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Results for “Structural equation modeling”

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PubMed2004

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, physical health, and health care utilization 50 years after repeated exposure to a toxic gas.

The posttraumatic sequelae of contaminant exposure are a contemporary international concern due to the threats posed to military personnel and civilians by war and bioterrorism. The role of PTSD symptoms as a mediator between potentially traumatic toxin exposure and physical health outcomes was examined with structural equation modeling in a probability sample of 302 male World War II-era U.S. military veterans 50 years after exposure to mustard gas tests. Controlling for age and psychological distress, the most parsimonious structural model involved PTSD symptoms mediating the relationship between toxin exposure and physical health problems, and physical health problems mediating the relationship between PTSD symptoms and outpatient health care utilization. Implications for researchers, mental health clinicians, and health care providers are discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Proactive personality and job performance: a social capital perspective.

This study of 126 employee-supervisor dyads examined a mediated model of the relationship between proactive personality and job performance. The model, informed by the social capital perspective, suggests that proactive employees reap performance benefits by means of developing social networks that provide them the resources and latitude to pursue high-level initiatives. Structural equation modeling suggested that the relationship between proactive personality and job performance is mediated by network building and initiative taking on the part of the employee.

Achievement↗

PubMed2000

Dimensions of fatigue in different working populations.

Perceived fatigue related to work has often been measured in one dimension. The main purpose of the present study was to validate a proposed five-factor model of perceived fatigue in a new sample. 597 persons, employed in five occupations with different types of work loads, rated their fatigue after work. The ratings were subjected to analyses of linear structural equation models. The results suggest a slightly revised model for perceived fatigue, still with the five dimensions: Lack of energy, Physical exertion, Physical discomfort, Lack of motivation and Sleepiness. As expected, the rating profiles describing fatigue states differed between the five occupations. On the basis of these results, a revised version of the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI) is presented.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

The influence of individual characteristics and contraceptive beliefs on parent-teen sexual communications: a structural model.

PURPOSE: To explore relationships between parent and teen demographic characteristics, parent beliefs about the effectiveness, safety and usability of condoms and oral contraceptives, and parent-teen sexual communication. METHODS: One thousand parents of 13-17-year-olds were surveyed. Structural equation modeling was used to test direct and indirect relationships between parent and teen characteristics, parent effectiveness beliefs, and amount of parent-teen communication about the negative consequences of sex and where to obtain birth control. RESULTS: Parent effectiveness beliefs were directly related to parent-teen communication levels. Minority, religious, politically conservative, and low income parents reported lower effectiveness beliefs than other parent groups. Low income, minority parents reported more discussion with their teens about the negative consequences of sex and where to obtain birth control than high income, White parents. Politically conservative, religious parents reported more discussion with their teen about the negative consequences of sex than their liberal and nonreligious counterparts. In general, nonreligious parents reported more discussion about where to obtain birth control than religious parents. Parents were less likely to talk with males, younger teens, and teens not believed to be romantically involved. Parent and teen gender interacted to predict the amount of parent-teen communication. CONCLUSIONS: Parent beliefs about condom and oral contraceptive efficacy, safety and usability related directly to amount of parent-teen sexual communication. Parent beliefs and communication levels varied across a number of demographic groups. Educating parent groups may result in more frequent and accurate sexual communications with their teenage children.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

An approach to the hierarchical model of motivation in a classroom: a reply to Rousseau and Vallerand.

Rousseau and Vallerand's comments on our recent article led to the present study of correlations between students' perception of teachers' attitudes, intrinsic-extrinsic motivation, and learning strategy with structural equation modeling. The analysis shows students' perception of teachers' attitudes influences the intrinsic-extrinsic motivation, which as mediator in turn affects students' learning strategies, and the paths were divided into two streams, one with more intrinsic attributes and the other with more extrinsic ones.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Social influence processes and college student drinking: the mediational role of alcohol outcome expectancies.

