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PubMed2001

Abbreviated report of the WHO Western Pacific Region Workshop on National Plans of Action for Nutrition: key elements for success, constraints and future plans.

A workshop on National Plans of Action for Nutrition: Constraints, Key Elements for Success, and Future Plans was convened and organized by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific in collaboration with the Institute for Medical Research Malaysia and co-sponsored with FAO and UNICEF from 25-29 October 1999. It was attended by representatives of 25 countries in the region and resource persons, representatives from WHO and other international agencies. The objectives of the workshop were to review the progress of countries in developing, implementing and monitoring national plans of action for nutrition (NPANs) in the Western Pacific Region and to identify constraints and key elements of success in these efforts. Most of the countries have NPANs, either approved and implemented or awaiting official endorsement. The Plan formulation is usually multisectotal, involving several government ministries, non-governmental organizations, and international agencies. Often official adoption or endorsement of the Plan comes from the head of state and cabinet or the minister of health, one to six years from the start of its formulation. The NPAN has stimulated support for the development and implementation of nutrition projects and activities, with comparatively greater involvement of and more support from government ministries, UN agencies and non-governmental agencies compared to local communities, bilateral and private sectors and research and academic institutions. Monitoring and evaluation are important components of NPANs. They are, however, not given high priority and often not built into the plan. The role of an intersectoral coordinating body is considered crucial to a country's nutrition program. Most countries have an intersectoral structure or coordinating body to ensure the proper implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The workshop identified the constraints and key elements of success in each of the four stages of the NPAN process: development, operationalization, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Constraints to the NPAN process relate to the political and socioeconomic environment, resource scarcity, control and management processes, and factors related to sustainability. The group's review of NPAN identified successful NPANs as those based on recent, adequate and good quality information on the nutritional situation of the country, and on the selection of strategies, priorities and interventions that are relevant to the country and backed up by adequate resources. Continued high level political commitment, a multisectoral approach, and adequate participation of local communities are other key elements for success. The participants agreed on future actions and support needed from various sources for the further development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The recommendations for future actions were categorized into actions pertaining to countries with working NPAN, actions for countries without working NPAN and actions relevant to all countries. There was also a set of suggested actions at the regional level, such as holding of regular regional NPAN evaluation meetings, inclusion of NPAN on the agenda of regional fora by the regional organizations, and strengthening of regional nutrition networks.

Guideline Adherence↗

PubMed1975

Effect of experimental success and failure on the situational expectancy of EMR and nonretarded children.

The effect of differing histories of success and experimentally induced and failure on the generalized and situational expectancy of EMR and nonretarded children was studied. Three samples of 16 children each served as subjects. The EMR sample was equated with one sample of nonretarded children on the basis of CA and another sample of nonretarded subjects on the basis of MA. Subjects were asked to indicate how well they thought they would do on an experimental task (verbal estimate) and to predict how many out of 8 trials on which they would be successful. Then they were exposed either to experimentally induced success or failure. Subjects were then asked to give a verbal estimate and numerical prediction for a subsequent block of trials. Results failed to support the role of history of success on expectancy; however, the experimentally induced success and failure had a significant effect on both verbal estimates and numerical predictions independent of groups. The results were discussed in terms of social-learning theory, and certain methodological problems in this line of research were noted.

Achievement↗

PubMed2002

Analysis of factors associated with successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation in non-traumatic dead-on-arrival patients in emergency department.

