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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Enzyme histochemistry on skeletal muscle of the human foetus.

The differentiation of fibre types in developing human skeletal muscle was studied. The material consisted of muscle samples from different muscles of 86 foetuses (abortions) between 12 weeks gestation and delivery and 50 children 1 day to 7 years old. The latter samples were obtained at surgery. Histochemical stains for myofibrillar ATPase were made after preincubations at pH 4.3, 4.6 and 10.3 in order to identify the subgroups A and B of type II fibres and undifferentiated fibres (type II C). Stains for glycogen and lipids were also performed as well as for NADH-diaphorase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. After 20 weeks gestation a few large size type I fibers could be found in some muscles, but not until after the 30th week were some type II A fibres seen. During the last 3 months of gestation a very rapid further differentiation occurred, but at delivery the differentiation process was still not completed. At birth 15-20% of the fibres were classified as undifferentiated. This picture only gradually changed with a slow increase in the number of type I, II A and II B fibres. The stains for metabolic enzymes and substrates were pale until late in foetal life when some distinction between fibre types became discernible.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1979

Occurrence and possible adaptive significance of some histochemically demonstrable dehydrogenases in two entosymbiotic rhabdocoels (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria).

1. The occurrence and distribution of twelve dehydrogenases have been studied histochemically in two species of rhabdocoel turbellarians entosymbiotic in marine bivalves. 2. Both species (Paravortex scrobiculariae in Scrobicularia plana and P. cardii in Cerastoderma edule) possess dehydrogenases concerned with the three major energy-producing pathways. 3. P. scrobiculariae shows a much greater emphasis on glycolysis than does P. cardii. 4. It is suggested that the emphasis on glycolysis in P. scrobiculariae is an adaptation to regular variations in oxygen supply in its habitat; this adaptation facilitates feeding and associated migrations within the host which occur at times when the host is not submerged by the tide and when oxygen is likely to be in short supply. 5. Dehydrogenases associated with the pentose phosphate shunt are especially evident in the developing embryos of both species and are probably concerned with synthesis of nucleotides and nucleoproteins.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inherited enzyme variation among JAX strains of domestic rabbits.

Twelve proteins were assayed for electrophoretic polymorphism in inbred and partially inbred JAX strains of the domestic rabbit. Four enzymes (mannosephosphate isomerase, soluble and mitochondrial malic enzyme, and methemoglobin reductase) were determined to be genetically polymorphic.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Glycolytic enzymes of Trypanosoma brucei. Simultaneous purification, intraglycosomal concentrations and physical properties.

We have developed a method for the simultaneous purification of hexokinase, glucosephosphate isomerase, phosphofructokinase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, triosephosphate isomerase, D-glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glycerol kinase from Trypanosoma brucei in yields varying over 8-55%. Crude glycosomes were prepared by differential centrifugation of cell homogenates. Subsequent hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose resulted in six pools containing various mixtures of enzymes. These pools were processed via affinity chromatography (immobilized ATP), hydrophobic interaction chromatography (octyl-Sepharose) and ion-exchange chromatography (CM- and DEAE-cellulose) which resulted in the purification of all nine enzymes. The native enzyme and subunit molecular masses, as determined by gel filtration and gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, were compared with those of their homologous counterparts from other organisms. Trypanosomal hexokinase is a hexamer and differs in subunit composition from the mammalian enzymes (monomers) as well as in subunit size (51 kDa versus 96-100 kDa, respectively). Phosphofructokinase only differs in subunit size (51 kDa for T. brucei versus 80-90 kDa for mammals) but had identical subunit composition (tetrameric). The others all have the same subunit composition as their mammalian counterparts. Except for triosephosphate isomerase, all Trypanosoma enzymes have subunits which are 1-5 kDa larger in size. Together these nine enzymes contribute 3.3 +/- 1.6% to the total cellular protein of T. brucei and at least 90% to the total glycosomal protein. A comparison of calculated intraglycosomal concentrations of the enzymes with the glycosomal metabolite concentrations shows that in the case of aldolase, glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglycerate kinase, the concentration of active sites is of the same order of magnitude as that of their reactants. A common feature of the glycosomal glycolytic enzymes (with the exception of glucosephosphate isomerase) is that they are highly basic proteins with pI values between 8.8 and 10.2, values which are 1-4 higher than in the case of their mammalian cytosolic counterparts and 3-6 higher than in the case of the various unicellular organisms. It is suggested that both the larger subunit size and the basic character of the T. brucei glycolytic proteins are involved in the routing of the enzymes from their site of biogenesis (the cytosol) towards their site of action (the glycosome).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effects of glucocorticoid treatment and food restriction on rat hindlimb muscles.

Various metabolic, histochemical, and contractile measurements were made on soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of adult rats treated with triamcinolone acetonide (1 mg . kg-1 . day-1 for 6 wk), and compared to similar measurements in pair-fed and control animals. Contractile measurements were performed in situ under pentobarbital anesthesia. Gastrocnemius muscles from steroid-treated rats showed higher twitch and tetanic tensions when expressed in grams/gram of muscle, compared to control rats. Similar, although less marked, trends occurred in the less atrophied gastrocnemius muscles from pair-fed rats. Soleus muscles from steroid-treated rats exhibited significantly higher (139% of control) twitch tension (grams/gram of muscle), and elevated twitch/tetanus ratios, compared to control and pair-fed groups. No alterations occurred in muscle contractile speed in either muscle. The greater atrophy of fast compared to slow fiber types in gastrocnemius muscles under both experimental conditions did not occur in the soleus, a predominantly slow-twitch muscle. The atrophic and contractile responses of fast and slow muscles to these two conditions were quantitatively as well as qualitatively different.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1984

Enhancement of choline dehydrogenase activity in rat liver mitochondria by clofibrate feeding.

Male rats were fed a diet containing 0.75% clofibrate. After three weeks, the specific activity of choline dehydrogenase of a liver mitochondrial fraction was more then doubled. However, the activity of two other NAD-independent flavoenzymes of the inner mitochondrial membrane namely proline and succinate dehydrogenases were not altered significantly. Thus changes of the inner mitochondrial membrane induced by clofibrate seem to be restricted to some particular enzymes.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