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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Feto-neonatal ultrasonography to detect renal abnormalities: evaluation of 1-year screening program.

To determine the accuracy of antenatal renal pelvis measurement as a screening tool for renal anomalies we reviewed the antenatal ultrasounds performed at our institution over 1 year. Renal pelvis dilation was found in 3.8% of pregnancies followed by our obstetrics department. In nine (17.6%) infants renal anomalies were detected after birth, the remaining cases remained unchanged or resolved over a 1-year postnatal follow-up. In our series dilations of less than 10 mm in utero resolved in the first months after birth while dilations greater than 15 mm were all associated with malformations of the genitourinary tract. The choice of the most appropriate follow-up for dilations between 10 and 15 mm remains an issue because these dilations can herald renal anomalies.

Dilatation, Pathologic↗
PubMed1988

A study on the inheritance of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) deficiency from data obtained in 13 families detected by a neonatal screening program.

Thirteen families with thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency, detected through probands screened by the Quebec Network of Genetic Medicine, were investigated. These families were divided into two groups, depending on whether hemizygous males had low or undetectable serum thyroxine-binding globulin levels. Five families belonged to the low (hypo-TBGnemic) type while the remaining 8 families belonged to the absent (a-TBGnemic) type. On pedigree analysis, 10 families satisfied the requirements for an X-linked co-dominant mode of transmission. Three families, 2 a-TBGnemic and 1 hypo-TBGnemic, did not satisfy these requirements and three hypotheses had to be put forward to explain these situations: an autosomal recessive mode of transmission, a spontaneous mutation, or an extreme lyonisation of the defective X. Since the thyroxine-binding globulin gene has been localized to the X-chromosome, the two latter explanations appear to be the most plausible.

Female↗
PubMed1987

[Lead poisoning in the school-aged child: results of a screening program using zinc protoporphyrin].

The results of a zinc-protoporphyrin (ZPP) screening in 1983 among first-grade schoolchildren in Hospitalet de Llobregat (Catalonia, Spain) are presented. Tap water in this industrial city comes from the Llobregat river and is extremely hard, with an excessive level of salts. At this time, Spanish gasoline had high levels of lead. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of environmental pollution on subclinical lead poisoning. These were 428 children in the study, 67% of those eligible. Causes for non participation were being absent from school on the screening day or lack of parental consent for participation in the study. Only in two children levels of ZPP above 40 theta g/100 ml were found; both cases had iron deficiency anemia with low blood lead levels. Mean ZPP levels were somewhat higher in the Collblanc district, which suffers higher air pollution from street traffic, and in children living in houses built before 1940. The relevance and implications of these findings are discussed.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1996

[Costs and effects of alternative screening programs against cervical cancer].

This paper presents a framework for comparison of screening programme designs, based on efficiency and cost effectiveness criteria. Design parameters such as choice of screening interval and which population segments to screen are varied simultaneously. The costs and effects for a range of existing and hypothetical screening programmes for cervical cancer are estimated, using a mathematical simulation model. On the basis of these estimations incremental costs per life year are calculated for a range of programmes. Efficiency and cost effectiveness criteria indicate that extending screening programmes for cervical cancer beyond screening women in the age group 25-59 years every four years may not be optimal.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

MaryPODS revisited: updated crash analysis and implications for screening program implementation.

PROBLEM: Due to the relative scarcity of crashes, there has consistently been a problem with analyses that use crashes as a criterion measure in their analyses. METHOD: Previous analyses of the relationships between functional capacity measures and at-fault crash involvement for older drivers as reported in the NHTSA Model Driver Screening and Evaluation Program Final Technical Report have been updated to include one additional year of driving experience. Eighteen new at-fault crashes involving drivers who previously had no crash involvement were recorded for the Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration (MVA) test sample during this interval. The method of odds ratio (OR) calculation was used to examine the relationships between functional status predictors and the most salient among the safety outcome measures identified in the Maryland research. Peak valid OR values for the prior and current analyses were contrasted, and the stability of candidate pass-fail cut-points for each predictor relative to values identified in the Final Technical Report was examined. RESULTS: Results indicate that the predictive value of functional tests appears to decrease over time, particularly for the perceptual-cognitive measures. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The impact of these findings on programs and policies is to underscore a need for periodic reevaluation, spaced at the shortest practical intervals but not more than 2 years apart, in order for functional capacity screening to be applied effectively by licensing authorities, health care professionals, and others to reduce personal risk and enhance public safety.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2005

