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PubMed2000

Clinical input into designing a PACS.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical attitudes and expectations in the implementation of a neuroradiology picture archiving and communication system (PACS). A 1-page survey of expectations and clinical attitudes toward a neuroradiology mini-PACS was distributed to 49 full-time faculty members in the departments of neurosurgery, neurology, and otorhinolaryngology at an academic center. Interest in viewing soft-copy images was moderate to very high for over 89% of clinicians. All clinicians were comfortable with phone consultations with radiologists while viewing soft-copy images. Clinicians preferred retrieving images from personal computers over workstations and film libraries by 72.9%, 27.1%, and 0%, respectively. However, 38.5% of surgeons felt the need for hard copy in the operating room. Clinicians estimated that in 18.3% of cases, patients took their in-house films to outside institutions for consultations. Clinicians were enthusiastic about implementing PACS. Although acceptance of soft-copy viewing among clinicians is high, some provision for supplying hard-copy images appears to be necessary.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1994

Solitary muscular sarcoidosis: CT, MRI, and scintigraphic characteristics.

Scintigraphy using gallium-67 (67Ga) citrate and penvaralent technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid ([99mTc(V)]DMSA) and other radiological examinations were performed in three patients with solitary muscular sarcoidosis who had tumor-like muscular lesions. Although distinction from other invasive soft tissue tumors was difficult using plain and enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, marked uptake of 67Ga and moderate uptake of [99mTc(V)]DMSA were shown at the sites of granulomatous inflammatory lesions of sarcoidosis. Both 67Ga and [99mTc(V)]DMSA scintigraphy could be of value in the diagnosis and detection of distribution of granulomas of sarcoidosis in the soft tissue and in determining the appropriate region for biopsy.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

[The localization and differential diagnosis of benign and malignant gynaecological tumours in the axial computer assisted tomogram (author's transl)].

40 computer assisted tomographies of the vagina, the uterus and the ovaries were evaluated. The differential diagnosis between malignant and benign neoplasms is difficult unless there is spread into the soft tissues. The early diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms by axial computer assisted tomography is impossible. We are of the opinion that axial computer assisted tomography should be performed as early as possible in the diagnosis of local recurrences of malignant tumours of the female genital tract.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed2004

An overview of recycling and treatment of scrap computers.

In order to recover valuable materials and to minimize the adverse effects of hazardous materials contained in scrap computers, a dismantling practice is commonly adopted to treat scrap computers. By using the dismantling process, both useful and hazardous materials can be manually separated and retrieved. On the basis of the properties of the retrieved materials, they can be sent to appropriate facilities for further recycling or treatment. Among the retrieved materials, the treatment of hazardous materials from cathode ray tubes (CRT) and printed circuit boards with integrated circuits have drawn considerable attention, thus implying that the proper treatment of such materials can greatly assure the successful recycling of scrap computers. For this reason, this study reviews the available technologies which can be applied to treat and recycle cathode ray tube components and printed circuit boards with integrated circuits. Actual recycling data from a scrap computer recycling plant located in Taiwan are also introduced. The data show that this recycling plant can recover 94.75 wt. % and 45.99 wt. % of useful materials from the main machines (i.e., CPU, power supplier, fan, IC boards, DVD drive, CD drive, hard disk, soft disk, shell casing, etc.) and monitors of scrap computers, respectively.

Computers↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Juxtaacetabular ganglionic (or synovial) cysts: CT and MR features.

Radiographic findings include supraacetabular bone erosions, subchondral acetabular cysts, soft tissue masses with or without radiolucent inclusions representing nitrogen gas, joint space narrowing, and abnormal hip configuration. Associated tears of the acetabular labrum were confirmed by arthrography in two patients. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging afforded improved delineation of soft tissue ganglia and their relationship to the acetabular bone, labrum, and hip joint. We report our experience with seven patients in whom various imaging examinations clearly documented the presence of soft tissue cystic lesions adjacent to the acetabulum; in six of the seven patients, significant clinical manifestations were evident in the affected hip. Such cysts, whether designated synovial or ganglionic in type, appear to be a frequently overlooked yet important cause of hip symptomatology.

