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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Fish consumption, blood docosahexaenoic acid and chronic diseases in Chinese rural populations.

The Chinese traditional diet is low in fat. However, there is regional variability in the amount, type of fat consumed and the pattern of chronic diseases. An epidemiological survey of 65 rural counties in China (6500 subjects) was conducted in the 1980s. We have re-examined the red blood cell fatty acid and antioxidant composition, with fish consumption. Fish consumption correlated significantly with the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in red blood cells (RBC) (r=0.640, P<0.001), selenium (r=0.467, P<0.001) and glutathione peroxidase (r=0.333, P<0.01) in plasma. The proportion of DHA in RBC was inversely associated with total plasma triglyceride concentrations. A strong inverse correlation between DHA in RBC and cardiovascular disease (CVD) was found. The strongest correlation was the combination of DHA and oleic acid. RBC docosahexaenoic acid itself also correlated negatively and significantly with most chronic diseases and appeared to be more protective than either eicosapentaenoic or the omega3 docosapenataenoic acids. These results demonstrate the protective nature of fish consumption and DHA, found in high fat Western diets, operates at a low level of fat. This finding suggests the protective effect of fish consumption as validated by red cell DHA is universal. The protective effect is, therefore, most likely to be due to the fundamental properties of docosahexaenoic acid in cell function.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between symptoms of depression, functional health status, and chronic disease among a residential sample of African Americans.

Depression and psychological distress often go unrecognized and untreated in primary care settings. The association between depression, socioeconomic status, and chronic disease underscore the importance of incorporating mental health education and screening into community-based health initiatives. This is particularly critical for African Americans who bear a disproportionate burden of poverty and chronic disease. This descriptive study assessed associations between symptoms of depression, socioeconomic status, healthcare utilization, physical and mental health functioning, and reactions to race among a sample of low-income African Americans. Consistent with the findings of previous research, respondents with symptoms of depression reported lower levels of physical and mental health functioning, and perceived that they had been treated worse by others at work, and had worse healthcare experiences than those of other races. Community-based programs for reducing disparities in physical illness may need to address the burden of undiagnosed and untreated depression in order to become optimally effective.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Diabetes, employment and fatigue-related complaints: a comparison between diabetic employees, "healthy" employees, and employees with other chronic diseases.

The work situation and fatigue-related complaints of employees with diabetes (N = 141) were compared with "healthy" employees (N = 8946) and employees with other chronic diseases (N = 1883). Baseline data from a Dutch Cohort Study on Fatigue at Work were used to test differences in background variables, work characteristics, lifestyle factors, and fatigue-related complaints. Odds ratios were calculated for prolonged fatigue, the need for recovery, burnout, and psychological distress. Results showed that employees with diabetes work more daytime hours and work less overtime than the other groups. If they have no comorbidity, they are no more likely to report fatigue-related complaints than "healthy" employees, except for a depressed mood. Comorbidity (the presence of one or more additional chronic diseases) is associated with increased fatigue-related complaints. Therefore, this group will need special attention from professionals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1957

Chronic disease.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2005

[Early diagnosis of chronic kidney diseases].

Chronic kidney diseases frequently progress to end-stage renal failure over a period of several years. Ultimately, the glomerular filtration apparatus and tubulus are destroyed to such an extent that renal replacement therapy is required. This process may last longer than 10 years. To avoid loss of renal function, chronic kidney diseases should be diagnosed as early as possible so that therapeutic measures are initiated in time. Medications which prevent or delay progression to end-stage renal failure, e.g. ACE inhibitors and AT(1) blockers, are more effective if started early in the course of renal disease. A significant number of patients with chronic kidney disease are still diagnosed too late and are without adequate therapy so that chances for prevention and/or delay of chronic kidney disease are missed.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2006

Efficiency of movement in health and chronic disease.

