiovascular disease were followed. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly higher in the two exposed groups. It was found that the radiofrequency EMR exposure was associated with greater chance of becoming hypertensive and dyslipidemic. The stepwise multiple regression equations showed that the SBP and TWA predicted the high TC and high LDL-C, while the TC, age and abdominal obesity were predictors for high SBP and DBP. In conclusion, our data show that the radiofrequency EMR contributes to adverse effects on the cardiovascular system.

Adult↗