Out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest has a dismal prognosis. Successful resuscitation of these patients depends on the "chain of survival". In Taiwan, the emergency medical services (EMS) system is under development and the links of "chain of survival" are weak and frequently broken. A 2-year retrospective study was conducted from January, 1999, to December, 2000 to evaluate the factors of successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in non-traumatic DOA patients in ED. Of 175 studied patients, 51 patients (29.1%) were successfully resuscitated with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), but only 7 patients (4%) survived to hospital discharge. Most successfully resuscitated patients (84.3%) regained their vital signs within 30 minutes. There were no significant differences in age, sex, vehicle of transportation, administration of prehospital CPR or not, EMS response interval, on-scene duration, and scene-to-hospital interval between patients with ROSC and without ROSC. Compared with asystole cardiac rhythm, patients with pulseless electrical activity (PEA) had a higher successful resuscitation rate (p = 0.001), but no significant differences existed between patients with ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia (VF/VT) and PEA or VF/VT and asystole. However, there were no significant differences in the survival discharge rate among patients with different initial cardiac rhythms in ED.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

A randomized clinical trial of the success rates of bilamellar tarsal rotation and tarsotomy for upper eyelid trachomatous trichiasis.

A randomized clinical trial study was conducted to compare the success rates of two surgical methods: Bilamellar Tarsal Rotation (BTR) and Tarsotomy (Transverse Tarsotomy and lid margin Rotation = TTR) for trachomatous trichiasis of the upper lid; where success was defined as no lash/eyeball contact in all positions of gaze, complete lid closure, no under or over correction. The study was conducted at Minellik II Hospital, Addis Ababa. Two hundred fifty six upper eyelids of 153 patients with entropion/trichiasis related to trachoma were enrolled in the two groups. Patients were randomly allocated for the BTR (124) and TTR (132) procedures. Out of these, 237 (92.6%) came for the third month follow-up. One hundred fifteen (48.5%) lids underwent BTR and the remaining 122 (51.5%) underwent TTR. In total, from 141 patients who came for the last follow up, 109 (77.3%) were females. BTR procedure was found to be successful in 25 (86.2%) of the eyelids with minor trichiasis and 74 (86.0%) of those with major trichiasis; the difference between patients who had had minor and major trichiasis (X2 = 0.08, P = 0.772) was not statistically significant. TTR was successful in 39 (95.1%) of the eyelids with minor trichiasis and 68 (84.0%) of those with major trichiasis, again no statistically significant difference was observed for minor and major trichiasis (X2 = 3.15, P = 0.379). There was no statistically significant difference in recurrence between BTR and TTR (X2 = 0.14, P = 0.711). Complications such as lid-notching, pyogenic granuloma, etc. were observed more in BTR than in TTR and this was statistically significant (X2 = 9.54, P = 0.002). In conclusion, the results show that TTR is equally successful in minor and major trichiasis and has fewer complications than BTR at three months of follow-up.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Neural correlates of successful encoding identified using functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Neural activity that occurs during the creation of a new memory trace can be observed using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Event-related designs have been used to demonstrate that activity in prefrontal and medial temporal lobe areas is associated with successful memory storage. Here we contrasted activity associated with encoding success and encoding effort. Participants viewed a series of 150 words but attempted to remember only half of them. Encoding effort was manipulated using a cue in the form of a letter (R or F) presented after each word to instruct participants either to remember or to forget that word. Increased activity in left inferior prefrontal cortex was observed when words were followed by the cue to remember. In contrast, increased left medial temporal lobe activity was observed for words that were successfully recalled later. These results show that fMRI correlates of the intention to encode a word are different from fMRI correlates of whether that encoding is successful. Prefrontal activation was strongly associated with intentional verbal encoding, whereas left medial temporal activation was crucial for the encoding that actually led to successful memory on the subsequent test.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Preparing tomorrow's leaders through succession planning from the provider perspective.

