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Results for “Consumer Behavior”

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PubMed1987

Critical analysis of radiologist-patient interaction.

A critical incident interview technique was used to identify features of radiologist-patient interactions considered effective and ineffective by patients. During structured interviews with 35 radiology patients and five patients' parents, three general categories of physician behavior were described: attention to patient comfort, explanation of procedure and results, and interpersonal sensitivity. The findings indicated that patients are sensitive to physicians' interpersonal styles and that they want physicians to explain procedures and results in an understandable manner and to monitor their well-being during procedures. The sample size of the study is small; thus further confirmation is needed. However, the implications for training residents and practicing radiologists in these behaviors are important in the current competitive medical milieu.

Consumer Behavior↗

PubMed1990

A multifacet typology of patient satisfaction with a hospital stay.

The author views patient satisfaction after a hospital visit as a combination of several different and distinct evaluations. Patients are posited to form satisfaction judgments concurrently for each of the individual "objects" (e.g., physician, insurance provider) comprising the health care system. With patient data from four geographic areas, the author examines this multifacet view empirically and uses it to derive a typology of patient satisfaction. The study results suggest two broad groups of patients, the "satisfieds" and the "dissatisfieds." Finally, the author delineates the behavioral and demographic characteristics that discriminate between the two groups. Implications for health care researchers, practitioners, and public policy officials are presented.

Consumer Behavior↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Patients' Perceived Involvement in Care Scale: relationship to attitudes about illness and medical care.

This report describes the development of the Perceived Involvement in Care Scale (PICS), a self-report questionnaire for patients, and its relation to primary care patients' attitudes regarding their illnesses and the management of them. The questionnaire was administered to three independent samples of adult primary care patients. Patients' satisfaction and their attitudes regarding their illnesses are evaluated after their medical visits. This instrument is designed to examine three relatively distinct factors: 1) doctor facilitation of patient involvement, 2) level of information exchange, and 3) patient participation in decision making. Of these factors, doctor facilitation and patient decision making were related significantly to patients' satisfaction with care. Doctor facilitation and information exchange related consistently to patients' perceptions of post-visit changes in their understanding, reassurance, perceived control over illness, and expectations for improvement in functioning. The role of physicians in enhancing patient involvement in care and the potential therapeutic benefits of physician facilitative behavior are addressed.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Doctor-patient communication and the quality of care.

In this article a comparison is made between three independent sources of assessment of medical consultations. A panel of 12 experienced general practitioners rated 103 consultations with hypertensive patients on the quality of psychosocial care. There was a wide consensus between the judges, resulting in a high reliability score. Two contrasting groups were formed: consultations that were rated high and those rated low in quality of psychosocial care. A comparison was made between this general assessment of the quality of psychosocial care and a more detailed assessment of the same consultations on nine much used communication variables made by trained psychologists. Knowledge about doctor-patient communication proved to predict very well as to which quality group the consultations belonged. A very high percentage (95%) was predicted accurately, solely on the basis of these nine communication variables. Affective behaviour, and especially nonverbal affective behaviour had the strongest predictive power. In the last part of the study a third source of assessment, i.e. patients' satisfaction was compared with both other sources. Much lower relationships were found, although most were in the predicted direction. Affective behavior seems to be the most important in determining patient's satisfaction. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Patient noncompliance in dermatomycosis. Results of a survey among dermatologists and general practitioners and patients.

Noncompliance among dermatomycosis patients exists in many forms and is widespread. Patients are noncompliant in two major areas: they reduce the number of necessary daily applications of the antifungal drug and they prematurely stop the therapy. A survey among 35 dermatologists and general practitioners as well as 230 dermatomycosis patients in Germany in 1982 showed that noncompliance is widespread: a total of 48% of patients neglected the proper daily dosage schedule, 44% reduced the number of daily applications, whereas 4% increased them. 25% of patients stopped treatment after the symptoms had disappeared. However, there is no such thing like the noncompliant patients personality. Depending on the kind of noncompliance, different personality structures appear. And based on the patient's overall attitude towards noncompliance - one third confesses to be noncompliant - the psychological picture becomes even more complex and multifaceted. Improving patient compliance seems to be most promising by better, i.e. more thorough, doctor-patient communication and antifungal drugs that minimize the risks of noncompliant behavior by requiring less daily applications and a shorter time of treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Physician behaviors that correlate with patient satisfaction.

The behavior of 15 internal medicine residents, each with 10 patients, was observed through a one-way mirror. Ratings by the patients of satisfaction with their physicians were also obtained. Patient satisfaction correlated strongly with ratings for physician courtesy and information-giving, Nonverbal behaviors such as eye contact, bodily positioning, and physical contact did not correlate with patient satisfaction. The correlations between physician behavior and patient satisfaction did not hold for the four women physicians studied.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Subtle Instruction to Quit Smoking May be Efficacious for Certain Smokers.