OBJECTIVE: Social influences are among the most robust predictors of adolescent substance use and misuse. Studies with early adolescent samples have supported the need to distinguish among various types of social influences to better delineate relations between social factors and alcohol use and problems. METHOD: The first major goal of the present study (N = 399, 263 women) was to examine unique relations between particular facets of social influence and alcohol use and problems in a relatively heavy-drinking population (i.e., college students). We hypothesized that active social influences (offers to drink alcohol) and passive social influences (social modeling and perceived norms) would demonstrate positive associations with measures of alcohol use and problems. We also tested the hypothesis that alcohol outcome expectancies would mediate associations between social influences and drinking behaviors. RESULTS: Structural equation modeling analyses provided strong support for the first hypothesis. Social modeling demonstrated the strongest association with alcohol use and problems, and active social influences demonstrated significant associations with both use and problems. Perceived norms were related to alcohol use, but not directly with alcohol problems. Support for the second hypothesis was positive but limited to one type of social influence. Strong evidence for a mediational role of outcome expectancies was found for relations between social modeling and alcohol use and problems. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these findings demonstrate the unique and relative contribution of active and passive social influences and provide limited support for a hypothesized process by which social factors influence cognitions and alcohol-related behaviors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Understanding the influence of the complex relationships among informal and formal supports on the well-being of caregivers of persons with dementia.

This study examined the direct and indirect relationships between caring for a person with dementia and caregiver health. A conceptual model of the caregiver stress process considered informal caregiver characteristics, sources of caregiver stress, and the influence of informal and formal support on the well-being of the caregivers of persons with dementia. Structural equation modeling was used to test specific hypotheses in a sample of 327 caregivers of people with dementia who were living in the community, as part of the first wave of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Our findings show that the negative impact of the increasing disability of the care recipient on the psychological well-being of the caregiver was mediated mostly by the use of informal support systems and marginally by the use of formal support systems. The use of informal support by caregivers was associated with a decreased use of formal supports. The relationship between caregiver characteristics and their psychological health was mediated by the use of formal support but not by the use of informal support systems.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Modeling particle exposure in U.S. trucking terminals.

Multi-tiered sampling approaches are common in environmental and occupational exposure assessment, where exposures for a given individual are often modeled based on simultaneous measurements taken at multiple indoor and outdoor sites. The monitoring data from such studies is hierarchical by design, imposing a complex covariance structure that must be accounted for in order to obtain unbiased estimates of exposure. Statistical methods such as structural equation modeling (SEM) represent a useful alternative to simple linear regression in these cases, providing simultaneous and unbiased predictions of each level of exposure based on a set of covariates specific to the exposure setting. We test the SEM approach using data from a large exposure assessment of diesel and combustion particles in the U.S.trucking industry. The exposure assessment includes data from 36 different trucking terminals across the United States sampled between 2001 and 2005, measuring PM2.5 and its elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC) components, by personal monitoring, and sampling at two indoor work locations and an outdoor "background" location. Using the SEM method, we predict the following: (1) personal exposures as a function of work-related exposure and smoking status; (2) work-related exposure as a function of terminal characteristics, indoor ventilation, job location, and background exposure conditions; and (3) background exposure conditions as a function of weather, nearby source pollution, and other regional differences across terminal sites. The primary advantage of SEMs in this setting is the ability to simultaneously predict exposures at each of the sampling locations, while accounting for the complex covariance structure among the measurements and descriptive variables. The statistically significant results and high R2 values observed from the trucking industry application supports the broader use of this approach in exposure assessment modeling.

Carbon↗

PubMed1997

Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test: structure of a modified German version.

The Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) is widely used in scientific research as well as in clinical practice. But there exists little research on the structure of the AVLT. We investigated the structure of a German version of the AVLT and VLMT, in 232 patients of a psychiatric clinic and in 872 patients of an epileptologic clinic. First we stated a theoretical LISREL model relating the observed variables of the VLMT to short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) as latent variables. Then we estimated the postulated LISREL model in the two samples. The proposed model showed excellent fit in both samples, and there were no significant deviations between the estimated and the observed covariance matrices. Thus, STM and LTM suffice to explain the structure of the VLMT, and the proposed structural equations model can be used to estimate STM and LTM capacity from VLMT data.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Validity of a scale measuring beliefs regarding the "positive" effects of punishing children: a study of Mexican mothers.