Acetabulum↗

PubMed2001

[Changes of soft tissue profile in operated unilateral cleft lip and palate patients after maxillary protraction].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate effects of maxillary protraction on soft tissue profile in operated operated unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients. METHODS: A total of 10 growing UCLP patients (male 7, female 3), age from 8.2 to 12 years old (Average: 10.4 years old), were selected to be treated with maxillary protraction using head gear-chin cap-long hook protraction appliance. The appliance was worn 12-14 hours per day, and the protraction force was 400-500 g each side. The protraction direction was forward and slightly downward. The treatment period was 4.7 months (Average: 5.8 months). Cephalometrics were taken before and after treatment. The changes of soft-tissue profile were studied using the computer-aid X-ray cephalometric analysis. RESULTS: After protraction, the points of Prn, Sn and Ls moved forward significantly. The distance from points Ls to E plane changed significantly from 0.46 mm before treatment to 1.18 mm after treatment. The angle G-Prn-Pg' decreased significantly, and G-Sn-Pg' changed significantly from -0.30 before treatment to 6.260 after treatment. The anterior-posterior position of mandible and lower lip did not change significantly, the changes of angles Cm-Sn-Ls, A'ls/SiLi had no statistical significance. The results indicated that maxillary protraction could make maxilla and upper lip move forward, and the convexity of soft tissue profile improve significantly. CONCLUSION: Maxillary protraction is an effective way to improve the facial deformity of operated UCLP patients. UCLP patients should have early interrupted treatment.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed1983

Computed tomography of the craniocervical junction in rheumatoid arthritis.

Thirty-three patients with rheumatoid arthritis had computed tomographic examination of the craniocervical junction. This demonstrated soft tissue features which have not previously been described in published reports. A low attenuation lesion between the odontoid and the transverse ligament shown in 11 patients was considered a premonitory sign of rupture of the transverse ligament or a manifestation of active disease. Computed tomography revealed spinal cord compression in 3 patients and ligamentous changes in the transverse ligament and the alar and spinal ligaments in 26 patients. Erosion of the odontoid was shown in 19 patients and subluxation in 20 patients. No relationship could be found between the clinical signs and symptoms and the radiological abnormalities except in the case of cord compression.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Converting absorbed dose to medium to absorbed dose to water for Monte Carlo based photon beam dose calculations.

Current clinical experience in radiation therapy is based upon dose computations that report the absorbed dose to water, even though the patient is not made of water but of many different types of tissue. While Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithms have the potential for higher dose accuracy, they usually transport particles in and compute the absorbed dose to the patient media such as soft tissue, lung or bone. Therefore, for dose calculation algorithm comparisons, or to report dose to water or tissue contained within a bone matrix for example, a method to convert dose to the medium to dose to water is required. This conversion has been developed here by applying Bragg-Gray cavity theory. The dose ratio for 6 and 18 MV photon beams was determined by computing the average stopping power ratio for the primary electron spectrum in the transport media. For soft tissue, the difference between dose to medium and dose to water is approximately 1.0%, while for cortical bone the dose difference exceeds 10%. The variation in the dose ratio as a function of depth and position in the field indicates that for photon beams a single correction factor can be used for each particular material throughout the field for a given photon beam energy. The only exception to this would be for the clinically non-relevant dose to air. Pre-computed energy spectra for 60Co to 24 MV are used to compute the dose ratios for these photon beams and to determine an effective energy for evaluation of the dose ratio.

Air↗

PubMed1997

Three-dimensional computed tomography imaging of a frontal skull base fracture.

A 7-year-old boy presented with recurrent meningitis after head trauma. Coronal computed tomography (CT) revealed prolapse of the intracranial soft tissue into the right ethmoidal sinus, leading to the diagnosis of right frontal skull base fracture. Three-dimensional CT with bone windows provided a lifelike image of the fracture lateral to the right olfactory groove. This image was most useful in the preoperative planning of the repair surgery.