"We never know.... Fate has a way of showing up at the most inopportune times. We had been planning for Ann's retirement for months. It was going to be a loss. Not only was she a long-term employee and strong manager, she could step in and lead anything. She would be sorely missed. We knew who was going to cover each of her areas of accountability. Sue would take one unit. John would manage the Dialysis Program. We had completed a job analysis, and everything was covered. We had already begun the shifting of accountabilities. September 2 was the big day. We had 3 months to go. Then the big opportunity came. We had been working on the merger for months before it finally happened. There was only one glitch. The culture shift was going to be huge. We needed someone to lead the process. Of course, who could do it better than Ann? She had been leading change for years. She was a master. She had the one skill for which we had no succession plan. We had one person that we could call, and within 3 months she would be gone. We had missed the mark. We had not completed our succession plan." These real-life stories show how critical succession planning can be to an organization. To do it well requires a clear vision of the strategic objectives of the organization, focused development programs, and continuous enrollment of both executives and employees within the organization. Leadership training, learning projects, and creating a coaching environment also are crucial elements of a successful succession plan.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed2003

What neural correlates underlie successful encoding and retrieval? A functional magnetic resonance imaging study using a divided attention paradigm.

If attention is divided during learning, memory suffers. Nevertheless, individuals can learn information with divided attention. This event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study (n = 17) investigated what neural processes support (1) learning with divided attention and (2) retrieval of information learned with divided attention. Participants encoded words (Is the word abstract or concrete?) while performing an auditory discrimination task (press a button whenever an auditory pattern changes). The auditory task was easy or hard, depending on the similarity of the patterns. A behavioral study indicated that detailed ("recollective") information was more likely to be present for words encoded with the easy versus the hard concurrent task. Words encoded with the hard versus the easy concurrent task, in contrast, were more likely to rely on less detailed ("familiarity"-based) information. fMRI revealed encoding-related activation in the left prefrontal cortex (PFC) and left hippocampus that was linked to successful memory formation only for items encoded with the easy task. In contrast, activation in the right PFC and left parahippocampal gyrus was linked to successful memory for all items. Thus, successful encoding with the hard concurrent task was supported by a subset of the regions recruited for successful encoding with the easy task. The neural processes recruited for successful retrieval also depended on the encoding condition: The left PFC was disproportionately recruited for retrieval of items encoded with the easy task, whereas the right PFC was disproportionately recruited for retrieval of items encoded with the hard task. These findings may reflect left-sided specialization for recollective memories and right-sided specialization for familiarity-based traces.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The application of succession analysis in combination with extremely high-frequency irradiation to the selective isolation of actinomycetes from soil].

A new method employing succession analysis and extremely high-frequency (EHF) irradiation is proposed for the selective isolation of actinomycetes from soil. Total actinomycetes were efficiently isolated from soil suspensions irradiated in the wavelength band 4.6-5.8 mm on the 14th and 45th days of succession initiated by soil wetting and from soil suspensions irradiated in the wavelength band 8-11.5 mm on the 7th day of succession. The rare actinomycete genera Actinomadura, Micromonospora, Nonomuraea, Microbispora, Amycolatopsis, Pseudonocardia, Saccharothrix, Streptosporangium, Actinosynnema, Nocardioides, and Saccharopolyspora were isolated by either of the two approaches (succession analysis and EHF irradiation); however, the range of isolated rare actinomycetes was considerably wider when the combination of the two approaches was used. For instance, actinomycetes of the rare genera Actinocorallia, Promicromonospora, Actinoplanes, and Kibdelosporangium were isolated only when EHF irradiation was employed at the early stages of succession.

Actinobacteria↗

PubMed2003

Assessment for personal and professional success.

This article provides two assessment strategies to help dental professionals determine how close they are to achieving total success in their personal life and dental practice. Total success is defined as achieving and balancing success in three categories: physical health, financial health, and emotional health. By rating answers to questions on a scale from 1 to 5, the reader can determine the level of success they have attained in the various areas of their personal life and in their dental practice. This information may be useful in identifying those areas that need improvement to achieve total and balanced success. Interpretation of the scores and strategies to develop those areas requiring improvement are discussed.