There is no doubt that well-designed advertisements influence behavior of consumers, though the effects may vary depending on the advertisement targets. This is particularly true of tobacco advertisements. Deliberately coined words and images can effectively lead persons, especially youth, to acquiring smoking habits. However, demonstrating the effects of advertisements behavioral changes (eg. starting smoking and quitting smoking) in a framework of research is generally difficult, and epidemiologists tend to adopt a conservative stance against the association between such subtle messages and behavioral changes. Although we understand this stance as epidemiologists, we dare to report here a potential effect of a seemingly trivial message against smoking as observed in a follow-up study of smokers.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1981

Assessment of nonverbal communication in the patient-physician interview.

The interview portion of 34 patient-physician visits at a family medical center was videotaped. Videotapes were screened by two judges in two major nonverbal categories, immediacy and relaxation. Physician and patient were scored separately at 40-second intervals for 11 component parameters of the two major categories. These scores were correlated with patient satisfaction and understanding, ascertained by post-interview questionnaire. For analytical purposes, patients were assigned to low or high satisfaction groups and low or high understanding groups. Statistically significant (P less than or equal to 05) differences between low and high satisfaction groups were demonstrated with respect to overall physician immediacy; five individual physician nonverbal parameters; and two individual patient nonverbal parameters. Similar statistical results were obtained for understanding groups. This preliminary investigation suggests that nonverbal behavior of the physician in the patient-physician interview is important in determining patient satisfaction and understanding.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Consumer perceptions of health care services: implications for academic medicine.

The factor analytic development of various measures of consumer perceptions regarding characteristics of doctors and health care services is described. Index scores meeting factor analytic and reliability criteria were used to study the importance of consumer perceptions in relation to behavioral outcomes. Numerous dimensions of consumer perceptions were identified and described, including beliefs about doctor conduct in terms of quality of care and humaneness of health care delivery as well as satisfaction with such enabling components as the continuity of care, availability and convenience of services, and various access mechanisms (cost, payment mechanisms, and ease of emergency care facilities). Measures of these perceptions were shown to be related to differences in several estimates of health services utilization. The use of the index scores which have met empirical criteria is in contrast to the common practice of using individual questionnaire items as the unit of analysis in health care research. Findings are discussed in relation to program planning and evaluation in medical education, and suggestions for future research are noted.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Patients' participation in medical care: effects on blood sugar control and quality of life in diabetes.

To maximize disease control, patients must participate effectively in their medical care. The authors developed an intervention designed to increase the involvement of patients in medical decision making. In a 20-minute session just before the regular visit to a physician, a clinic assistant reviewed the medical record of each experimental patient with him/her, guided by a diabetes algorithm. Using systematic prompts, the assistant encouraged patients to use the information gained to negotiate medical decisions with the doctor. A randomized trial was conducted in two university hospital clinics to compare this intervention with standard educational materials in sessions of equal length. The mean pre-intervention glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) values were 10.6 +/- 2.1% for 33 experimental patients and 10.3 +/- 2.0% for 26 controls. After the intervention the mean levels were 9.1 +/- 1.9% in the experimental group (p less than 0.01) and 10.6 +/- 2.22% for controls. Analysis of audiotapes of the visits to the physician showed the experimental patients were twice as effective as controls in eliciting information from the physician. Experimental patients reported significantly fewer function limitations. The authors conclude that the intervention is feasible and that it changes patient behavior, improves blood sugar control, and decreases functional limitations.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMed1978

A survey of patient and auxiliary problems as they relate to behavioral dentistry curricula.

The attempt to prepare students to manage problems in their dental practices must be preceded by precise identification of specific problems. The purpose of this study was to identify such problems. A random sample of practicing dentists cited collecting fees, poor patient motivation, patient fear, and broken or cancelled appointments as their most commonly encountered patient problems. The most commonly cited auxiliary problems were retraining auxiliary personnel and poor motivation. The dentists gave support to courses addressing these topics in the third and fourth years of the dental curriculum. The survey supports the increasing emphasis on behavioral dentistry curricula and identifies the most relevant topics for such courses.

Appointments and Schedules↗

PubMed1989

Devising standards for patient education in a teaching hospital.

The Patient Education Committee's work to develop patient education standards and criteria has been a challenging and positive experience for the committee members. Some questions about the standards and criteria have yet to be answered, and further refinement may be indicated by future monitoring and evaluation activities. For example, the question still remains of how realistic, achievable, and measureable are the standards. Work on patient education standards continues. Excellence in patient education will only be achieved when nurses are fully committed to it as an integral part of nursing care, when issues related to evaluation are clearly and consistently addressed, and when the process of patient education is continually refined to achieve effective outcomes and desired behavioral changes. Developing standards and working within the QA context is the first step along the path to high-quality patient education.

British Columbia↗

PubMed1988

The dentist-patient relationship: perceived dentist behaviors that reduce patient anxiety and increase satisfaction.