This paper discusses the influence that "beliefs concerning the corrective effects of punishment" have on child punishment and abuse in a Mexican population. One hundred and five mothers responded to a questionnaire measuring these beliefs, and their responses were contrasted with the report those mothers gave regarding the physical punishment they inflict upon their children. A scale consisting of six items registering beliefs was developed and administered. The reliability (internal consistency) of the scale was assessed, and its validity was tested by using a factor analytic structural equations model which produced high factorial loadings from a "beliefs" factor to the scale's items. This was interpreted as a confirmation of construct validity. An indication of predictive validity was found in a high, significant structural correlation between the beliefs factor and a "corrective punishment" factor, measured by a series of related items. Mothers reported as abusing their children produced higher scores on the "beliefs" scale as compared to "control" mothers. The direct, significant effect of parent's beliefs on the punishment of children explains much about the child maltreatment problem in the studied society.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Functional convergence of rTCA-related carbon-fixation potential and biochemical residue accumulation in seagrass sediments.

Seagrass meadows are globally significant blue carbon ecosystems, yet the microbial and biochemical mechanisms driving sediment organic carbon (SOC) accumulation remain poorly understood. To address this, we employed an integrated approach combining metagenomic sequencing, biochemical assays, and structural equation modeling to investigate carbon cycling in the seagrass and adjacent unvegetated sediments of Swan Lake, China. A total of 115,179 carbon fixation genes and 119,615 decomposition genes were identified, revealing distinct microbial community structures among the habitats. Seagrass sediments harbored more diverse carbon-fixing (CFMs) and decomposing microorganisms (CDMs), with 83 medium-to high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) recovered. While neutral community model analysis indicated that stochastic processes predominantly governed community assembly, functional analyses highlighted specific drivers of sequestration. The reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle emerged as the dominant carbon fixation pathway, with key genes (e.g., aclA, korA) showing strong positive correlations with SOC. Conversely, decomposition pathways for starch and lignin were negatively associated with SOC. Furthermore, seagrass sediments exhibited elevated concentrations of total amino sugars (TAS) and lignin phenols (TLP), which linked significantly to carbon fixation rather than decomposition. PLS-SEM revealed statistically significant associations among seagrass traits, environmental variables, microbial carbon-fixation potential, biochemical residue pools, and SOC, supporting a mechanistic pathway in which enhanced microbial functional potential drives the accumulation of recalcitrant biochemical residues, thereby facilitating long-term carbon retention in sediments. These findings emphasize the pivotal role of microbial anabolism and the accumulation of biosynthetic residues in sediment carbon storage, suggesting a functional convergence in seagrass-driven carbon sinks.

Metagenomics↗

PubMed2005

Longitudinal pathways to psychological adjustment among Black youth living in single-parent households.

A 5-wave model linking family and maternal functioning to youth psychological adjustment was tested with 139 single-mother-headed African American families with young adolescents (mean age = 11 years at recruitment) living in the rural South. Structural equation modeling indicated that an accumulation of family risk factors at Wave 1 was linked with maternal psychological functioning at Wave 2, which forecast competence-promoting parenting practices at Wave 3. These parenting practices indirectly forecast youth externalizing and internalizing behaviors 2 years later at Wave 5, through youth self-regulation at Wave 4. The hypothesized model was retested, controlling for Wave 1 youth externalizing and internalizing behaviors. All paths remained significant, indicating that the model accounted for change in youth psychological adjustment across 4 years.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2005

Core self-evaluations and job burnout: the test of alternative models.

Research on job burnout has traditionally focused on contextual antecedent conditions, although a theoretically appropriate conception implicates person-environment relationships. The authors tested several models featuring various combinations of personal and contextual influences on burnout and job satisfaction. Measures of core self-evaluations, organizational constraints, burnout, and job satisfaction were collected from 859 health care employees. Results from structural equations modeling analyses revealed an influence of core self-evaluations and perceived organizational constraints on job burnout and satisfaction, suggesting personal and contextual contributions. These results favor a broadening of current thinking about the impact of situational constraints on the expression of job burnout, as well as for the role of disposition for affective responding to effectively address occupational health problems.

