SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Life Table Method”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Weighing risks in abdominal aortic aneurysm. Best repaired in an elective, not an emergency, procedure.

Abdominal aortic aneurysms are believed to result from several factors, one probably being inflammation that leads to dilatation, plaque deposition, and degeneration of the arterial wall. Most of these aneurysms are asymptomatic, but abdominal or back pain, shock, and a pulsatile abdominal mass indicate rupture. Initial aneurysm size exceeding 5 cm (2 in.) in diameter and the presence of hypertension and COPD are important predictors of rupture. The overall operative mortality rate with elective repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm has been reported to range from 0.9% to 5% at university medical centers, and it is only slightly higher at community hospitals. However, with a ruptured aneurysm and emergency repair, the mortality rate rises to about 75%. Several long-term studies using life-table methods have found that 5-year survival rates after aneurysm repair range from 49% to 84%. This rate is significantly better than the 5-year survival rate of patients who did not have an abdominal aortic aneurysm repaired. However, it is not as good as that of the normal age-matched population, probably because many patients with an aneurysm have concomitant coronary artery disease.

Aorta, Abdominal↗

PubMed1985

Medulloblastoma: a clinicopathological study of 42 cases.

Clinicopathological data have been collected for 42 patients with cerebellar medulloblastoma diagnosed and treated in Western Australia between the years 1961 and 1984. Thirty-one patients were male and 12 were over 14 years of age. In 31 patients the neoplasms were localized to the midline, while in 10 they were placed laterally in the cerebellar hemispheres. The remaining patient had a diffusely spreading neoplasm in the meninges of the posterior fossa. Thirty-nine underwent surgical treatment followed by postoperative radiotherapy. Three patients died in the early postoperative period. Twenty-four patients survived for one year or longer, 15 for two or more years, 10 for five years, and five survived longer than 10 years. The survival proportions estimated by the life-table method were 66% at one year, 48% at two years and 32% at 5 and 10 years. In one patient who survived for 23 years a meningioma developed, possibly due to radiotherapy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[The relapse rate in patients with bronchial asthma remission and the risk factors of relapse].

To investigate the relapse rate in patients with bronchial asthma remission, a questionnaire study was performed. The answer sheets from 450 of 865 patients who first visited Saitama Medical School Hospital before the age of 16 were obtained. 281 patients had been in asthma remission more than one year after the last their attack. Among them, 31 patients (14 males and 17 females) relapsed. Their average age of last attack was 15.1 +/- 3.6 years old. While the average age of the last attack in patients who did not relapse was 12.9 +/- 4.1. The average age of relapse was 20.8 +/- 4.2 and their duration of remission was 5.8 +/- 2.9 years. No relapse was observed after 14 years of remission. The most of the patients relapsed within 10 years. The relapse rate calculated by life table method was 13.5%. Relapse retes were calculated in various characteristics: females; 24.9%, patients who had severe symptoms at the first visit and moderately severe; 22.4%, 23.1%, respectively, positive history of steroid therapy; 25.1%, IgE level of more than 500 IU/ml; 19.7%, patients whose last attack was after the age of 13; 21.2%. Those figures are significantly higher than the opposite characteristics. The environmental factors significantly contribute to the relapse of remitted asthmatics. They are apartment house, ferroconcrete and aluminum-framed house, carpet in bedroom, pets, maternal or self-smoking. The asthmatic children who have those risk factors should be followed to prevent relapse and their environment controls should be adequately stressed even in asthma remission.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

[Prognosis and adjuvant chemotherapy of axillary node-negative breast cancer patients].