Child↗

PubMed1984

CT of soft-tissue structures of the neck.

Soft tissue structures of the neck include nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, thyroid, lateral pharyngeal space, and others. Computed tomography (CT) has a significant contribution to the diagnosis of the diseases of the soft tissue structures of the neck. The use of two planes, coronal and axial, in the region of the nasopharynx and oropharynx and axial plane at the level of the laryngopharynx, has added new dimensions, and soft tissue detail obtained by its use has yielded invaluable additional diagnostic information. CT has expanded our knowledge of the diseases of the soft tissue structures of the neck, but has not as yet replaced the more commonly used techniques. The disease process in the different areas of the soft tissues of the neck will be discussed in detail.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗

PubMed2005

Method of testing very soft biological tissues in compression.

Mechanical properties of very soft tissues, such as brain, liver, kidney and prostate have recently joined the mainstream research topics in biomechanics. This has happened in spite of the fact that these tissues do not bear mechanical loads. The interest in the biomechanics of very soft tissues has been motivated by the developments in computer-integrated and robot-aided surgery--in particular, the emergence of automatic surgical tools and robots-as well as advances in virtual reality techniques. Mechanical testing of very soft tissues provides a formidable challenge for an experimenter. Very soft tissues are usually tested in compression using an unconfined compression set-up, which requires ascertaining that friction between sample faces and stress-strain machine platens is close to zero. In this paper a more reliable method of testing is proposed. In the proposed method top and bottom faces of a cylindrical specimen with low aspect ratio are rigidly attached to the platens of the stress-strain machine (e.g. using surgical glue). This arrangement allows using a no-slip boundary condition in the analysis of the results. Even though the state of deformation in the sample cannot be treated as orthogonal the relationships between total change of height (measured) and strain are obtained. Two important results are derived: (i) deformed shape of a cylindrical sample subjected to uniaxial compression is independent on the form of constitutive law, (ii) vertical extension in the plane of symmetry lambda(z) is proportional to the total change of height for strains as large as 30%. The importance and relevance of these results to testing procedures in biomechanics are highlighted.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMed2002

[CT and MRI of the petrous bone].

Diseases of the petrous bone should now be diagnosed by means of high-resolution multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The first step in the process of diagnosis, however, must be conventional X-ray photographs (according to Schüller, Mayer, Stenvers) for screening purposes, because of the high cost of the other procedures mentioned. Because of the excellent imaging of bone structures with MSCT, this technique is especially suitable for the diagnosis both of acquired pathologies and of congenital abnormalities of the external auditory meatus, the middle ear and the mastoid, of trauma-induced pathologies of the entire petrous bone, and of osteogenic diseases. MRI is the method of choice for examination of the labyrinthine system, the interior auditory meatus and the cerebellopontine angle because it gives much the best depiction of soft tissue. Sometimes when questions remain unsolved after computed tomography (CT) examination of the middle ear MRI can be applied to complement CT, and it can yield additional information. Lesions affecting the apex of the petrous pyramid should be examined by MRI. High-resolution CT through the bone window and thin-layer MRI are both components of the presurgical diagnosis before cochlear implant (CI) surgery. For postoperative monitoring a conventional transorbital X-ray of the petrous bone is sufficient; CT is indicated only in complicated cases, and MRI is absolutely contraindicated after CI.

Artifacts↗

PubMed2004

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma presenting with multiple intracranial metastases.

A 28-year-old man presented with history of raised intracranial pressure and one episode of generalized tonic clonic seizures. Computed Tomogram revealed multiple contrast enhancing intracranial lesions. Biopsy of one of the lesions was reported as metastatic alveolar soft part sarcoma. He was advised whole brain radiotherapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

MRI and CT evaluation of primary bone and soft-tissue tumors.

