Computer assisted learning aids management of course information.
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Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Informal learning”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer: scientific rationale and patient care.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe the history of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), review the current scientific literature comparing the benefits and shortcomings of SLNB with traditional axillary lymph node dissection, and describe the nursing role that should be employed when instructing patients who are considering SLNB. DATA SOURCES: Journal articles, published research data, and clinical experience. DATA SYNTHESIS: Traditional axillary lymph node dissection has the potential to cause serious complications such as lymphedema, scarring, numbness, pain, and psychological distress. Given that approximately 70% of women with early-stage breast cancer will have no evidence of regional lymph node involvement at the time of surgery, determining who is likely to have negative nodes will spare women these potential complications. SLNB can significantly minimize the morbidity associated with axillary lymph node dissection while providing accurate diagnostic and prognostic information. CONCLUSION: SLNB has been well documented in the scientific literature from multiple phase III clinical trials as an accurate, safe, and fiscally conservative alternative to traditional axillary lymph node dissection for women who present with early-stage breast cancer. Furthermore, future results from multicenter, randomized clinical trials now under way ultimately will determine the role for SLNB in the years to come. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses in the outpatient setting can help to minimize the anxiety and fear that patients have when they are considering SLNB versus the more traditional axillary lymph node dissection. Oncology nurses also serve as resources to other nurses, healthcare professionals, and the public as more information is learned concerning the role of SLNB in early-stage breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms↗
[Wang Yinglin and his answer to the questions of a Korean physician].
The book named Da Chaoxianyi Wen (Answer to the Questions of a Korean Physician), written in 1624, recorded the written answers of Wang Yinglin, a Chinese official in the Ming dynasty, to the questions of Yin Zhiwei, a Korean official physician. The 24 A&Qs concerned about the therapy of ordinary diseases, channels and the theories of TCM, etc. The study of this book could not only clarify various questions on the exchanges between Wang and Yin, but also learn more information on the development of Korean medicine at that time.
Books↗
Delay of information in paired-associate learning among incarcerated groups of sociopaths and heroin addicts.
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Adolescent↗
The role of the microscope in 21st century endodontics: visions of a new frontier.
In endodontics, the microscope is indispensable. Clinicians are discovering that every facet of endodontics is better, safer, and easier. Microscopic endodontics is a new technology that emphasizes visual information, rather than tactile information. The learning curve can be fairly steep, but it is one worth climbing. Future controlled studies should document an improvement of endodontic outcomes. This is becoming more true as dentistry becomes more extensive and expensive, and needs to last longer and longer. The days of "easy cases" are much fewer, even for the general practitioner. Lastly, there is a groundswell conversation, at least in the endodontic community, that the benefits of the microscope are beyond biology. Clinicians experience a greater sense of personal and professional fulfillment because they are not achieving what is "good enough," but aspiring to "what is possible."
Dental Fistula↗
Information and effect in incidental learning.
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Humans↗
Wellness and prevention.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The importance of wellness and prevention in medical education is well documented. This report discusses the educational innovations in wellness and prevention that were implemented as part of the Undergraduate Medical Education for the 21st Century (UME-21) project. METHODS: Eight partner schools and four of the 10 associate partner schools provided specific information about learning objectives, content, and methods used in incorporating wellness and prevention into the curriculum. Based on these reports, common learning objectives and core content were identified. RESULTS: Many schools emphasized that integration of content across courses and throughout the preclinical and clinical years was important in incorporating wellness and prevention content into existing curricula. A variety of instructional methods were used, including didactic lectures, workshops, smallgroup sessions, case studies, computer-based instructional modules, patient simulators, and standardized patient encounters. Based on partner reports, after completing the UME-21 project, students demonstrated gains in knowledge, clinical skills, and positive attitudes toward preventive care and wellness. The project outcome data indicated that student instruction in and exposure to preventive care was increased during the project. However, these increases were not significant when compared to their peers from non-UME-21 schools. CONCLUSIONS: Although partner schools used different methods to incorporate wellness and prevention, the UME-21 project was an effective project in improving the educational experience in this content area for students from institutions that included this area in their educational innovations.