Implementation of informed consent for a cystic fibrosis newborn screening program in France: low refusal rates for optional testing.

OBJECTIVES: The French Association for Neonatal Screening implemented cystic fibrosis neonatal screening (CF NBS) region by region in France, from the beginning of the year 2002 to early 2003. The program uses an immunoreactive trypsinogen/DNA testing algorithm on dried blood samples obtained at 3 days of age. Incorporation of DNA testing necessitated compliance with official regulations and French "bioethics" laws: the need for a written consent from the patient/guardian and specific circulation of the prescription, sample, and results. To fulfill these obligations, the Ethics and Genetics committee of the French Association for Neonatal Screening recommended that informed consent should be obtained for all neonates at birth by having the parents sign directly on the sampling paper. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of the educational efforts used to obtain informed consent on acceptance of CF NBS. STUDY DESIGN: Data from the screening center in Lille, France, were analyzed to determine the rate of refusal of CF NBS in the 18 months after initiation of the informed consent process. RESULTS: The number of refusals for CF NBS declined from 0.8% at the start of the program to 0.2% at the end of the first year of the new process for obtaining written consent. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to inform parents and professionals resulted in a significant decrease in the number of refusals for CF NBS.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1997

[French screening program of breast cancer. Results from 5 districts (1989-1994)].

Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that screening by mammography can reduce the breast cancer mortality rate by 30 to 50% in women aged 50 to 69 years. In France, pilot screening programmes were begun in 1989, and a national programme is being implemented since 1994. After 8 years of experience, the present study aims to assess the effectiveness of the French decentralized model of screening. This study presents data obtained by the National Steering Committee from the reports of five district programmes. Efficacy indicators from 1989 to 1994 are presented and compared with European targets. Data are presented by screening round. The prevalent round concerns 260,226 women screened, the subsequent incident rounds concern 119,761 women. Attendance rates at 5 years range from 24.2% to 50.9%. The mean recall rate was 7.8% in the first and 4.5% in the second round 5.4 and 2.7 cancers were detected per 1,000 women screened during the first and second round, respectively. and 30% of invasive cancers were of 10 mm or less and 70% had no nodal involvement. The interval cancer rate was 0.55% one year after screening and 1.05% two years after screening. Results from our decentralized screening system are variable yet satisfactory overall, namely thanks to the progressive implementation of quality assurance. However, attendance rates remain low, whereas actual mammographic coverage is 60% in France. A generalized screening programme can only be foreseen in France if its implementation is very gradual and if the quality of screening is high. The improvement of radiological quality remains the primary objective of the National Steering Committee however this implies training of all personnel. In the long run, organized screening should prevail over spontaneous screening. It is unlikely that we will achieve the target reduction in mortality rate in our country.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Estimation of validity of mass screening program for gastric cancer in Osaka, Japan.