The significance of postoperative chemotherapy was studied in 439 cases of unilateral primary breast cancer which were proved histologically with no axillary lymph node metastasis. The survival rate was analyzed by life table method. The prognosis of node negative breast cancer patients was mainly associated with tumor size. 10 year survival rate of patients with tumor less than 3 cm treated operativel and by operation combined with chemotherapy was 92.60% and 94.13% respectively. If tumor size was larger than 3 cm, the ten year survival rate of the patients treated operatived was 79.89%, and that of the patients with combined theropy 96.02%. The prognosis was statistically different between the two groups. As to age, status of menopause, pathologral type, kind of surgery and status of ER, the prognosis of patients treated by combined therapy was better than that of patients treated by operation alone. The postoperative chemotherapy was not significantly beneficial to breast cancer patients with tumor less than 3 cm.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2000

PSA based review of adjuvant and salvage radiation therapy vs. observation in postoperative prostate cancer patients.

Because of the uncertainties regarding the efficacy of postoperative radiation therapy for early prostate cancer, treatment strategies following radical prostatectomy include: (1) observation alone in high-risk patients, (2) adjuvant radiation therapy (PSA undetectable) in high-risk patients, or (3) salvage radiation therapy for biochemical and clinical recurrence. Fifty-two patients treated with postoperative radiation therapy in either an adjuvant setting (13) or for salvage (39) were retrospectively reviewed. The actuarial biochemical disease-free survival (bNED) rates following radiation therapy were calculated using the life-table method. Univariate and multi variate analyses were used to define the clinical factors that predict biochemical failure following postoperative radiation therapy. In addition, the bNED survival rate for 36 high-risk surgery patients who were simply observed following prostatectomy was determined. The 3-year bNED survival rate for the adjuvant radiation group was 85% compared with 27% for salvage radiation and 43% for the observation group. These results are statistically significant. Factors that predict biochemical failure following postoperative radiation therapy include preoperative PSA level, pre-radiation therapy PSA level, and seminal vesicle involvement. At our institutions, adjuvant radiation therapy was a superior strategy compared with either observation alone or salvage radiation therapy for high-risk postoperative prostate cancer patients. Int. J. Cancer (Radiat. Oncol. Invest.) 90, 29-36 (2000).

Aged↗

PubMed2000

[Follow-up after infraligamental PTA treatment].

A total of 48 percutaneous transluminal angioplasties (PTAs) of the superficial femoral and popliteal artery performed between 1993 and 1998 were evaluated with ultrasound duplex scanning and ankle-arm pressure. Twenty-seven (60%) patients presented with claudication and 18 (40%) had limb-threatening ischaemia. Three patients had bilateral PTA. The PTAs were initially successful, corresponding to an early patency rate of 87.5% within the first four weeks. The 12 month patency rate, calculated by life table method, was 68% and 72%, respectively (non-significant). The mortality was 4% and 33% respectively during the first year (p < 0.05). In spite of the size of the material, PTA of the femoropopliteal arterial segment is considered as a valid alternative treatment to vascular surgery in patients presenting with claudication and in patients presenting limb-threatening ischemia.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗

PubMed2000

[Late results after below-knee revascularization of the popliteal artery with thin-wall InterGard vascular prosthesis].

We report on our clinical experience with a knitted Dacron prosthesis: thin-walled, spirally reinforced InterGard prosthesis. Between 1993 and 1996, 81 prostheses were implanted in 72 patients with an infrainguinal connection. We describe the special features of the prosthesis. The entire group of patients was analyzed. Indications for operation were disabling claudication in 42 cases (51.8%) and critical limb ischemia in 39 (48.0%) cases. The angiographic run-off was poor in 71 (87.9%) implantations. The perioperative mortality rate was 1.2% (1 patient). The primary cumulative patency rate calculated by the life-table method was 70% at 69 months. Our results suggest that PTFE offers no clear advantage over Dacron and the preferential use of PTFE needs to be reassessed.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Dental endosseous implant assessments in a type 2 diabetic population: a prospective study.

