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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Endocrine system of the gastrointestinal tract. Pathophysiology with a clinical view].

Present role of the hormones produced in the gastrointestinal tract is shown in this short overview. Selected actual information on glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and somatostatin is presented as an example in development of the knowledge of pathophysiology and of the possibilities in their clinical use. It is evident that hormones originating from the gastrointestinal tract are perspective not only in relationship to the explanation of pathophysiology of different diseases but they may be used more for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Digestive System Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1992

The parathyroid hormone- 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D endocrine system and magnesium status in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: current concepts.

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a chronic metabolic disorder which can induce alterations in bone metabolism (osteopenia) and/or in mineral homeostasis, mainly during growth. Some data suggest that these alterations may be related to low serum magnesium values found in IDDM that induce a functional hypoparathyroid state. In this paper, some aspects are revised relating to altered magnesium and mineral homeostasis in children with IDDM and their possible relationships. The role of osteocalcin, a specific osteoblast protein product, as a biochemical marker of diabetic osteopenia is also discussed. In addition, on the basis of personal experience, it is shown that the deranged parathyroid hormone-vitamin D axis in IDDM is reversed after normalization of magnesium serum levels by oral magnesium. Thus available data suggest that hypomagnesaemia is involved in the genesis of the altered mineral metabolism in children with IDDM.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[A new way for study of meridian essence].

OBJECTIVE: To explore a new way for study of meridian essence. METHODS: Review and analyze survey of studies of meridian essence at home and abroad in the last 20 years, and introduce structural characteristics and function of the gap junction channels, hemichannels as well as some similarities with meridians. RESULTS: The effects of acupuncture are related with the nerve system, endocrine system, immune system, connective tissue, and so on. Homocellular and/or heterocellular gap junction channels, hemichannels between the heterocells and homocells may be the structural substance by which mechanical signals similar to acupuncture can be translated into bioelectrical and/or biochemical signals. CONCLUSION: The effects of acupuncture are comprehensive response of the nerve system, blood vessel system, endocrine system and immune system and other systems with the gap junction channels and hemichannel of high density as substance basis and the fluid between cells and tissues as the buffer system.

Acupuncture↗
PubMed2005

[Effects of arsenic on reproductive and endocrine system of female rats].

OBJECTIVE: Effects of arsenic on the levels of estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) in serum of female rats, as well as histopathological changes of ovary and adrenal gland were researched. METHODS: The hormone levels of female rats were determined by RIA exposing arsenic for 10 weeks, and histopathological examination of ovary and adrenal gland were performed with light microscope. RESULTS: In spite of LH, there was no levels of three hormones (P > 0.05). However, different extents of histopathological changes in ovary and adrenal gland were found. CONCLUSION: LH is a sensitive index on hormones of female rats, but it may directly damage the reproductive system.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1990

[Interrelation between hemodynamic parameters and the functional state of components of the endocrine system in patients with pheochromocytoma].

Ten patients with pheochromocytoma were examined before operation, 8 were examined 2-4 weeks after surgical treatment, and 30 in the long-term periods after elimination of hypercatecholaminemia. The patients with pheochromocytoma manifested activation of the renin-aldosterone system and inhibition of PGE2 secretion. In the long-term postoperative period, the level of aldosterone in the blood plasma was increased and that of PGE2 was reduced. In the patients with pheochromocytoma, the interrelation was discovered between the magnitude of arterial blood pressure and secretion of catecholamines, deoxycorticosterone, depressor prostaglandins. At different times after surgical treatment the central hemodynamics was found to be related to the level of mineralocorticoid hormones.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Follow-up study of non-neoplastic Cushing's syndrome followed by paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome after removal of a malignant pulmonary tumor. Role of the diffuse endocrine system and APUD (amine precursor uptake decarboxylase) cells].

A 27 year old woman had in 1965, a paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome was cured by removal of a pulmonary tumour. The case was published in June 1968. After a normal pregnancy, a recurrence of the Cushing's syndrome in 1969 led in 1970 to bilateral total adrenalectomy in two stages. Pathology showed hyperplastic adrenal glands. After 11 years follow up, we have not noted any relapse of the tumour nor of the Cushing's syndrome. The pathological appearance of the lung carcinoma removed in 1965 (endocrinoid or neuroid structures) suggests that this was an "apudoma" and that the recurrence of the Cushing's syndrome was perhaps an "apudomatosis" involving the pituitary ACTH cells.

APUD Cells↗