Clinical Competence↗
Permanent global amnesia: case report.
PURPOSE: To present a case of permanent global amnesia related to hippocampal damage. Permanent global amnesia is a very rare condition of unknown etiology; lesions restricted to the hippocampus are uncommon, which hinders investigations of this pattern of memory loss. This case is unusually well documented, as the patient underwent extensive neuropsychological evaluations. CLINICAL FEATURES: A cheerful right-handed, 83-year-old retired electrician was first evaluated in 1990 for progressive difficulty in learning new information and in recalling events over the preceding 3-4 years. Tests over the next 5 years showed that the impairment was confined to episodic declarative memory. New verbal information could be stored only in episodic memory in a restricted manner, limited by short-term memory capacity. A relatively mild retrograde amnesia was detected. Semantic and implicit memory was spared, as were other functions evaluated. The patient's language and executive function were strikingly efficient. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed bilateral atrophy of the hippocampi and amygdalae, ruling out conditions such as tumour growth. A diagnosis of permanent global amnesia was made. In the ensuing years, the retrograde amnesia worsened, but no new deficits were identified. CONCLUSION: This case, the first with a detailed cognitive examination, is evidence of a relatively pure hippocampal pattern for memory loss in permanent global amnesia.
Aged↗
[Eating disorders--how to work with the family?].
Working with families with a child or an adult with an eating disorder is to work with the resources and limitations in the families, how they could cope with this challenge. Family interventions in eating disorders are counselling, working with the family and family-oriented therapy. Studies show documented effects, especially for patients below 18 with anorexia nervosa who have had this disorder for less than three years. Indications for going from working with the family to family therapy are conflicts between parents or between the child and parents, delayed or disturbed psychological development of the child, or when siblings or other family members are believed to have an effect on the healing. Family therapy is to work with the family as a system. The professional responsibilities, the practical tasks and the goals are about interaction in the family, about relations and communication patterns. Interventions in the family are mainly rooted in systemic family therapy. Motivational methods are important, as are cognitive methods and psychoeducational methods, information and learning how to cope with eating disorders.
Adolescent↗
[What is continuous medical education?].
The physician never stops his/her education. Continuous medical education has many tools: self-learning; electronic information, and correspondence and resident courses. Continuously education usually has been oriented toward specialist physicians, but of late has been directed toward generalphysicians, who provide primary care to 85% of the general population. The National Program of Actualization for General Physicians (PRONADAMEG) of the National of Academy of Medicine is offered at 76 headquarters to more than 10,000 students, initially with 400 hours over four semesters, sufficient for certification; at present, 200 hours over four quarters, it affords sufficient points to obtain general physician recertification. Student age is not a limitation, for physicians enrolled in PRONADAMEG as well as physicians who recently graduated. From medical school we have added at the end of every medical specialty a round table with active participation of students anda clinical for graduate medical can attend.
Education, Medical, Continuing↗
Evaluation of a new method to verify CE completion.
Methods of verifying completion of continuing education activities have changed recently as a result of adjustments in the criteria established by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation. Evaluation of the new method of verifying completion of CE articles in Urologic Nursing in 2003 yielded findings that demonstrated that individuals who sent CE answer/evaluation forms for CE articles were thoughtful and insightful in their responses. The responders reported that they learned new information and planned to apply the new knowledge to their practice.
Credentialing↗
[Memory and the executive functions].
INTRODUCTION: The terms 'executive functioning' or 'executive control' refer to a set of mechanisms involved in the improvement of cognitive processes to guide them towards the resolution of complex problems. Both the frontal lobes, acting as structure, and the executive processes, acting as function, work with memory contents, operating with information placed in the diencephalic structures and in the medial temporal lobe. Generally, we can state that many works find an association between frontal damage and specific memory shortages like working memory deficit, metamemory problems, source amnesia, or difficulties in the prospective memory. DEVELOPMENT: This paper is a critical review of the working memory concept and proposes a new term: the attentional operative system that works with memory contents. Concerning the metamemory, the frontal lobes are essential for monitoring processes in general and for 'the feeling of knowing' kind of judgements in particular. CONCLUSIONS: Patients suffering prefrontal damage show serious problems to remember the information source. Thus, the information is rightly remembered but the spatiotemporal context where that information was learned has been forgotten. Finally, the prospective memory deals with remembering to make something in a particular moment in the future and performing the plan previously drawn up.
