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Results for “AIR POLLUTION, RADIOACTIVE”

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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Sheltering--a protective measure following an accidental atmospheric release from a nuclear power plant.

The effectiveness of sheltering the population for reducing radiological effects following an accidental release of radioactivity at a nuclear power plant was investigated. Different levels of respiratory protection and the administration of a thyroid blocking agent were also studied as possible complements to sheltering. Specific conditions were assumed, concerning the high protection factors of regular buildings and the high availability of civil defense shelters. Computations were performed by means of a probabilistic consequence model, which allows a comprehensive description of exposure modes and processes dealing with the implementation of sheltering and which takes into account a broad range of radiological effects. Sheltering, even in regular buildings, was found to be efficient in reducing early fatalities and other non-stochastic effects. However, it was shown that respiratory protection is also needed in order to alleviate stochastic effects and that, for this purpose, expedient individual filtration methods may be satisfactory. Under the conditions studied, sheltering was found to be preferable in most cases over evacuation, as the main immediate protective measure, unless evacuation can be carried out before the radioactive cloud reaches the populated area.

Accidents↗
PubMed1994

Cancer mortality near Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

Oak Ridge, Tennessee, is the site of one of the two oldest nuclear facilities in the United States. Although precise records have not been maintained, low levels of radioactive products have been released into the environment since the facility began operation in World War II. Changes in age-adjusted cancer mortality rates for whites between the periods 1950-1952 and 1987-1989 were analyzed to assess whether these radioactive releases have had any adverse effects on the population living near Oak Ridge. Results indicate that the increases in the local area (under 100 miles from Oak Ridge) exceeded regional increases and far exceeded national increases. Within the region, increases were greatest in rural areas, in Anderson County (where Oak Ridge is located), in mountainous counties, and in the region downwind of Oak Ridge. Each of these findings suggest that low levels of radiation, ingested gradually by local residents, were a factor in the increases in local cancer death rates. Results indicate that more studies of this type are called for and that cessation of all future radioactive emissions from nuclear facilities should be considered.

Air Pollution, Radioactive↗
PubMed1999

[Urogenital tuberculosis in the Ukraine population].

The prevalence and incidence rates of urogenital tuberculosis in the Ukraine in the past 10 years were studied. They tended to decrease in the first period (1988-1992) and to become stable in the second period (1993-1997), being equal to 10.71 and 1.0 per 100,000. In the past 5 years, the incidence of urogenital tuberculosis tended to increase among urban residents as compared to rural ones. These changes show a total trend in the population living in the radioactively polluted area.

Air Pollution, Radioactive↗