Twenty-six patients with primary tumors of bone or somatic soft tissues underwent both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT); 15 of the patients had radionuclide bone scans as well. Only in a minority of cases did these tomographic methods provide information needed for diagnosis that could not be derived from the plain radiographs alone; however, for assessing the extent of the disease, both CT and MRI proved very valuable, particularly MRI. Specifically, MRI was superior to CT in delineating the extent of the neoplasms and their relation to surrounding structures in 21 of the patients, equal in four, and inferior in only one. Furthermore, in the 13 patients with tumors of long bone, MRI was judged superior to CT in visualizing marrow abnormality in 12 cases, and equal in only one case. Radionuclide scans demonstrated the lesions in 14 of the 15 cases; its primary utility was in excluding additional lesions. It is concluded that for these patients, MRI was the imaging method of choice in assessing the extent of bone and soft-tissue tumors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Application of high-tech three-dimensional imaging and computer-generated models in complex facial reconstructions with vascularized bone grafts.

We present a series of six patients with eight flaps in whom computer-generated models were used for fabrication of vascularized bone grafts in complex facial restorations. Preoperative CT data, digitalized on tape, were converted by the CEMAX (Santa Clara, Calif.) 1500 Integrated Hardware and Software System to a three-dimensional visualization of the bone and soft-tissue deficiencies. These data were transmitted by direct computer link to a CNC milling machine that produced full-size slices "stacked" into a three-dimensional template. The acrylic replica aided selection of appropriate donor sites and intraoperative "carving" of bone transfers. Reconstructions included three zygomas, two maxillae, two mandibles, and one frontal bone. Donor sites were iliac crest, scapula, and outer calvarium. Four were free flaps and four island pedicle flaps. All healed without infection. Bone resorption was less than 10 percent. One flap was lost to thrombosis. Other complications included a transient facial palsy in one patient and temporary radial palsy from shoulder traction in another. Computer-generated templates for vascularized grafts are expensive and thus are not indicated or necessary in every patient. The advantages, however, are several. Custom models facilitate preoperative planning, with less guesswork of size, contour, and orientation of the graft, which is especially desirable with vascularized grafts, since the position of the pedicle is critical. Anesthesia time is decreased. Grafts can be fitted exactly, without reshaping and "nibbling." Nuances of depth and tapering are directly carved into the bone. By merging high-tech imaging and microsurgery, the best chance of optimal results can be achieved.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

The role of computed tomography in acute and subacute mediastinitis.

Acute and subacute infection in the mediastinum, though rare, is associated with a substantial mortality which increases with delay in diagnosis. The conventional radiographic and computed tomographic studies of 14 patients with proven infective mediastinitis were reviewed in an attempt to identify their relative roles in its diagnosis. Signs of infection demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) included abscess formation, mediastinal masses, soft tissue collections contiguous with other infected compartments and areas of diffuse mediastinal infiltration with fat plane loss without prominent lymphadenopathy. The anatomy and extent of the infection was well delineated by CT in all patients. In nine cases this information affected clinical management, facilitating percutaneous drainage of the abscess in three. In five patients, information from CT did not alter clinical management.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1991

Computed tomography of the masticatory system in rheumatoid arthritis.

The resolution of computed tomography (CT) allows evaluation of hard and soft tissues of the masticatory system. Eleven patients with RA were scanned by CT in direct sagittal and coronal projection because of temporomandibular joint problems. Our results indicate that in addition to bony changes there are changes in the masticatory muscles. These are detectable by CT and may be caused by the RA itself or related to impaired function.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Desmoplastic fibroma of the cranium: case report and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Desmoplastic fibroma is a benign bone tumor that can be locally aggressive. It usually occurs in the long bones and mandible. We report on a patient with a desmoplastic fibroma arising in the temporal bone and review previously published cases of desmoplastic fibroma originating within the cranium. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 43-year-old woman presented with a 12-year history of progressively worsening head asymmetry. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography demonstrated a mass originating from the bone and involving the adjacent soft tissues. INTERVENTION: A temporal parietal craniectomy was performed with excision of a large tumor involving the bone. An acrylic cranioplasty was used to replace the bone. Pathological examination of the lesion identified desmoplastic fibroma of the cranium. After surgery, the patient's cranial asymmetry was corrected. CONCLUSION: Desmoplastic fibroma of the cranium is rare. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice.

Adult↗