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Results for “Functional Laterality”

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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Recognition of facial expression in diverging socioeconomic levels.

Cerebral organization has been seen to vary in different social or ethnic groups; also, sociocultural retardation is a serious obstacle to development in poorer countries. The ability of the right hemisphere to recognize facial emotions in a tachistoscopic task was tested in university and low-socioeconomic-level subjects. All were male and right-handed. The university students recognized facial emotions projected to their left field-right hemisphere significantly better than with their right field-left hemisphere; the low-socioeconomic-level subjects showed no differences in hemispheric performance. The explanation of laterality as a function of social class may be of importance in dealing with sociocultural retardation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Motor and psychomotor functions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis evaluated by tests of motor ability.

18 patients with typical sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) were investigated by the Motor Accuracy and Speed Test (MAST) and 18 healthy age- and-sex-matched volunteers, acted as controls. All performed each of the five tests 10 times with both the right and the left hands and repeated the experiment after one week by the same procedure. Motor performances were better in the controls than in the ALS patients only in the first three tasks. At retest, one week later, the controls generally improved while ALS patients did not. The mean percentages of changes showed a statistically significant difference in the fifth task. Analysis of the results suggests the possibility that, among the other mechanisms, a disturbance of motor learning ability could be operating in ALS patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy: anatomic and functional evaluation.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the anatomic and functional consequences of lateral internal sphincterotomy in patients who developed anal incontinence and in matched controls. METHODS: The study includes 13 patients with anal incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy and 13 controls who underwent the same operation and were continent and satisfied with the results of the procedure. Patients underwent clinical evaluation, anorectal manometry, pudendal nerve terminal motor latency testing, and endoanal ultrasonography. RESULTS: Sphincterotomies were longer in incontinent patients (75 vs. 57 percent), but the resting pressure and length of the high-pressure zone were not different between groups. Surprisingly, maximum voluntary contraction was higher in incontinent patients than in continent controls (136 vs. 100 mmHg). Rectal sensation and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency were similar in both groups. The defect in the internal sphincter was wider in incontinent patients than in continent controls (17.3 vs. 14.4 mm), but these differences were not statistically significant. The thickness of the internal sphincter measured by endoanal ultrasound was identical in both groups, but the external sphincter was thinner in incontinent patients both at the site of the sphincterotomy (6.8 vs. 8.1 mm) and in the posterior midline (7.1 vs. 8.6 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Anal incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy is directly related to the length of the sphincterotomy. Whether secondary to preoperative sphincter abnormality or the result of lateral internal sphincterotomy, the external sphincter is thinner in incontinent patients than in continent controls.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Neural network model of the primary visual cortex: from functional architecture to lateral connectivity and back.

The role of intrinsic cortical dynamics is a debatable issue. A recent optical imaging study (Kenet et al., 2003) found that activity patterns similar to orientation maps (OMs), emerge in the primary visual cortex (V1) even in the absence of sensory input, suggesting an intrinsic mechanism of OM activation. To better understand these results and shed light on the intrinsic V1 processing, we suggest a neural network model in which OMs are encoded by the intrinsic lateral connections. The proposed connectivity pattern depends on the preferred orientation and, unlike previous models, on the degree of orientation selectivity of the interconnected neurons. We prove that the network has a ring attractor composed of an approximated version of the OMs. Consequently, OMs emerge spontaneously when the network is presented with an unstructured noisy input. Simulations show that the model can be applied to experimental data and generate realistic OMs. We study a variation of the model with spatially restricted connections, and show that it gives rise to states composed of several OMs. We hypothesize that these states can represent local properties of the visual scene.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1983

Functional correlations between lateral hypothalamic glucose-sensitive neurons and hepatic portal glucose-sensitive units in rat.

The effects of glucose injection into the hepatic portal vein on neural activity of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) were studied in rats. A majority of identified glucose-sensitive neurons in the LHA were inhibited by portal injection of glucose. This was found to be mediated through the alpha-noradrenergic pathways. Most of the glucose-insensitive neurons did not respond to the same procedure. Portal injection of hypertonic saline increased neural activity of some glucose-insensitive neurons but no glucose-sensitive neurons responded. Convergence of hepatic vagal afferent glucose-sensitive units on LHA glucose-sensitive neurons was clarified by this study.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1985

The human corpus striatum and dentate nucleus: volumetric analysis for hemispheric asymmetries, sex differences, and aging changes.

The corpus striatum and the dentate nucleus were examined for volumetric asymmetries, sex differences in volume, and for aging changes in volume in a sample of 27 human brains ranging in age from 281 days of gestation to 94 years of age. No statistically significant hemispheric asymmetries were found, and no sex differences in volume or in degree of hemispheric asymmetry were found. It was found that the volumes of the corpus striatum and the dentate nucleus decrease in relation to the volume of the whole hemisphere with aging, but the rate of decrease is different before than after sexual maturity. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to lateralization of motor functioning, sex differences in the brain, and aging changes in the brain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A dissociation of right and left hemispheric effects for recognizing emotional tone and verbal content.

Emotionally intoned sentences (happy, sad, angry, and neutral voices) were dichotically paired with monotone sentences. A left ear advantage was found for recognizing emotional intonation, while a simultaneous right ear advantage was found for recognizing the verbal content of the sentences. The results indicate a right hemispheric superiority in recognizing emotional stimuli. These findings are most reasonably attributed to differential lateralization of emotional functions, rather than to subject strategy effects. No evidence was found to support a hypothesis that each hemisphere is involved in processing different types of emotion.

Anger↗
PubMed1995

Asymmetry in plantar grasp response during infancy.

The neurologic outcomes of 61 children with asymmetric plantar grasp responses during infancy were evaluated during a follow-up period of 2.8-11.9 years (mean: 6.1 years). They all had perinatal risk factors and/or neurologic signs except for asymmetric plantar grasp responses recorded during infancy. The outcomes consisted of cerebral palsy in 38, delay in motor development in 6, mental retardation in 3, borderline intelligence in 9, and normal in 5. Most patients demonstrated concordance between the side of the abnormal response and the laterally in motor function and abnormal computed tomographic findings. The asymmetry in the plantar grasp response strongly suggests the existence of brain dysfunction. Infants with this asymmetry should be carefully monitored for the development of neurologic abnormalities.

Brain↗
PubMed2004

Hostility and facial affect recognition: effects of a cold pressor stressor on accuracy and cardiovascular reactivity.

The effects of hostility and a cold pressor stressor on the accuracy of facial affect perception were examined in the present experiment. A mechanism whereby physiological arousal level is mediated by systems which also mediate accuracy of an individual's interpretation of affective cues is described. Right-handed participants were classified as high hostile (N = 28) or low hostile (N = 28) using the Cook Medley Hostility Scale. The high-hostile group met joint selection criteria. Only high-hostile participants who showed cardiovascular reactivity to the cold pressor, with systolic BP change exceeding the group mean were included. Groups were further subdivided into cold pressor and non-cold pressor test conditions. It was predicted that high-hostile men, relative to low-hostile men, would show decreased perceptual accuracy when presented with happy, angry, and neutral facial configurations within the left visual field (LVF). Results indicated that high-hostile men were less accurate than low-hostile men in the LVF. Further, pre-stress accuracy scores in the high-hostile men were similar to the post-stress accuracy scores of the low-hostile men. The lateralization of affective function and the role of physiological arousal in affective facial perception are discussed.

Affect↗