Diabetes mellitus, a prevalent disorder worldwide, is associated with systemic adverse sequelae, such as wound healing alterations, which may affect osseointegration of dental implants. This prospective multicenter study assessed the success of 2-stage endosseous root-form implants (3 different implant systems) placed in the mandibular symphysis of 89 male type 2 diabetic subjects. The implants were uncovered approximately 4 months after placement, restored with an implant-supported, Hader bar clip-retained overdenture, and maintained at scheduled follow-up data collection examinations for 60 months after loading. Sixteen (9.0%) of the 178 implants failed. Life table methods calculated implant survival at approximately 88%, from prosthesis placement through the 60-month follow-up, and at approximately 90% from implant placement through the observation period. No implants failed between surgical placement and uncovering, 5 failed at uncovering, 7 failed after uncovering before prosthesis placement, and 4 failed after prosthesis placement. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values were determined before implant placement (baseline) and approximately 4 months later at surgical uncovering (follow-up). The 5-year implant outcomes (successes versus failures) were analyzed against the following predictor variables: (1) baseline and follow-up FPG values, (2) baseline and follow-up HbA1c values, (3) subject age, (4) duration of diabetes (years), (5) baseline diabetic therapy, (6) smoking history, and (7) implant length. Regression analysis found only duration of diabetes (P < .025) and implant length (P < .001) to be statistically significant predictors of implant failure. There was no statistically significant difference in failure rates between the 3 different implant systems used. This study supports the use of dental implants in type 2 diabetic patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Carotid endarterectomy: survival rates of 227 patients.

From March 1963 to March 1974, 227 patients with carotid stenosis underwent unilateral or bilateral carotid endarterectomy at l'Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus in Québec. Survival during the first 7 years after operation was analysed by life-table methods based on full intervals. The observed probability of death in this group was significantly higher than the probability expected in the general population, by 6.8% in the 1st year and 3.9% in the 2nd year. In the next 3 years the differences were much smaller (0.5, 0.9 and 1.4%). The major causes of death were myocardial infarction and stroke. Women fared somewhat better than men after the 1st year of follow-up. Unexpectedly, patients who underwent unilateral endarterectomy had lower survival rates in each of the first 5 years after operation than patients who underwent staged bilateral operations, whether survival was measured from the date of the first or the second operation.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

[Clinical comparison of four types of IUDs made in China].

In order to compare the clinical efficacy of 4 types China made IUDs, this paper reported the study of a total of 1227 cases who, from January 1973 to June 1975, had used 1 of the 4 types of IUDs -- the stainless steel ring, metallic plastic mixed ring, metallic and silastic copper-shaped devices. The study was not a random allocation but was done, 1 type by 1, during the period. Life table method and logrank test were used to calculate and analyze the different events among these 4 types. 1147 cases were followed up for more than 5 years. The 5-year followup rate was 93.48%. Patients using these 4 types were comparable among themselves since the distribution of their age, gravida, para, and time of insertion were the same or quite similar. Study results were as follows: the cumulative pregnancy rates of the 2 copper V-shaped IUDs were significantly lower than that of the steel and mixed ring (p0.01); the cumulative expulsion rate of the steel ring was comparatively high, but there was no statistical difference compared with the others; bleeding was the main cause of medical removals; there was a higher cumulative medical removal rate of the V-shaped than that of the ring-shaped and also a significant difference between them (p0.01). However, at every year, the year-cumulative continuation rates were similar despite the difference of the events of discontinuation rates. The fact that 51.72-62.29% of the subjects continued to wear these IUDs indicated that the efficacy of the 4 types of IUDs was satisfactory even after a 5-year course.

Birth Rate↗

PubMed1976

Survival in breast cancer: study of 283 patients.

Records of 283 women with breast cancer diagnosed from 1965 through 1973 at l'Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement were studied for survival at 3 and 5 years. These were all patients who had not previously received cancer-directed treatment. Life-table methods based on full intervals only were used to analyze survival. Adjustment for deaths from other causes was provided by computing the expected and relative survival rates. The 5-year relative survival rates (%) were 60.2+/-4.1 for the total group of 283 patients, 87.9+/-4.5 for the 142 with localized disease and 44.9+/-59 for the 118 with regional spread. Of the patients with disease that was either localized or regional, 84% underwent total mastectomy. The age of patients at entry did not differ from that of cases reported to the Quebec Tumour Registry. The significant increase over time in the proportion of patients with localized disease would be expected to reduce the Quebec death rate from breast cancer in future if the better survival of these patients is not simply a function of earlier diagnosis.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical treatment of aorto-iliac occlusive disease.