This study relates perceived dentist behaviors to anxiety reduction in patients during treatment, and to satisfaction with the dental visit. The sample consisted of 250 adult patients, 110 men and 140 women, at two outpatient hospital dental clinics. Immediately after treatment, patients were asked to respond to a list of 25 dentist behaviors thought to be associated with positive dentist-patient interaction. Criterion measures obtained by patients were self-ratings of anxiety during treatment and satisfaction measures from the DVSS. Ten behaviors were significantly associated with anxiety reduction. A stepwise multiple regression analysis with anxiety reduction as the dependent variable indicated that to the patient, the dentist's explicit dedication to prevent pain was the most important dentist behavior, with friendliness, working quickly, being calm, and giving moral support, being important auxiliary behaviors. Most of the 25 dentist behaviors studied were associated with patient satisfaction. A stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the dentist's empathy and communicativeness were among important correlates of patient satisfaction. An experimental approach to causal analysis of anxiety reducing behaviors needs to be studied.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Creating customer-oriented employees: the case in home health care.

Little empirical research has examined the organizational factors that influence the extent to which health care providers engage in customer-oriented behaviors. The authors examine the influence of role ambiguity, role conflict, and job satisfaction on the customer-oriented behaviors of home health care representatives. Managerial implications based on the study findings are discussed.

Allied Health Personnel↗

PubMed1990

Sex of physician: patients' preferences and stereotypes.

Patients' preferences for physicians of a particular sex tend to skew sex distributions of clinical populations in training and practice settings. A study was developed to explore these preferences and potential reasons for them. Of 185 adult patients surveyed at four family practice residency clinics, 45% expressed a preference for sex of physician; 43% of women and 12% of men preferred a female physician, while 31% of men and 9% of women preferred a male physician. Patients who stated no overall preference often expressed one in specific clinical situations, eg, anal or genital examinations. Patients who preferred female physicians reported humane behaviors as more characteristic of female physicians, and those who preferred male physicians reported humane behaviors as more characteristic of men; patients who had no overall sex preference did not sex stereotype physicians on these behaviors (F = 59.34, P less than .01). Patients who preferred male physicians reported technical competence behaviors as more characteristic of male physicians; others did not sex stereotype physicians on these behaviors (F = 15.4, P less than .01). Patients rated humaneness and comprehensiveness as being of high priority, but no relationship was found between priorities for aspects of care and preferences for sex of physician. Areas for future investigation include assessing preferences in other populations and exploring sex differences in physician behavior during office encounters and correlating these differences with patient satisfaction.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Knowledge, attitude, and compliance dimensions of antibiotic therapy with PPIs: A community pharmacy-based study.

This pilot project was conducted to measure the effectiveness of patient package inserts (PPIs) when controlled interventions by pharmacists are increased. The PPIs were designed to be easily understood by patients and included information on possible side effects, interactions, compliance and instructions on how to take the medication. PPIs for penicillin and ampicillin were evaluated. Data analysis yielded the following results for respondents receiving PPIs as compared with those who did not: satisfaction with the amount of drug information received; increase in knowledge concerning the drug's proper use; higher rates of compliance; high rating given to the "helpfullness" of the PPI information; interest in receiving PPIs routinely, particularly with new prescriptions. The PPIs developed for this study were found to be valuable tools to respondents for understanding how to take their medications, both in terms of knowledge and behavior. Verbal reinforcement of the PPI by the pharmacist was also found to be helpful.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2002

Evaluating quality of telehealth advice nursing.

Despite an increased interest in advice nursing, the quality of care has not been addressed. This article examines the quality of the nursing process (including problem identification, care planning, intervention, and evaluation) and its relationship to patient (consumer) outcomes. A sample of 157 nonredundant telephone calls from adults with medical-surgical problems were audiotaped, with providers' and callers' consent, and were rated through an implicit review method by registered nurse raters. The quality of the nursing process was found to be the best in the area of intervention. Patient (consumer) satisfaction was high with 95.4% of the consumers rating the calls as completely or at least somewhat satisfying, and 93.2% stating the advice was very or somewhat helpful. This study pioneers a way to rate the quality of advice nursing and lays the groundwork for further investigations of health care provider behavior and consumer outcomes.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Patients' percentions of physicians' behavior: determinants of patient commitment to the therapeutic relationship.

This study examines the hypothesis that patients decide to remain committed to their primary care physicians (or to leave them and "doctor shop") primarily on the basis of the "socioemotional" aspects of the physicians' behavior. It was hypothesized that physicians' demonstrations of caring for patients as people and their openness of communication would be predictive of patient commitment to the therapeutic relationship, and that the physicians' competence and role performance (including thoroughness of information gathering) as perceived by patients would be less important. Interviews were conducted with 342 inpatients and ambulatory patients in a large urban community teaching hospital after a visit with one of 38 house officers in internal medicine. Each patient was asked to (a) rate his or her physician on nine performance variables, (b) indicate his or her intention to return to that physician in the future or seek a different one, and (c) state his or her education, occupation, age, and present illness condition. The physicians' socioemotional behavior (caring and openness to communication), as well as their accessibility, tended to weight heavily in patients' decisions to continue the physician-patient relationship. In addition, the importance of some specific physician behaviors (for example, the physician's willingness to explain the medical condition) varied among subpopulations of patients.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