Amnesia↗
Question time.
Choosing to train as a nurse is a major decision, rife with different emotions and considerations. Regardless of what point you have reached in your studies, whether you are studying towards a degree or diploma, whatever your age and whether you are from the UK or overseas, you face common challenges. These include surviving financially, juggling study and clinical placements, learning new information and addressing patients' needs. While the profession certainly offers exciting opportunities, nursing students in 2006 face a range of uncertainties. There have been cuts and freezes to existing and vacant posts across NHS trusts, while students from overseas face the additional problem that band 5 and 6 nursing posts have been removed from the Home Office's shortage occupation list. Will there be enough mentors to teach students? Will there be jobs when they qualify? How can students survive financially? Will overseas students be able to stay once qualified? NT put students' key questions to a panel of experts and influential figures.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
[The feature and direction of each controlled release morphine].
Recent advances in cancer pain management resulted with rapid spread of variety of opioids in Japan. During these two decades, many controlled release morphines for cancer pain management have been released in the Japanese market. As severe pain is most common and dreadful symptom in cancer patients, all physicians should learn correct information about opioid analgesics. In this article, the feature and direction of each controlled release morphine are described. Moreover, the target and method of cancer pain treatment are also described.
Analgesics, Opioid↗
Performance-based staff development. A baseline for clinical competence.
Changes in health-care financing, complex technological advancements, and an expanding nursing knowledge base have made it increasingly difficult for health care educators to assess and enhance the development of professional nurses. Using a set of objective evaluation methods and tools, educators assessed the competency of novice and experienced staff. This information identified learning and practice needs that formed the bases for individualized orientation and clinical educational programs.
Clinical Competence↗
Evolution of a cardiac transplantation program: role of the clinical nurse specialist.
The evolution of our cardiac transplantation program necessitated learning new information and adding new personnel to keep pace with the needs of our patient population. As the program developed, the role of the clinical nurse specialist also changed. The clinical component remains important, but is now shared with additional nursing personnel. Therefore, the CNS is able to devote more time to new program development, which includes devising policies and procedures, nurse orientation, and research. The CNS assigns a high priority to these duties, which are vital in planning for excellence in patient care and contributing to the growing scientific knowledge about heart transplantation.
Heart Transplantation↗
[Characteristics of the conditioned reaction of passive avoidance in rats after destruction of the terminal dopaminergic fields in the amygdaloid complex].
Character of conditioned reaction of passive avoidance was analyzed in Wistar line male rats after neurochemical destruction of terminal dopaminergic fields of the amygdalar complex. 6-hydroxydopamine was bilaterally administered to the central nucleus of the amygdalar complex after preliminary treating with desmethylimipramine for selective destruction of dopaminergic terminals. Lowering of dopamine level in the amygdalar complex led to a weakening of reproduction and to prolongation of spontaneous extinction of conditioned reaction. Features of conditioned reaction are highly similar to the effect of latent inhibition connected with attention deficit. It is suggested that activity of terminal fields of the amygdalar complex is one of the mechanisms providing for attention and intensifying selection of information in learning.
Amygdala↗
A home-visit program for first-year medical students as perceived by participating families.
A program to train first-year medical students to identify the impact of chronic disease on family functioning consists of a lecture/demonstration, reading materials, and a family home visit for small groups of eight students and an instructor. The authors used a self-report questionnaire to evaluate 30 families (88% response rate) participating in the home visits. Although 28% of families reported they were uncomfortable sharing a family problem, 90% of families reported no tensions or problems as a consequence of the visit. Two-thirds of the families learned new information about their family and two families decided to visit a health professional as a result of the visit. Almost all families were willing to participate again, demonstrating that family home visits are feasible and have few adverse consequences in a well-supervised training program.
Curriculum↗