The results of 177 reconstructions for aorto-iliac occlusive disease are presented. All operation, and evaluations of immediate and long term results obtained, were performed by one surgeon. Two basic techniques, endarterectomy and synthetic grafts were used. The results were assessed by the life table method. At ten years there was no statistical difference between the two groups. Endarterectomy, and graft insertion appear to be complementing each other, rather than representing two different modalities of therapy. The importance of thorough evaluation of the cerebral and coronary circulation prior to reconstruction of the aorto-iliac segment is emphasized.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

[Changes in the pulmonary function of factory workers exposure to terephthalic acid].

The pulmonary function was examined in 140 workers exposed to terephthalic acid(TPA) and 70 controls in the same residence area as non-exposure workers. The exposed workers exhibited significant decrease in MVV, PEFR, V75, PEFR/H and V75/H(P < 0.05) in comparison with the controls. The decrease was found to be associated with increased TPA concentration by multiple regression analysis. The results of life table method analysis suggested that there was an exposure level-response relationship between accumulative TAP dust exposure and lower FEV1. According to the results reported here, an exposure limit for TPA dust was proposed to be 4.30 mg/m3.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Bioassay of ethionamide for possible carcinogenicity.

A bioassay of the chemotherapeutic drug ethionamide for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in feed to Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Groups of 35 rats and 34 or 35 mice of each sex were administered ethionamide at one of the following doses, either 1,500 or 3,000 ppm for the rats and either 1,000 or 2,000 ppm for the mice. The animals were treated 5 days per week for 78 weeks, then observed for an additional 25 or 26 weeks. Matched controls consisted of groups of 15 untreated rats and 15 untreated mice of each sex. All surviving animals were killed at 103 or 104 weeks. Mean body weights of the treated rats and mice were lower than those of the corresponding matched controls during most or all of the study. Survival in the rats was sufficient to allow development of late-appearing tumors. In the mice, survival of the high-dose males (27%), matched-control males (7%), and low-dose females (37%) to the end of the study was low, and the deaths were associated with suppurative lung lesions. However, tests for dose-related trend in mortality were not significant in either sex, and 47% or more of all groups of mice except control males were alive at 78 weeks. In the rats, a variety of neoplasms were observed in treated and control groups of each sex. The lesions were of types commonly found in Fischer 344 rats, and none of the incidences of tumors in dosed animals were statistically significant when compared with controls. In the mice, the incidences of malignant lymphoma were slightly higher in dosed than in control mice (males: controls 2/15, low-dose 8/34, high-dose 4/34; females: controls 2/15, low-dose 4/31, high-dose 10/34). The incidences were not significant by any of the statistical tests used, including the Tarone and Cox tests using the life-table method. It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, ethionamide was not carcinogenic in either Fischer 344 rats or B6C3F1 mice.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2003

Electrical stimulation in the treatment of pelvic pain due to levator ani spasm.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate experience with intravaginal electrical stimulation for the relief of pain when used as adjunctive therapy in women with chronic pelvic pain and levator ani spasm. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort of consecutively treated patients from 1999 and 2000 was identified using billing records. Systematic chart review was completed using standardized data collection forms for all patients receiving electrical stimulation for pain from levator ani spasm. Data collected were objective for major variables and subjective for outcomes. Demographic data were reported as means and standard deviations. Stimulation characteristics were compared using ANOVA. Survival analysis was performed using life table methods. RESULTS: Medical records from 66 consecutive patients treated during an 18-month interval were reviewed. Demographic characteristics included mean age of 38.7 years, 13 years of education and parity of 2. Married women composed 75% of the study group, with 81% white, 10% Hispanic and 9% black. Of the 66 patients studied, 50 had follow-up documentation with an average duration of 14.5 weeks. Overall, 34 patients (52%) demonstrated improvement in pelvic pain following vaginal electrical stimulation. Using survival analysis, 51% of patients had persistent improvement 30 weeks after treatment. There were no differences in age, race, education or parity between patients reporting a sustained benefit of stimulation and those not reporting a benefit. CONCLUSION: Vaginal electrical stimulation may help a selected population of women with pelvic pain due to levator ani spasm.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[Surgical treatment of cervical cancer].