Dentists↗

PubMed2001

Preadmission Criteria as Predictors of Academic Success in Entry-Level Athletic Training and Other Allied Health Educational Programs.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate preadmission criteria, Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores, and high school grade point average (HSGPA) and to determine the ability of those criteria to predict the college grade point average (CGPA) of graduates from programs in athletic training and 5 other allied health disciplines. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive data, including age, sex, year of graduation, HSGPA, CGPA, and SAT scores (SAT mathematics [SATM], SAT verbal [SATV], and SAT total) were gathered from the files of graduates (1992 to 1997) of allied health education programs. SUBJECTS: The complete records of 373 graduates (244 women and 129 men) of 6 allied health education programs in athletic training, health management systems, occupational therapy, perfusion technology, physician assistant, and physical therapy were used in this study. Subjects with incomplete files were excluded from this study. MEASUREMENTS: We collected data from official college transcripts, official high school transcripts, and SAT scores reported to the university. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, and stepwise forward regression analyses were used to determine the ability of SATV score, SATM score, and HSGPA to predict CGPA. RESULTS: Both SATV score and HSGPA were found to predict 14% of the variance in student success (CGPA) in all allied health programs; however, only HSGPA was predictive of student success in athletic training (P =.00). Both SATV score and HSGPA were predictive of CGPA in both physical (P =.02 and.03, respectively) and occupational (P =.02 and.00, respectively) therapy graduates; however, they predicted only 12% and 21%, respectively, of the variance in CGPA. The SATM score was predictive of CGPA in both perfusion technology (P =.05) and physician assistant (P =.00) graduates, accounting for 7% and 18% of the variance in outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, HSGPA and SATV score were predictive of student success (CGPA) in the allied health group as a whole and should continue to be used as part of the process of admission in higher education until such time that more predictive criteria are determined. The HSGPA was predictive of CGPA (r(2) = 0.38) in athletic training graduates, predicting more than one third of the professional program success. Athletic training educators should continue to use HSGPA as a predictor of success; however, they may wish to establish similar baseline comparisons between athletic training and other disciplines at their schools before determining the importance of standardized preadmission criteria for future students. This work should be considered a pilot study for the profession of athletic training and should be repeated at individual schools to determine the findings' applicability to other athletic training education programs.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2003

Perioperative factors for predicting successful hysteroscopic endometrial ablation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate factors affecting the success of hysteroscopic endometrial ablation in order to improve patient counseling. STUDY DESIGN: Preoperative patient characteristics (age, parity, uterine length, and presence and location of myomas) and intraoperative factors (intracavitary findings, ablation or resection, and operator) were analyzed. Forty-three women with a uterine size of < or = 10 weeks underwent hysteroscopic endometrial ablation or resection and had a median follow-up of 20 months. All were treated with depot triptorelin, 3.75 mg, 1 month prior to the procedure. Alleviation of menorrhagia and amenorrhea was classified as treatment success. Comparative analyses were made between patients with failed vs. successful procedures and with reduced bleeding vs. those with amenorrhea following surgery. RESULTS: Thirty-seven women (86%) reported a decrease in menstrual flow or amenorrhea. In 6 patients (14%), bleeding persisted or became more severe. There were no statistically significant differences between women who had successful vs. failed procedures with regard to all preoperative and intraoperative parameters analyzed. Patients with amenorrhea were significantly older as compared to women with reduced bleeding (47.5 +/- SD 5.0) vs. 44.0 +/- SD 4.1 years, P = .03. CONCLUSION: Most women with uterine size of < or = 10 weeks may expect alleviation of menorrhagia or amenorrhea after surgery. Apart from age, all other preoparative and intraoperative factors examined had no predictive value for a successful procedure. These data are valuable for proper patient counseling before hysteroscopic endometrial ablation.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Success rate of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To study the success rate of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (VBAC) in pregnant women with prior cesarean scar who delivered at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective descriptive study. SETTING: Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand. SUBJECT: One hundred and seventy-seven pregnant women with one or two prior cesarean deliveries, who attended the antenatal clinic and delivered at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital between January, 2000 and September, 2002 were recruited with written informed consents. INTERVENTION: Systematic non-directive counseling concerning VBAC compared with elective repeated cesarean delivery was given to the pregnant women. Couples freely chose their preferred route of delivery and were informed that they could change their mind at anytime. Subjects attended the high risk antenatal care clinic. Patients who requested repeated cesarean deliveries were scheduled for the operation at 38 weeks of gestation. All VBAC patients were admitted to the labor unit when in labor and were closely monitored. Labor and postpartum information was prospectively recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Success rate of VBAC. RESULT: Of 177 counselled women, 118 chose VBAC, 54 chose repeated cesarean and 5 could not make a decision. Thirty-three of the 177 cases were excluded, leaving 98 in the VBAC group and 46 in the repeated cesarean group. Baseline characteristics of the patients in both groups were not significantly different. Nineteen of the 98 cases were delivered by cesarean section because of obstetric indications (12/19) and changed their minds during the antenatal period (7/19). Forty-three of 79 cases had successful vaginal delivery, and 36 underwent repeated cesarean deliveries due to obstetric indications (19/36) and changed their minds during labor (17/36). The success rate of VBAC after trial of labor was 54.4 per cent (43 in 79). No uterine rupture or serious complication occurred in the present study. CONCLUSION: The attitude for VBAC was 66.7 per cent and the success rate of VBAC after trial of labor was 54.4 per cent in the present series. Several cesarean deliveries could be avoided by the VBAC policy. Unlike other previous reports, the failure rate of VBAC was rather high. This was associated with many factors such as change of mind due to labor pain.