To assess the validity of mass screening tests for gastric cancer conducted with three types of radiographic techniques, i.e., photofluorography by a mirror camera, photofluorography by an image intensifier, and direct radiography, 105,122 persons who underwent a total of 272,667 screening tests during 1970 through 1982 were followed through December 31, 1983 by means of a record linkage to the Osaka Cancer Registry, Osaka, Japan. The results of 1 year's follow-up from screening were defined as the gold standard and test performance values were calculated. Sensitivity of screening with photofluorography by a mirror camera, photofluorography by an image intensifier, and direct radiography was 90%, 89%, and 91%, and specificity was 86%, 92%, and 91%, respectively. The receiver operating characteristics curve for screening with photofluorography by an image intensifier resembled that for direct radiography and these two curves were located somewhat to the left of the curve for screening with photofluorography by a mirror camera. The authors conclude that the validity of screening with photofluorography by an image intensifier is almost equivalent to that of screening with direct radiography and both are superior to that of screening with photofluorography by a mirror camera.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Two-year survey of Alberta laboratories processing of antenatal group B streptococcal (GBS) screening specimens: implications for GBS screening programs.

We evaluated specimen types received and methods used by laboratories to process screening GBS specimens from pregnant women. Surveys during 1995 and 1997 of all laboratories in the province of Alberta, Canada that culture GBS from screening genital specimens were completed. Between surveys, there was dissemination of information about appropriate culture techniques. Survey completion rates were 100% in both years (38/38 in 1995 and 20/20 in 1997). During 1995 as compared to 1997, laboratories were less likely to a) have a specific written protocol for identification of genital GBS screening specimens (1995: 78.2% versus 1997: 100%, p = 0.08) b) be receiving combined vaginal-anorectal swabs (1995: 18% of all swabs received versus 1997: 60.4%, p < 0.001), and c) be using selective GBS culture media (1995: 45.5% versus 1997: 86.7%, p = 0.01). Regions using screening based approaches for GBS prevention need to ensure that their laboratories are using adequate techniques for GBS detection.

Alberta↗
PubMed2001

Extracolonic findings at virtual colonoscopy: implications for screening programs.

OBJECTIVE: Virtual colonoscopy (VC) is an evolving technology proposed as a possible screening tool for colorectal cancer. In contrast to conventional colonoscopy, VC may detect extracolonic abdominal pathology. This may lead to unnecessary investigation of benign lesions, or may benefit the patient by identifying serious pathology at an early stage. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of extracolonic pathology found in patients undergoing VC. METHODS: A total of 100 patients aged > or = 55 yr, referred for colonoscopy for bowel symptoms or family history of bowel cancer, underwent VC. Axial views of the abdomen were reviewed prospectively by a single radiologist for extracolonic pathology. Patients with extracolonic abnormalities were referred to their local doctor or to a specialist clinic when appropriate. Case records were reviewed and treating doctors contacted to document subsequent investigations and procedures generated. RESULTS: Fifteen patients (15%) had extracolonic abnormalities detected. In four patients, the pathology had been diagnosed previously (umbilical hernia, gallbladder and renal calculi, 3.5-cm aortic aneurysm, ovarian cyst). Eleven patients had new abnormalities detected: ovarian cysts (three), liver cysts (two), uterine fibroids (two), gallstones (one), splenic calcifications (one), aortic aneurysm (one), and renal tumor (one). Two patients with ovarian cysts underwent surgery, and histology showed benign cysts. CONCLUSIONS: Extracolonic abnormalities are common at VC. Most are benign, but may lead to investigative and procedural costs. These data should be carefully evaluated in feasibility and cost-effectiveness studies on colorectal cancer screening using VC.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Study on the mimic epitopes screening program severe acute respiratory syndromes antigen with random phage peptide library].

OBJECTIVE: To screen the severe acute respiratory syndromes (SARS) mimotopes with random phage peptide library and to investigate their immunogenicity. METHODS: Using SARS sera as selective molecule, a 12 mer phage peptide library was biopanned and positive clones containing the mimic epitopes were selected. The immuno-characteriation of the epitopes were then investigated. RESULTS: 2 positive clones that having specific affinity to SARS sera were obtained. The DNA sequencing data showed no homology between the sequences of the deduced amino acid of the two mimic antigen peptides and the sequence of SARS. CONCLUSION: SARS mimotopes were obtained by phage peptide library screening. This method might provide a new approach for SARS therapy and vaccine development.

Animals↗