The clinical data and long-term following up results of 1,320 cases of cervical cancer from Jan. 1 st, 1953 to Dec. 31 th 1988 were presented. The routine operative extent for invasive cervical cancer in this hospital has been radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The cardinal ligament, para-vaginal tissue and vaginal wall removed varied according to the different clinical stage and extent of the lesion. The operative complications were: trauma 0.8%, the postoperative complication of ureteral fistula 0.2%, and there were no operative death. Long-term following up rate were 99.8%. In this series. The cumulative survival rate calculated by computerized life table method were following: 5 year survival rate sq. cell ca. stage Ia 100%, stage > or = I b 97.6%; adenoma. 90.8%. 185 cases died, among which 60 cases died of recurrent cervical cancer, 85 cases died of other benign diseases, 40 cases died of primary cancers of other organs other than cervix of uteri. It denotes that once a patient suffers from one kind of cancer, she will have possibility of suffering from another kind of cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1992

Hepatocellular carcinoma: a multivariate analysis of prognostic features in patients treated with hepatic arterial embolization.

The prognosis after hepatic arterial chemoembolization was retrospectively analyzed in relation to therapeutic modalities, stage of tumor, and degree of liver cirrhosis in 150 patients with solitary tumors of hepatocellular carcinoma. The analyses of life-table methods revealed that adjunct hepatectomy, tumor size, bilirubin, albumin, globulin, and the 15-min retention rate of indocyanine green are statistically significant prognostic factors for hepatic arterial chemoembolization. Results of Cox's proportional hazard analyses disclosed that adjunct hepatectomy (p = 0.0001), serum albumin level (p = 0.0032), and stage of tumor (p = 0.0194) are statistically significant and independent prognostic factors. These findings suggest that the prognosis after hepatic arterial chemoembolization depends on the hepatic functional reserve and stage of tumor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and adjunct hepatectomy improves the prognosis in these patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Risk factors associated with the incidence of seroconversion to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in goats on California dairies.

Incidence of seroconversion to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) was determined for 1,194 goats on 11 dairies, using 2 repeated annual herd tests for CAEV. Current life table methods were used to compare age-specific incidence of seroconversion for pasteurized milk-raised and unpasteurized milk-raised goats. Logistic regression models were used to determine the risk factors associated with CAEV seroconversion, and to estimate odds ratios for seroconversion for various factor levels. Goats raised by unpasteurized milk-feeding methods were 2.5 to 6.7 times more likely to seroconvert than were goats raised by pasteurized milk-feeding methods, depending on the method of comparison. Similarly, 61.6 to 85.0% of seroconversions in yearling goats possibly were attributable to unpasteurized milk feeding. Among yearling goats, CAEV seroconversion was associated with feeding method, breed, and source of goat (herd of origin) when the effect of dairy was considered. In addition to the 6.7 times greater risk of seroconversion for unpasteurized milk-raised goats, yearling goats of the Saanen and Toggenburg breeds were 2.2 and 3.3 times, respectively, more likely to seroconvert than were Alpine yearling goats. Yearling goats purchased from another source were less likely to seroconvert than were yearlings raised on the dairy where they were studied. Among goats > 1 year old, age was associated with risk of seroconversion. Goats that were 3 years old or were > or = 4 years old were 1.7 and 3.2 times, respectively, more likely to seroconvert than were 2-year-old goats, when adjusted for effect of dairy. The effects of dairy were significant (P < or = 0.001) in yearling and older goats.

Age Factors↗