Cesarean Section↗

PubMed2003

[Succession pattern of artificial vegetation community and its ecological mechanism in an arid desert region].

Focusing on the artificial vegetation protection system of the Shapotou section of Baotou-Lanzhou railway in the arid desert region of China, this paper examined the dynamics of dominant plant species and the succession pattern of artificial plant community in the process of establishing and developing regional artificial vegetation. It also studied the driving force and the ecologically intrinsic mechanism of the community succession. The results demonstrated that the species composition of the artificial vegetation dramatically changed after 40 years of succession, from original artificial plant community of shrub and semi-shrub to artificial-natural desert plant community with annual herb dominated. During the process of succession, the importance values of artificial shrubs, such as Caragana korshinskii and Hedysarum scoparius, decreased and gradually retreated from the artificial plant community, while the naturally multiplied annual herb, such as Eragrostis poaeoides, Bassia dasyphylla, Salsola ruthenica, Chloris virgata and etc., were presented one after another and gradually became dominant. Besides, Artemisia ordosica always played a key role in the community due to its ability of naturally sowing and self-replacement. This type of succession pattern was closely related to the shortage of precipitation resource in this region and the formation of soil crust which inhibited the reproduction of shrub and perennial herb with deep root systems. This study provided a theoretical ground for realizing persistent development of artificial plant community.

Desert Climate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Predictors of success in nursing education.

This correlational study was designed to determine if successful completion of the associate degree nursing program and success on the NCLEX-RN were correlated to scores on the Educational Resources, Inc. NET and Pre-RN Examinations. Data were collected from the educational records of the sixty-eight successful graduates from the fall 2001 class. This study found composite scores on the NET and Pre-RN were statistically significant, and were useful in predicting success on the NCLEX-RN. Consistent with the literature, this study found standardized measures and educational records may be useful screening tools for admission to nursing school, to predict success in the nursing program, and the NCLEX-RN. Faculty may utilize these findings in advising students, for developing support services and to assist students in developing an action plan to prepare for the NCLEX-RN. As suggested by sample size and correlations, a replication study was designed.

Accreditation↗

PubMed2003

[Succession of Larix olgensis and Betula platyphlla-marsh ecotone communities in Changbai Mountain].