Mechanical efficiency of movement expresses the efficacy of skeletal muscles to transform biochemical energy into "external work" or movement. In young healthy humans, the mechanical efficiency and/or the work economy of various locomotor activities such as cycling, up-hill walking or running, stair climbing or swimming varies from 5 - 9% for swimming to 20-25% for cycling ergometry or stair climbing. There are five potential steps at which an extra demand or "wasting" of energy may occur in supplying energy to the contracting muscle: a) the resting metabolism b) the cost of ventilation b) the percentage of moles of ATP produced per mole of atomic oxygen processed through the mitochondria c) the percentage of molecular ATP used by myofibrils for tension production and d) the cost of multi-segment movement coordination towards a locomotor displacement. This article presents the little evidence available on the efficiency of movement in patients with chronic diseases such as COPD and discusses the mechanisms through which chronic disease may contribute to a potential "exaggerated energy demand" or "energy wastage".

Energy Metabolism↗
PubMed2000

Health care seeking behavior following a health survey: impact on prevalence estimates of chronic diseases.

This article addresses the time sequence between a population health survey and subsequent health care use and how this changes the incidence estimates of selected chronic diseases. A cardiovascular survey of a representative sample of the adult population of Manitoba, Canada was linked with the health insurance claims database. Of the 2792 subjects in the survey, 98% were linked successfully, using an encrypted personal health insurance number. Five years of physician claims data for the survey participants were reviewed including 18 months prior to and 42 months following the survey. Survey participants started seeking confirmation of possible hypertension as soon as they received blood pressure information at the interview. Confirmation of diabetes and elevated cholesterol were not completed until 3-4 months after participants had received the laboratory test results. As many as 4.6 times more new cases of hypertension per month, 5.1 times more cases of elevated cholesterol, and 3.3 times more cases of diabetes were diagnosed following the survey. Surveys designed to determine the prevalence of specific chronic diseases generate new cases within a short time afterwards, thus affecting the original prevalence estimates. The process of assessing the burden of disease in a population is dynamic rather than static, and comparisons across populations need to take into account the frequency and recency of past surveys.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Competence in chronic disease in the aged].

This article discusses the situation of chronically diseased patients and refers to the multidimensional conception of "competence". Our purpose is to enlighten the central position of competence in cognitive structures and coping systems of the patients. A definition of competence is given, the investigation is delineated, and the most important results are discussed, referring to the concept of competence.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

Clinical experience of rehabilitation therapists with chronic diseases: a quantitative approach.

OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of the numbers of patients with selected chronic diseases treated by rehabilitation therapists (physical therapists, occupational therapists, exercise therapists and podiatrists). The study was performed to get quantitative information on the degree to which rehabilitation therapists are experienced in the treatment of chronically ill patients. METHODS: Secondary analyses were performed on several databases containing representative data on patients treated by rehabilitation therapists. Rates per 1000 patients in the populations of these rehabilitation therapists and 90% confidence intervals were computed for patients with the following diagnoses: ischaemic heart diseases, stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, headache syndromes, COPD/asthma, diabetes mellitus and chronic back pain (the size of the latter group could only be assessed in physical therapy in primary care). RESULTS: The largest group of chronically ill patients treated by physical therapists in primary care are patients with chronic back pain (82 per 1000). Stroke patients are the most common chronically ill patients treated by physical therapists in institutional care (157 per 1000) and by occupational therapists in institutional (358 per 1000) and noninstitutional care (246 per 1000). These therapists also see a variety of other chronically ill patients. Exercise therapists and podiatrists treat less patients with the selected chronic diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A review of study designs and methods of dietary assessment in nutritional epidemiology of chronic disease.

Increasingly the role of diet in the etiology of chronic disease has been the focus of research. Reviewed here are the epidemiologic study designs used for such research and the methodologies used for measurement of diet. Strengths and weaknesses of ecologic, cross-sectional, case-control cohort studies and clinical trials are discussed. Additionally the advantages and disadvantages of dietary recalls, food records, diet histories and food frequency questionnaires are reviewed as pertains to their use in nutritional epidemiology research.

Chronic Disease↗