Burnout, Professional↗

PubMed2006

Depression and ethnicity as intermediary variables among dissociation, trauma-related cognitions, and PTSD symptomatology in youths.

The study of childhood posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has grown in recent years, and several variables have been closely linked to the etiology of this condition. Prominent examples include dissociation, trauma-related cognitions, and depression, but no empirically based model regarding these variables has been presented. We examined 90 adolescents housed in a state-run facility for youths who experienced maltreatment, violence, and/or other traumas. Utilizing psychometrically strong dependent measures, we identified a structural equation model with depression as a key mediating variable between (1) dissociation and trauma-related cognitions and (2) PTSD symptomatology. In addition, African American status was found to weaken this relationship, whereas multiracial status was found to strengthen this relationship. These results are discussed within the context of contemporary integrative theories regarding the developmental psychopathology of PTSD in youths.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Analytic approaches for assessing long-term treatment effects. Examples of empirical applications and findings.

Analytic approaches, including the structural equation model (autoregressive panel model), hierarchical linear model, latent growth curve model, survival/event history analysis, latent transition model, and time-series analysis (interrupted time series, multivariate time-series analysis) are discussed for their applicability to data of different structures and their utility in evaluating temporal effects of treatment. Methods are illustrated by presenting applications of the various approaches in previous studies examining temporal patterns of treatment effects. Recent advancements in these longitudinal modeling approaches and the accompanying computer software development offer tremendous flexibility in examining long-term treatment effects through longitudinal data with varying numbers and intervals of assessment and types of measures. A multimethod assessment will contribute to a more complete understanding of the complex phenomena of the long-term courses of substance use and its treatment.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed1990

Factors affecting alcohol consumption in black women. Part I.

The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the extent to which a general model for understanding and predicting Black mental health problems accounts for the particular problem of alcohol consumption in an urban sample of 289 African American women. The general model consists of eight variables: life events, social support, religious orientation, internalized racialism, physical health problems, marital status, socioeconomic status, and developmental status. In Part I expected interrelationships among variables are presented, from which a structural equation model for understanding and predicting alcohol consumption is formulated. Methods for evaluating the model are described in Part II (International Journal of the Addictions, Vol. 25, No. 12).

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and scholastic achievement: a model of dual developmental pathways.

A conceptual model has recently been hypothesized in which parallel but correlated developmental pathways exist for attention deficit behaviors and conduct problems. An important component of this model suggests that attention deficit behaviors are related to later scholastic underachievement, whereas conduct problems are unrelated to scholastic underachievement except by their common correlation with attention deficit and intelligence. The present study replicated the general model using a cross-sectional sample of 325 children, and examined whether hypothesized dual pathways (behavioral and cognitive) better account for the relationship between attention deficit, intelligence, and later scholastic achievement. Results of the structural equation modeling analysis were consistent with the hypothesized dual pathway model and suggest that school behavior and select cognitive abilities serve as important mediators between attention deficit, intelligence, and later scholastic achievement. Implications of these results for understanding the developmental trajectory of children with attention deficit and general theoretical models of ADHD are discussed.

Achievement↗

PubMed2001

A structural model of acculturation and mental health status among Chinese Americans.

This study examined the role of acculturation and its direct and indirect impact on depressive symptom severity through various correlates, including socioeconomic status (SES), stress, social support, personality negativity, and physical health perception. Using structural equation modeling, the proposed model was tested with 983 employed Chinese Americans from a representative community sample, the majority of whom were immigrants. The results demonstrated that acculturation, correlated with SES, contributed to depressive symptom severity only through indirect pathways. Higher acculturation was found associated with higher stress that in turn contributed to more elevated depressive symptoms. On the other hand, higher acculturation was also found strongly correlated with higher SES, which was associated with lower depressive symptoms directly or indirectly through several mediators. Better support, lower personality negativity, better health perception, and lower stress were found mediating the relationship between higher SES and lower depressive symptom severity. The simultaneous multigroup analysis showed that the final model was comparable for both men and women with very few differences.

Acculturation↗