The succession of communities within the ecotone between forest and marsh in Changbai Mountain was studied to identify the interrelation between the succession of ecotone communities and the mesophytization of the ecotone. The succession regime of the ecotone communities was studies by patch size (the volume of each mound) and age class of different tree species, water transmission from soil to atmosphere through the transpiration of different tree species, and regional climate warming and community succession. The results demonstrated that both patch size and water loss through transpiration were increased with age class. The increased volume of mounds and water loss through transpiration of trees were converted to the raised ground surface level and the lowered ground surface water level. Within 60 years, the ground surface level would be raised by 0.405-0.590 m, depending on the distance to the marsh, and the aboveground water level would be lowered by 1.050-1.442 m. Climate had a great effect on the community dynamics. Community succession and regional climate warming intensified the mesophytization process of forest-marsh ecotone, and the ecotone communities would eventually change into forest communities within a relatively short period.

Betula↗

PubMed2004

[Review of 209 cases of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract and clinical factors for successful endoscopic removal].

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Most of ingested foreign bodies pass through the gastrointestinal tract spontaneously, but some of them (about 20%) need endoscopic or surgical removal. The aims of this study were to characterize the clinical features associated with foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract and to determine the clinical factors for their successful removal by endoscopic techniques. METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively 209 cases of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract at Chonnam National University Hospital between May 1998 and May 2003. RESULTS: Foreign bodies were found in 97.1% (203/209) of the cases during endoscopic procedure. The types were chiefly fish bones (21.2%), coins (14.8%), meats (11.3%), and bezoars (8.9%). The locations were upper esophagus (49.8%), stomach (26.6%), lower esophagus (11.3%), and mid-esophagus (7.4%). Endoscopic removal was successful in 93.1% (189/203) of the cases, and surgical removal was successful in 8/203 (3.9%) of the cases. Age (p=0.015) and short duration of impaction (p=0.015) were the independent factors to predict the successful removal of the foreign bodies by endoscopic techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic removal of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract is an effective and safe procedure. Foreign bodies are more successfully removed by endoscopic techniques in children or in cases of short duration of impaction.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Dynamics of soil fauna communities during succession process of secondary forests in Changbai Mountain].

The secondary succession of forest communities in Changbai Mountain might be divided into three stages, i.e., aggradation, transition, and steady states. The last stage will be arrived after about 100 years. At same time, the succession dynamics of various soil fauna groups were shown as: Saprophagous group was more abundant than other fauna groups, and its change trend was similar to the development of forest vegetation after disturbing; Phytophagous group had a higher amount during the prophase of forest succession, which was decreased with forest succession; the quantity of Carnivorous increased obviously after about 100-years-succession; and the composition of insect groups was that the unstable groups was more abundant when the forest was younger, but less abundant when the forest was older.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Ending the CEO succession crisis.

The CEO succession process is broken. Many companies have no meaningful succession plans, and few of the ones that do are happy with them. CEO tenure is shrinking; in fact, two out of five CEOs fail in their first 18 months. It isn't just that more CEOs are being replaced; it's that they're being replaced badly. The problems extend to every aspect of CEO succession: internal development programs, board supervision, and outside recruitment. While many organizations do a decent job of nurturing middle managers, few have set up the comprehensive programs needed to find the half-dozen true CEO candidates out of the thousands of leaders in their midst. Even more damaging is the failure of boards to devote enough attention to succession. Search committee members often have no experience hiring CEOs; lacking guidance, they supply either the narrowest or the most general of requirements and then fail to vet eitherthe candidates or the recruiters. The result is that too often new CEOs are plucked from the well-worn Rolodexes of a remarkably small number of recruiters. These candidates may be strong in charisma but may lack critical skills or otherwise be a bad fit with the company. The resulting high turnover is particularly damaging, since outside CEOs often bring in their own teams, can cause the company to lose focus, and are especially costly to be rid of. Drawing on over 35 years of experience with CEO succession, the author explains how companies can create a deep pool of internal candidates, how boards can consistently align strategy and leadership development, and how directors can get their money's worth from recruiters. Choosing a CEO should be not one decision but an amalgam ofthousands of decisions made by many people every day over years.

Administrative Personnel↗